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Volume 49 (2008)
- Issue 6 Pages 381-
- Issue 5 Pages 333-
- Issue 4 Pages 261-
- Issue 3 Pages 125-
- Issue 2 Pages 63-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 49, Issue 4
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
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Originals
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Hiroshi FUJIKAWA, Yukako SHIMOJIMA2008 Volume 49 Issue 4 Pages 261-265
Published: August 30, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: September 11, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRecently we developed a novel method for estimating viable Salmonella cell numbers by means of a 5'-nuclease real-time PCR [Fujikawa et al., J. Food Hyg. Japan, 47, 151-156 (2006)]. The method was based on the increase kinetics of the target DNA region (inv A) of the microorganism growing in a culture medium during incubation. The index for the PCR was the threshold cycle. In this study, we validated the method for application in food. Namely, Salmonella cells spiked into ground chicken, pork, and beef and raw hamburger patty at various cell concentrations were cleaned up using buoyant density centrifugation and the Salmonella cell numbers were estimated with our method. Linear decreases in the threshold cycle value were observed during incubation of the samples. The standard curves for the cell number in all food samples were almost identical. With a standard curve using the mean parameter values, we successfully estimated viable Salmonella cell concentrations of the foods. The results indicate that our method is applicable for viable cell number estimation of the target microorganism in foods. Further, we used this method to study Salmonella growth in ground chicken stored at a constant temperature.View full abstractDownload PDF (185K) -
Tomohiko KONISHI, Kouichi AKAKI, Kazuhiro HATANO2008 Volume 49 Issue 4 Pages 266-271
Published: August 30, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: September 11, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA simple method was developed for the analysis of hyoscyamine and scopolamine in human serum and urine using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). Hyoscyamine and scopolamine in serum and urine were cleaned up with an Oasis HLB cartridge and a PSA cartridge. The LC separation was carried out on an ODS column, using linear gradient elution with 5 mmol/L IPCC-MS3-methanol as the mobile phase. The mass spectral acquisition was done in the positive ion mode by applying selected reaction monitoring (SRM). The recoveries of hyoscyamine and scopolamine were 86.0-105% from human serum and urine fortified at 0.2 ng/mL and 10 ng/mL. The detection limits of hyoscyamine and scopolamine were 0.02 ng/mL. Four serum and three urine samples of humans poisoned by eating Datura innoxia Mill. were analyzed by this method. Hyoscyamine and scopolamine were detected at the levels of 0.45-3.5 ng/mL in all serum samples and 170-670 ng/mL in all urine samples.View full abstractDownload PDF (654K) -
Yoshimitsu SAKAMOTO, Yukie TADA, Nobutaka FUKUMORI, Kuniaki TAYAMA, Hi ...2008 Volume 49 Issue 4 Pages 272-282
Published: August 30, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: September 11, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA chronic feeding study to evaluate the safety of genetically modified glyphosate-tolerant soybeans (GM soybeans) was conducted using F344 DuCrj rats. The rats were fed diet containing GM soybeans or Non-GM soybeans at the concentration of 30% in basal diet. Non-GM soybeans were a closely related strain to the GM soybeans. These two diets werre adjusted to an identical nutrient level. In this study, the influence of GM soybeans in rats was compared with that of the Non-GM soybeans, and furthermore, to assess the effect of soybeans themselves, the groups of rats fed GM and Non-GM soybeans were compared with a group fed commercial diet (CE-2). General conditions were observed daily and body weight and food consumption were recorded. At the termination (104 weeks), animals were subjected to hematology, serum biochemistry, and pathological examinations. There were several differences in animal growth, food intake, organ weights and histological findings between the rats fed the GM and/or Non-GM soybeans and the rats fed CE-2. However, body weight and food intake were similar for the rats fed the GM and Non-GM soybeans. Gross necropsy findings, hematological and serum biochemical parameters, and organ weights showed no meaningful difference between rats fed the GM and Non-GM soybeans. In pathological observation, there was neither an increase in incidence nor any specific type of nonneoplastic or neoplastic lesions in the GM soybeans group in each sex. These results indicate that long-term intake of GM soybeans at the level of 30% in diet has no apparent adverse effect in rats.View full abstractDownload PDF (923K) -
Yuka KABASHIMA, Eiji UENO, Harumi OSHIMA, Tsutomu OHNO, Isao SAITO2008 Volume 49 Issue 4 Pages 283-293
Published: August 30, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: September 11, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBased on the data for pesticide residues in vegetables and fruits collected in Aichi prefecture (fiscal years 2001-2005), we selected groups of foods and pesticides that would allow efficient and effective inspection under the positive list system. Statistical analyses were done to examine the rates of detection of pesticides and the numbers of kinds of pesticides detected in samples of domestic vegetables, domestic fruits, imported vegetables, and imported fruits. The rate of detection of pesticides has decreased gradually in domestic vegetables. The number of different kinds of pesticides detected in each sample was significant higher in domestic fruits. Data for previous years were reassessed in terms of the present maximum residue limits (MRL), and classified as relative value to the MRL. The proportion of pesticides detected at levels that exceeded the MRLs showed a decreasing tendency. In addition, we were able to identify combinations of pesticides and agricultural commodities in which the MRLs were more likely to be exceeded.View full abstractDownload PDF (806K) -
Takahiro WATANABE, Ayako SEKINO, Yuko SHIRAMASA, Rieko MATSUDA, Tamio ...2008 Volume 49 Issue 4 Pages 294-302
Published: August 30, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: September 11, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt is very important to examine the effect of non-genetically modified (non-GM) soy varieties, which constitute the matrix of the testing sample used to quantify GM soy (RRS), on the measured value of RRS by quantitative PCR methods. Therefore, we quantified the amount of RRS in powder-mixed samples containing 1 or 5% RRS prepared by using 10 different varieties of non-GM soy as the matrix. The results revealed that the measured values were not in agreement with the powder-mixing levels and that the extent of the difference depended on the variety of non-GM soy used as the matrix. The yields of DNA extracted differed among the soy varieties. On the other hand, analysis of DNA-mixed samples, that were prepared with the DNAs extracted from RRS and non-GM soy varieties, showed that the measured values of RRS were in agreement with the DNA-mixing levels. These results strongly suggest that the proportions of DNA derived from RRS and non-GM soy were not consistent with the powder-mixing ratio in the case of some non-GM soy varieties used as a matrix, resulting in the discrepancy between the measured values and the powder-mixing levels.View full abstractDownload PDF (973K)
Notes
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Keisuke AOYAMA2008 Volume 49 Issue 4 Pages 303-307
Published: August 30, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: September 11, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn HPLC method for determination of goosypol in feed was developed. Gossypol in food was extracted with acetic acid-water-phosphoric acid (85 : 15 : 1) for 20 min in a water bath at 100°C. The extract was diluted with acetone-water (1 : 1), and injected into the HPLC. HPLC was performed with a Shodex C18M4E (4.6 mm i.d.×250 mm) column at a flow-rate of 1.0 mL/min, using a mobile phase of methanol-water (9 : 1) adjusted to pH 2.6 with phosphoric acid, and gossypol was detected with a UV detector (254 nm). A recovery test was conducted with cottonseed spiked with gossypol at 1,000 and 5,000 mg/kg, and with 2 kinds of formula feed spiked with gossypol at 58 and 580 mg/kg. The mean recoveries of gossypol were 90.8-105.0% and the relative standard deviations (RSD) were within 3.0%. A collaborative study was conducted with cottonseed and formula feed spiked with gossypol at 305 mg/kg in 8 laboratories. The average content of gossypol in cottonseed was 6,090 mg/kg, and the repeatability and reproducibility as the relative standard deviation (RSDr and RSDR) were 3.3% and 4.4%, while the mean recovery, RSDr and RSDR of gossypol in formula feed were 87.0%, 2.7% and 5.5%, respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (511K) -
Shigeharu OIE, Yuuki MATSUZAKA, Hiroko KIYONAGA, Kumiko MAEDA, Akira K ...2008 Volume 49 Issue 4 Pages 308-310
Published: August 30, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: September 11, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe evaluated the microbiological safety of bottled mineral water products commercially available in Japan. Of 10 bottled mineral water products manufactured in Japan, no bacteria or fungi were detected in 9 (90%), but 1 (10%) contained 1.8×103 colony-forming units (cfu)/mL. Of 12 bottled mineral water products manufactured in the EU, 11 (91.7%) contained 23–3.5×104 cfu/mL. On the other hand, of 5 bottled mineral water products manufactured in North America, 2 (40%) contained 2.3×102–2.5×103 cfu/mL. The detected microorganisms were glucose-nonfermentative Gram-negative bacilli such as Brevundimonas vesicularis, Moraxella spp., and Burkholderia cepacia, but Pseudomonas aeruginosa was not detected in any product. For immunocompromised host patients being managed in ultra-clean rooms, the examined bottled mineral water products manufactured in Japan, except 1, were microbiologically safe.View full abstractDownload PDF (83K) -
Takashi HASEGAWA, Masaaki SAIJO, Toshiyasu ISHII, Tomoko NAGATA, Yuji ...2008 Volume 49 Issue 4 Pages 311-315
Published: August 30, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: September 11, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA tadalafil analogue was detected in a dietary supplement marketed for tonic effect, along with hydroxyhomosildenafil and aminotadalafil. The tadalafil analogue was isolated by preparative thin layer chromatography (TLC) and its structure was elucidated using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), liquid chromatography electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS), Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance-mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The compound was determined to be methyl-1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-2-(chloroacetyl)-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole-3-carboxylate.View full abstractDownload PDF (222K) -
Multiresidue Analysis of Pesticides in Agricultural Products by GC/MS Coupled with Database SoftwareEiji UENO, Yuka KABASHIMA, Harumi OSHIMA, Tsutomu OHNO2008 Volume 49 Issue 4 Pages 316-319
Published: August 30, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: September 11, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe evaluated a multiresidue method for determination of pesticides in agricultural products by SCAN mode GC/MS coupled with three kinds of database for 253 pesticides: relative retention time, mass spectra and calibration curve (SCAN method). Twenty-six pesticides, a total of 131 pesticides were detected in samples by the SCAN method. The detection results agreed closely with those of the SIM mode GC/MS method using calibration standards (SIM method). The ratios of the SCAN method to the SIM method ranged from 0.3 to 3.1 with SD values of 0.63. It was judged that the SCAN method could be applied to the screening analysis of pesticide residues in agricultural products, provided that the sample preparation method makes it possible to effectively remove sample matrixes with minimal loss of analytes.View full abstractDownload PDF (397K)
Reports
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Akira SHIMIZU, Minematsu NAKA, Junichi KAWANO2008 Volume 49 Issue 4 Pages 320-325
Published: August 30, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: September 11, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA survey of Staphylococcus aureus contamination of commercial raw minced meat at 3 supermarkets in Hyogo Prefecture was conducted over a period of half a year (January to June 2006). In total, the contamination rate was 77.8% (28/36) for beef, 91.7% (33/36) for pork and 91.7% (33/36) for chicken samples. In supermarket A, half or more of the positive samples had MPN values of ≥110/g for all 3 kinds of meat samples. In supermarkets B and C, most of the positive samples were less than 46/g for all 3 kinds of meat samples. Of the 94 isolates examined, 50 (53.2%) belonged to the human biotype, and 44 (46.8%) to animal biotypes. By coagulase typing, 64 (77.1%) of the 83 typable isolates were classified into types V (n=32) and VII (n=32). Seventeen (18.1%) of the 94 isolates produced staphylococcal enterotoxins C (n=16) and B (n=1). Pulse-field gel electrophoresis was applied for epidemiological analysis of the isolates in the 3 supermarkets. In supermarket A, the predominant type shifted during the term of the investigation. In supermarket B, the same type was isolated repeatedly from the meat throughout the investigation. In supermarket C, a variety of genotypes were detected from the meat throughout the investigation.View full abstractDownload PDF (714K) -
Narue SAKAMAKI, Mitsuo NAKAZATO, Hiroko MATSUMOTO, Kayo HAGINO, Keiko ...2008 Volume 49 Issue 4 Pages 326-331
Published: August 30, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: September 11, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSInteractions between grapefruit juice and medications have long been recognized. In recent years, several furanocoumarins (FCs) that inhibit P450 activity in intestinal microsomes have been isolated from grapefruit juice. FCs, i.e., bergamottin (BG), bergapten (BP), bergaptol (BT) and 6',7'-dihydroxybergamottin (DHB), in samples was extracted with acetonitrile, and separated on a Phenyl column using 0.1% phosphoric acid-acetonitrile gradient as a mobile phase, with monitoring at 311 nm. The recoveries of BG, BP, BT and DHB from lemon juice spiked at the level of 5.0 μg/g were 103±0.7%, 99.5±0.2%, 96.5±0.2% and 90.1±0.2%, respectively. The quantification limits were 1.0 μg/g in samples. The contents of BG, BP and DHB in grapefruit juice (n=13), citrus fruit of 20 species and health food (n=16) were measured. The contents of BG were 0-16 μg/g, 0-16 μg/g and 0-5.6 μg/g, BT were 0-39 μg/g, 0-13 μg/g and 0-28 μg/g, DHB were 0-10 μg/g, 0-35 μg/g and 0-6.2 μg/g, respectively. BP was not detected. These results suggest that patients prescribed calcium antagonists or antiallergic agents should be cautions about their intake of FCs from grapefruit juice, citrus and health foods.View full abstractDownload PDF (542K)
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