計測と制御

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The cuff-type electromagnetic flow meters are the most suitable instruments for blood flow measurement, and are universally in practical use. However, many problems in the measurement of blood flow yet remain unsolved.
In this paper, the following problems are discussed.
(a) Baseline drifts due to electromagnetic and electrostatic coupling between exciting and detecting circuits.
(b) Effects of non-uniformity of magnetic flux density.
(c) Effects of axially non-symmetrical velocity profiles.
(d) Effects of electrical conductivity of blood vessels.
(e) Effects of properties of blood; hematocrit value, radial distributions of red cells and red cell orientation in flowing blood.
(f) Development of flowmeters for transcutaneous blood flow measurements.
Two simple methods for reduction of baseline drifts are presented. One of them is to reduce the electrical impedance of electrodes. The other is the simple adjustment of electrical circuits.
In order to measure pulsatile or axially non-symmetrical blood flow accurately by cuff-type electromagnetic flowmeters, appropriate flowmeter probes must be used. Some of these flowmeter probes are shown.
It is well known that the flowmeter sensitivities are greatly affected by hematocrit values of blood. There are many causes to this effect. The most important cause is the orientation of red cells in flowing blood.
Transcutaneous blood flowmeters are urgently required for clinical use. A transcutaneous electromagnetic flowmeter which is applicable for clinical use is also discussed.

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