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Volume 16 (1980)
- Issue 6 Pages 783-
- Issue 5 Pages 615-
- Issue 4 Pages 469-
- Issue 3 Pages 303-
- Issue 2 Pages 147-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 16, Issue 2
Displaying 1-28 of 28 articles from this issue
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Yasuchika MORI, Etsujiro SHIMEMURA1980 Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages 147-153
Published: April 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this paper is to propose a new method of designing the state feedback control law for linear discrete-time systems. This method is developed on the idea to locate all the closed-loop eigenvalues in the given region which may realize a desired dynamical behavior of closed-loop system. This method utilizes the geometric relation of eigenvalues between an open-loop system and its corresponding closed-loop system. Using this relation, the exact closed-loop eigenvalue locations can be known just by drawing figures without solving any equation. After locating the closed-loop eigenvalues in the desired region by this way, the control law is determined by solving a certain equation only once.View full abstractDownload PDF (825K) -
Hidetoshi WAKAMATSU, Takashi SEKIGUCHI1980 Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages 154-161
Published: April 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTaking into account the considerable complexity and difficulty of conventionally proposed nonlinear system identification methods and techniques by discrete Volterra functional representation, a simpler practical identification method is proposed. In the proposed method, discrete Volterra kernels, divided into groups corresponding to each sampling time, are regarded as unknown variables of each simultaneous linear equation. These equations have coefficient matrices constructed by combining the sampled discrete input signals, and by computing constant vectors derived from the output excluding the contribution of the input signals which came in, long before the output in the identification procedure. A group of simultaneous linear equations is solved one by one, applying the solution of each step to solve the next simultaneous linear equation having a larger number of unknowns, and thus each identification procedure reduces the size of the matrix to be dealt with. This iteration process assures a highly accurate identification of a system and it can be widely applicable because it allows a choice of input signals and systems to be identified. This can be applied even to systems in operation, if appropriate combinations of input signals are selected, which can be automatically performed by numerical determination under the condition of their linear independence. Furthermore, a more practical method is proposed, in which the number of the test signals can be reduced in case that the appropriate combinations of independent input signals are difficult to obtain, especially in the system in operation. For the explanation of the methods two mathematical systems are identified by the proposed methods and their identified Volterra kernels and input-output relations are shown.View full abstractDownload PDF (1065K) -
Eiichi BAMBA1980 Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages 162-168
Published: April 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe existence of a discrete time bilinear system which is dynamically equivalent to a discrete time nonlinear system with C∞ nonlinear functions in the state and with the control appearing linearly, is assured. A procedure to construct a canonical form of such a bilinear system is the extension of Lo's method to a discrete time system, and there the power series expansion related to C∞ functions plays a great role. When this power series is finite, we obtain the input/output difference equations of the above bilinear system and a realizable bilinear system. When the series is infinite it can be shown that the asymptotic stability of the considered bilinear system is a sufficient condition for convergence of this power series.View full abstractDownload PDF (863K) -
Shinji HARA, Katsuhisa FURUTA1980 Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages 169-176
Published: April 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper considers the servomechanism problem for linear multivariable systems in the state space setting. In this paper are given: (i) necessary and sufficient conditions for a given plant satisfying the steady-state criteria, i. e., possing the property to regulate the outputs to obey reference commands despite disturbance input, (ii) a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a dynamic compensator such that the composite system of this and the given plant is observable and satisfies the steady-state characteristics, and (iii) a simple algorithm with matrix operations for the minimal-order dynamic compensator design. A useful design procedure for linear multivariable servomechanisms, which consists of the compensator design for the steady-state characteristics and the regulator design for the transient characteristics, is also shown by using the above results.View full abstractDownload PDF (987K) -
Relationship between General Systems and Stationary SystemsYasuhiko TAKAHARA, Bumpei NAKANO, Hiroshi KUBOTA1980 Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages 177-182
Published: April 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper is motivated by the following two basic questions:
1. Given a time variant dynamical model z=f(t, z, x) and y=g(t, z) where x, y and z are input, output and state variables, respectively, there is a well-known operation to make the model a time invariant system by introducing a new variable u such that the model is reformulated as
d/dt(u z)=(1 f(u, z, x)), y=g(u, z)
Then, what is a system theoretic significance of this operation?
2. Nerode realization is usually understood as an operation to generate a state space representation of an experimental data. If we consider this operation as a transformation of systems, what is a system theoretic significance of this operation?
Practical meanings of these operations are clearly different. However, this paper shows that in the category theoretic framework both of these operations can be represented by a functor between the category of causal time systems S and that of causal stationary systems St. This functor F is called stationalization functor. The fundamental property of this functor is that the output system F(S) of a causal time system S is a universal element of the inclusion functor I: St→S. That is, the above two operations can be interpreted as procedures to generate minimal causal stationary models of the original systems and understood as concrete representations of the “inverse function” of the inclusion functor I.View full abstractDownload PDF (787K) -
Tsutomu MITA, Hiroshi YOSHIDA1980 Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages 183-188
Published: April 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe undershooting phenomenon of a linear servo system is related to an increase of the rising time of the step response. In a single input-output system, it is well known that this phenomenon occurs when there are right half plane zeros of the transfer-function.
This paper discusses this undershooting phenomenon in multi-input and output systems from a linear structure point of view, and includes the following.
1) The necessary and sufficient condition to eliminate this undershoot is derived, and it is shown that this phenomenon is not directly related to invariant zeros in multivariable systems.
2) A design condition and a design procedure of a servo system having no undershoot are proposed and discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (675K) -
Hiroyuki TAMURA, Tadashi KONDO1980 Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages 189-194
Published: April 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper deals with the nonlinear statistical modeling of steady state river quality. The methodology used for modeling is a revised GMDH (Group Method of Data Handling) of generating optimal intermediate polynomials. By using the measured data of river quality such as BOD and DO concentrations in the Bormida river, Italy, we intend to construct two kinds of nonlinear steady state models, and they are compared with the Rinaldi's linear physical model. In the steady state model I, we intend to discover a suitable structure of the Bormida river by using no a priori information of the system structure. It is shown that the revised GMDH model gives much better prediction for DO concentration compared with the physical model. In the steady state model II, we intend to approximate the river quality in the Bormida river as a polynomial of the input variables. It is shown that it is difficult to approximate the DO part of the model as a polynomial of the input variables, because the system structure for the DO concentration is very complex.View full abstractDownload PDF (817K) -
Shohei NIWA1980 Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages 195-202
Published: April 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this paper, identifiability of unknown parameters of linear time invariant systems is considered. Some new conditions are given for the identifiability when parameters are to be identified from input-output data.
Necessary and sufficient conditions for global identifiability are given which are more practical than earlier results. A frequency condition concerning the probing signals for identification is given, and it plays an important role in the derivation of global identifiability conditions. Results given in this paper for the probing signals are similar to the conditions given earlier for the convergence of adaptive observers. A necessary and sufficient condition for local identifiability is also given using global results.View full abstractDownload PDF (900K) -
Yukio NISHIMURA, Yoh YONEZAWA1980 Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages 203-209
Published: April 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt is well known that impulse response of a linear system subject to an M-sequence input can be approximately obtained by correlating the input with the output.
A new delay method of M-sequence is proposed, showing that the j-th delayed versions are given by mk-j=yjTxk when the basic sequences are defined by mk=y0Txk13:35 2009/02/03. Here x and y are the state vectors of basic and adjoint shift registers, respectively. The subscripts 0, k and j are the sampling numbers. Then the error of approximation is evaluated theoretically, investigating the relation between the crosscorrelation and the impulse response. And it is shown that no steady state error exists in the measurement of impulse response.
On these principles, a portable correlating apparatus which is simple in the construction is trially built. Measurement and recording of the correlation are made automatically by this apparatus. The experimental results on the analogue simulated system are in good agreement with the theoretical prediction.View full abstractDownload PDF (1401K) -
Nobuo SANNOMIYA, Masahiro INAZU, Masayuki TSUKABE1980 Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages 210-215
Published: April 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this paper is to develop a method for solving mixed integer linear programming problems with angular structure. The method can be viewed as an extension of the Dantzig-Wolfe decomposition technique to mixed integer problems. The solution is obtained by solving a restricted master problem and subproblems iteratively. The master problem is a linear programming problem, while the subproblems are mixed integer problems which are smaller in sizes than the original problem.
The termination of this algorithm is checked in two stages. If the optimality test is satisfied, the procedure terminates and the optimal solution is obtained. If not, the search for improvement is continued within a restricted extent of the search region. The procedure is finite. If the procedure terminates with no improved solution, the best solution obtained so far is provided as a suboptimal solution.
With an application to the optimal planning of mixing raw coal in the iron industry, the present algorithm compares favourably with the conventional branch-and-bound method.View full abstractDownload PDF (873K) -
Yoshifumi SUNAHARA, Akira OHSUMI, Yoshinori ADACHI1980 Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages 216-221
Published: April 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this paper is to present a new approach to an early decision-making for detecting the signal in random noise by focussing our attention on the initial time estimate when the signal to be detected is applied.
The problem is mathematically stated within the framework of Itô stochastic calculus. The key notion of early decision-making presented here is an application of the multiple hypothesis testing which leads us to compute the likelihood-ratio function. Aspects of the procedure and numerical experiments are also shown by processing real data.View full abstractDownload PDF (745K) -
Hidehiko KONO1980 Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages 222-227
Published: April 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this paper, a method is proposed to discriminate simple geometric shape patterns such as a triangle, a square, a regular pentagon, a regular hexagon, a circle, a rhombus, a trapezoid etc.. The pattern-classification value is used as a new parameter of feature extraction of shape pattern. The pattern-classification value is detected by projecting the shape pattern perpendicularly on the reference line. In the projected pattern of the shape, let Ax stand for the largest width on the reference line, Ay stand for the largest height from the reference line and Aa stand for the area of the pattern. The pattern-classification value is defined as the ratio of Aa to the product of Ax and Ay.
Some simple shapes are theoretically analyzed. The general characteristics of the pattern-classification value are that it is constant with a circle and regular polygons except multiple-of-four polygons. However, in the multiple-of-four polygons, the pattern-classification value changes by changing the postural angle and maintains a 180° period of cycle. Therefore, these characteristics can be utilized in the pattern discrimination of simple shapes. Some of the experimental results show a good a-greement with those of the theoretical analysis.View full abstractDownload PDF (699K) -
Yutaka TOMITA1980 Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages 228-232
Published: April 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper describes the viscoelastic properties of articular cartilage as determined by the impact technique. The specimens were taken from the proximal head of the avian tibia.
In the first phase of the experiment, the specimens were filled with intercellular fluid. In the second phase, the specimens were immersed in normal salina sollution and pressed repeatedly for thirty minutes to partly exchange the intercellular fluid with the normal saline solution.
The specimens were subjected to “impulsive forces” by an impactor which had a spherical punch and an accelerometer on both ends. The time profiles of the acceleration were recorded and used: 1) to compute the velocities and displacements, and 2) to identify, the dynamic material properties of the articular cartilages.
The following results were obtained: 1) The collision between the impactor and the articular cartilages is not perfect elastic collision, and energy is consumed during the collision. 2) The energy consumed is proportional to the square of the collision velocities. 3) There is no difference between the amount of energy consumed by the articular cartilages with the intercellular fluid and the articular cartilages with the normal saline solution. The maximum displacement of the articular cartilages with intercellular fluid is, however, smaller than that with normal saline solution. 4) Intercellular fluid has properties of a spring. 5) The articular cartilages can be approximated with a spring-dashpot-parallel-distribution model. The spring constant and the viscous damping coefficient are proportional to the exponent of displacement. 6) The physical properties of intercellular fluid largely contribute to the physical properties of the articular cartilages. This is shown by the calculation of Young's moduli, they were: E=3.3×107Nm-2, with the intercellular fluid, and E=1.7×106Nm-2, with normal saline solution.View full abstractDownload PDF (732K) -
Tohru IUCHI1980 Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages 233-238
Published: April 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper describes a method for simultaneous measurement of both temperature and emissivity, which has a special feature of eliminating stray radiation at the same time. The measuring system of this method is composed of a radiometer and a black body radiator which are symmetrically set at equal viewing angles respectively from a normal to the surface of an measured object. The applicable limits have been broadened to non perfect diffusely reflecting surfaces by introducing an effective geometrical factor, p, although the principle of the method is valid originally only to perfect specularly reflecting surfaces. The factor p is intimately related to the surface roughness of the measured object as well as the effective wavelength of a radiometer.
The procedure for the design of a measuring system has been established by deriving pmax and dΩmax, where pmax is the solid angle subtending a black body radiator from the measured object, whose solid angle is necessary for obtaining pmax.
This method is a useful radiation thermometry particularly in an environment as the inside of an industrial furnace filled with stray radiation.View full abstractDownload PDF (791K) -
Sadatoshi MIURA, Toshio HONMA, Hisao MABUCHI1980 Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages 239-244
Published: April 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSX-ray Computed Tomography (XCT) is an excellent and promising technique of surveying the inner part of a body, but it has hitherto been rarely applied to other fields than the clinical medicine. The authors tried to apply XCT to the investigation of a sculpture of Buddha and obtained a satisfactory result.
The sculpture of Buddha in question is about 1 meter high and made of wood (Japanese cypress). It is an artifact of the 12th century. Since its structure is much complicated, the X-ray radiography, the most popular method of the scientific examination of art objects, could not reveal the details. By using XCT apparatus we could not only guess the structure of a sculpture of Buddha easily and correctly, but also could reveal a miniature Buddha and several pieces of paper confined in the main body.
XCT is also suited for the estimation of wood deterioration. For this purpose the X- ray energy of the medical XCT apparatus is detrimental because of its strong penetration force. We calculated theoretically an optimum X-ray energy level for the detection of deteriorated part (10keV) and confirmed it experimentally.
In view of its great possibility, XCT, with a further improvement in the method to manipulate it, may find a wide range of application in all sorts of technical fields.View full abstractDownload PDF (2606K) -
Consideration Based on the Behaviour of Velocity FluctuationsIchiro KIMURA, Takashi NAGAMINE, Masatada YONEMOCHI1980 Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages 245-250
Published: April 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the previous paper, the relation between the behaviour of two-dimensional water jets affected by sound and the decay of velocity fluctuations has been discussed in the sensitive region by using Taylor's statistical theory of turbulence. As a result, especially, it has been proved that the behaviour of a sound-sensitive water jet is related to the decay of velocity fluctuations in the downstream side of the transition domain from a laminar jet to a turbulent jet.
In this paper, the behaviour of velocity fluctuations in a two-dimensional water jet sensitive to sound. is experimentally investigated by using spectrum analysis and correlation technique. Especially, the slope of the decay of velocity fluctuations in the flow direction is obtained by using Taylor's statistical theory and is compared with the experimental results.
The following facts are confirmed:
1) From the tendency of turbulent intensity, a sound-sensitive water jet is devided into three domains: the laminar, transition, and turbulent domains.
2) In the laminar domain, the velocity fluctuations produced by sound propagate and grow exponentially in the flow direction depending on the sound frequency.
3) In the transition domain, two nonlinear interactions of velocity fluctuations take place: the production of components of other frequencies and the suppression of the growth of several marked components.
4) The behaviour of a sound-sensitive water jet is related to both the decay and the nonlinear interaction of velocity fluctuations.View full abstractDownload PDF (888K) -
Yoshiharu ANBE, Hisashi EZURE1980 Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages 251-257
Published: April 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper describes the total dynamic characteristics of a hot strip mill finisher.
The finisher of a hot strip mill consists of the mill, main drive, screw down, looper and automatic gage control (AGC).
The final gage of the finisher is determined by the characteristics of the metal being rolled and the abovementioned components.
The finisher with seven stands was simulated by a digital computer including all subcomponents.
The sampling period of AGC and the effect of feedforward AGC was investigated.
The simulation results agreed with the actual rolling data.
The sampling period of AGC gives a good final gage when it is 30-100(ms), but it also depends upon the roll eccentricity.
So, it will be neccessary to reduce roll eccentricity when the sampling period is shortened.
The feedforward AGC is effective for upstream stands and for a thicker exit gage.View full abstractDownload PDF (834K) -
Yuji NIWA, Nobuo FUJII1980 Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages 258-263
Published: April 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis Paper deals with a control problem of a tokamak plasma. On the basis of the MHD equations and the tokamak circuit theory, formulated are the basic equations which describe the behavior of the plasma column and the interactions among the column and various control currents. The formulation includes the quadru-pole field coil current together with image currents induced on the vacuum chamber. Linearization of the equations yields the state equation for small deviations of plasma parameters and the currents from their equilibrium values. With the help of the multivariable control theory, control systems are numerically constructed with the design parameters of JT-60; numerical simulation studies for the responses of the resulting closed loop systems are carried out. The results seem to be satisfactory from the engineering viewpoint.View full abstractDownload PDF (1212K) -
Kazuo AIDA, Izumi YAMANAKA1980 Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages 264-270
Published: April 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this paper a method of optimum setting for the PI controller in a process control system is presented.
A stepwise disturbance to the control system will produce a pair of characteristic figures, i. e., the amount of overshoot and the amplitude damping ratio. They are used as performance indices of the optimum setting of the controller. A 20 percent overshoot will be optimum in the sense that it gives the smallest ISE among the responses with the same amplitude damping ratio. On the other hand a desirable value of the amplitude damping ratio will be 0.25 which is recommended by J. G. Ziegler and N. B. Nichols. In this paper it is shown that an amplitude damping ratio being 0.2∼0.25 makes the quadratic performance index smallest for the controlled system of the first order lag system with delay.
The adjusting device is built as a trial. The impulse response of control system for the disturbance is identified by means of the correlation technique using the M-sequence signal. Two performance indices, the amount of overshoot and amplitude damping ratio, are evaluated from the impulse response. The proportional gain and the reset time of PI controller are simultaneously adjusted with the pulse motors in inverse proportion to the error of the amplitude damping ratio and the reciprocal of the overshoot respectively.
Simulation studies are carried out on a analogue computer and give satisfactory results.View full abstractDownload PDF (1535K) -
Masao ITOH1980 Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages 271-277
Published: April 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSince a fully submerged hydrofoil craft cannot keep the stable height above the water surface and the attitudes on the surface, an autopilot system to stabilize the height and the attitudes of the craft is needed.
In the present paper, an analysis method for the rolling angle and banked turn control systems of a hydrofoil test craft (displacement: 4.3 tons) with fully submerged foils is described.
The test craft has two flaps attached to the port and starboad fore foils, one flap to the after foil, and a rudder at the stern of the craft body. The roll angle of the craft is stabilized by moving the port and starboard fore foils differentially through the single of the roll angle deviation of the autopilot. On the other hand, the rudder is manually operated by a helmsman, and so, the crusing direction is not automated. However, the coordinated or banked turn control system is adopted in this autopilot.
The dynamics of the lateral motion of the test craft and the characteristics of the autopilot are first described by transfer functions, and then, the roll attitude control system and the co-ordinated turn control system are synthesized by using the root locus method.
It has been shown that the calculated results for the control system coincided well with those of the sea trials by the test craft.View full abstractDownload PDF (856K) -
Tohru KATAYAMA, Masaru KOBAYASHI1980 Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages 278-282
Published: April 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper deals with the estimation of a two-dimensional homogeneous random field with a separable autocovariance function. The optimal line-by-line filtering and smoothing algorithms are obtained by the use of a one-dimensional state-space representation for the random field derived from a two-dimensional model9) and the Kalman filtering theory. Then applying an orthogonal transform, the line-byline vector processing algorithms are decomposed into a set of scalar equations. The optimal scalar algorithms are implemented with the help of the standard fast Fourier transform. A simulation study by using artificial random field is demonstrated and an application to image processing is discussed to show the applicability of the present technique.View full abstractDownload PDF (1373K) -
Takashi AMEMIYA1980 Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages 283-284
Published: April 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (319K) -
Takeshi TSUCHIYA1980 Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages 285-287
Published: April 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (318K) -
Toshio YOSHIMURA, Koji INOUCHI, Takashi SOEDA1980 Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages 288-289
Published: April 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (261K) -
Shizuma YAMAGUCHI, Mitsuo OHTA, Kazunori NAGAI1980 Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages 290-292
Published: April 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (282K) -
Masayasu YAMADA, Takayuki TOKUHO, Yoshifumi SAKURAI1980 Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages 293-294
Published: April 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (264K) -
Kimio KANAI, Tadayasu DEGAWA1980 Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages 295-297
Published: April 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (257K) -
Akira WACHI1980 Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages 298-299
Published: April 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (269K)
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