Study was made on the characteristics of boiler process before an automatic combustion was installed on boiler. This made it possible for us to obtain good results in controlling the boiler. Since boiler process is complex to make its complete theoretical analysis, the authors have attempted to make an approximation that is a little different from an theoretical analysis prevailed up to now. Namely, the difference in temperature between boiler drum and saturated water was naturally taken into consideration for heat is conducted from the drum to the water. Thus, a block diagram shown in Fig. 3 was obtained. After simplifying the diagram, the authors have reached the final characteristic equation for boiler process as given in the following:

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In recent years, importance has been increasingly attached to the necessity of quality management in productive factories in connection with their mass production system for uniform products. In proportion to such tendency, various kinds of industrial process naturally should be turned into automation and accordingly desire has become to take shape to adopt automation in quality management. In order to meet the above mentioned purpose, the authors manufactured a sample device which can automatically compute and record the data of a product at a certain moment, its mean value up to that moment and standard deviation of the product at any time which were all taken up as measures of quality management, and named it Quality Managing Meter. The construction and operation of this meter are as illustrated in Fig. 1 and its accuracy is about 0.5% for digital parts and 1% for analog parts.

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The device described here is for performing the continual measurement of the intensity ratio between two spectral lines. The circuit employs the saw-tooth voltages generated as a result of charging the two small capacitors by the output currents of two multiplier phototubes and discharging them by the two relay contacts. The slope of the one saw-tooth wave is proportional to the output current of the one multiplier phototube and its repetition period is so controlled as to be in inverse proportion to the output current of the other phototube. Accordingly, the ratio between two output currents of the multiplier phototubes can be measured by the peak voltmeter composed of a sampling switch and vacuum tube voltmeter.
The reproducibility and deviation from linearity of the circuit are both less than ±0.5% of the maximum output when the response time is a few seconds. Also given as an example is the result of the measurement of the intensity ratio between two iron spectral lines emitted from high voltage spark discharge.

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