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Volume 18, Issue 7
Displaying 1-17 of 17 articles from this issue
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Teruo ITO, Shigeo TAKATA1982 Volume 18 Issue 7 Pages 647-652
Published: July 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwo point boundary value problems formulated from optimal control ploblems of continuous systems contain algebraic equations which give the optimal control. This fact prevents the direct application of the Urabe's theorem by which an approximate solution assures the existence of the theoretical solution and at the same time the error bound of the approximate solution is given. This paper shows the possibility of this application of the theorem using the implicit function theorem. Moreover, even though some tedious calculation is necessary in order to check the conditions of the theorem, this paper shows the methods of conventional calculation at the sacrifice of the mathematical strictness. As an example, using the numerical solution of the optimal control problem of a bilenear system, the exsistence of the theoretical solution is assured and the error bound of the numerical solution is given.View full abstractDownload PDF (703K) -
Masaru UCHIYAMA, Kyojiro HAKOMORI1982 Volume 18 Issue 7 Pages 653-660
Published: July 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA new method to measure the instantaneous flow rate of unsteady flows in a circular pipe with the help of an estimating filter theory is presented. It is very important but difficult to measure the instantaneous flow rate. The variation of the velocity profile of unsteady flow often degrades the dynamic accuracy of the flowmeters. The velocity profile should be taken into consideration.
The dynamics of the velocity profile variation in a circular pipe is governed by a linear partial differential equation. In this paper, the equation is approximated with a finite partial fraction expansion of its Laplace-transformed solution. Utilizing this finite dimensional model, the velocity profile estimation problem is formulated as a discrete Kalman filter problem and solved in a general form.
By means of this filter, an instantaneous flowmeter which consists of a laser Doppler velocimeter and an eight bits microcomputer has been developed. The filter of eighth order is implemented on the computer and is operated in real time. The instantaneous flow rate of a pulsating flow and a stepwise changing flow has been measured successfully by this flowmeter.View full abstractDownload PDF (876K) -
Kuniaki MATSUMOTO, Shigeyuki SHIMAUCHI1982 Volume 18 Issue 7 Pages 661-668
Published: July 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn amount of water leakage in water supply of large city reaches to 17-20% of total supply quantity, and it becomes one of the most serious social problems. A region having much leakage quantity should be sought beforehand in order to use effectively an old listening noize method (i.e. to listen to the leakage noize on ground by specialists), and it is necessary to throw a few specialists and equipments into this region. A distribution pipeline network is divided into appropriate blocks, and then used quantity of water in each block is estimated by models. A new method is proposed, which estimates leakage quantity by subtracting this estimated used quantity of water from inflow measured quantity into the block.
The feature of the models are described as follows;
(1) The state of faucets used in each block is formulated as a queuing problem, which is expressed as a Poisson arrival exponential service system by considering number of household (=number of faucets used at midnight) as number of server and number of people in the block as number of customer. Under this assumption, a model estimating vacancy time at midnight (i.e. time of all faucets being closed) is developed by generating quasi-random number.
(2) Futhermore, a model is developed to estimate used quantity of water by considering the pattern of used water quantity in addition to the above model.
The vacancy time estimation modes is verified to be practically effective in experimental blocks in a large city. The water usage quantity estimation model will be expected to be used practically in the near future.View full abstractDownload PDF (1030K) -
Shigenori OKUBO1982 Volume 18 Issue 7 Pages 669-676
Published: July 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the actual systems which are described with polynomic systems, there are chemical ones biological ones and so on, and we can approximate general nonlinear systems by polynomic systems on an appropriate driving domain.
This paper is concerned with the servo problem of polynomic systems. The construction of the servo system in this paper is to apply Davison-Smith method to polynomic systems, to stabilize state z which is the time derivative of state z of the augmented system, and to guarantee the boundedness of state z at the same time.
In the servo system, state z must be converged to any constant vector generally under the consideration of constant disturbances and constant desired values. Then the boundedness of the state must be accomplished. Even if the state is bounded, it would be happened that the state is time-variable, for example a periodic function of time. So limt→∞ z=0 must be accomplished because of the rejection of the above possibility. For the determination of the control's law, though the order is inverse, to set a quadratic form of z(VD), to determine the control's law from VD<0, and to calculate the driving domain DS. For the next time, to set a quadratic form of z(V), and to confirm V<0 in the domain DS. It is advantage that we can induce the condition of V<0 from one of VD<0 in polynomic systems.
The control's law of the linear part can be gotten by the method of pole assignment or a linear regulator with the condition of controllability. On the other hand, the nonlinear part can be gotten by the minimization of coefficients of the norm-evalution with real numbers ρi (i=1, 3, …) for even degree polynomials of VD. The driving domain can be calculated from system parameters. Though its domain gives the sufficient condition for the system to drive stably, the practical one is wider than the theoretical one like as to show in a simulation of a numerical example.
From these considerations this paper's method can give an useful control's law for the servo problem of polynomic systems.View full abstractDownload PDF (948K) -
Keigo WATANABE1982 Volume 18 Issue 7 Pages 677-684
Published: July 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this paper, the partitioned filtering problem is investigated for a class of stochastic distributed parameter systems. The partition theorem, which may be applicable to construct the adaptive distributed-type estimator in the Bayesian sense, is formally derived by using the smoothing property of expectation operator. With the aid of the above result, the distributed-type partitioned filter can be obtained in terms of each unique solution for the distributed parameter Kalman filter with nominal initial state, its fundamental solution matrix and the fixed-point smoother for the residual unknown initial perturbed state. It is discussed that these-type estimators are effective for the unsteady-state sequential state estimation problem of a system having the unknown initial state, and for the sensitivity analysis due to the initial data. Finally, the results obtained here are applied to the numerical solution method for the unsteadystate partial differential Riccati equation associated with a problem of distributed parameter filtering or a problem of optimal sensor locations, and then a “distributed partitioned-type numerical algorithm” (DPNA) is proposed.View full abstractDownload PDF (1060K) -
Toshihiro KOBAYASHI, Megumu KUROIWA1982 Volume 18 Issue 7 Pages 685-691
Published: July 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this paper a servomechanism problem is investigated for a distributed parameter system of parabolic type. The servomechanism problem considered here is to design a feedback control system such that the output will tend to a desired constant reference vector as t→∞ even for a system with constant unknown disturbances.
Under some assumptions with respect to input-distribution functions it is shown that there exists a feedback controller which stabilizes and regulates a distributed parameter system. From a practical and applicable point of view, a design procedure of a servomechanism in presented which can be realized in “finite-dimensional” theories and techniques for a “infinite-dimensional” distributed parmeter system. In the design procedure it is nec essary to construct a finite-dimensional observer in order to estimate the system state from measurement data. Some numerical examples are also presented to show the effectiveness of the design procedure.View full abstractDownload PDF (734K) -
Takehisa ONISAWA, Michio SUGENO, Toshio NISHIOKA, Eiichi OKADA1982 Volume 18 Issue 7 Pages 692-698
Published: July 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper presents an algorithm for the diagnosis of dental diseases based on fuzzy reasoning.
Two relationships between symptoms and diseases are obtained from clinical data by using factor analysis: one is the relation between the symptoms observed and the diseases, and the other is that between the symptoms unobserved and the diseases. These relationships are fuzzily represented by linguistic truth values after the modification by dental experts. The degree of the symptoms observed in a clinic is also represented in terms of linguistic truth values.
The diagnostic results are expressed linguistically according to the degree of inference. If the number of the observed symptoms is not enough to infer, the instructions to inspect more symptoms are given. Further, if the observation of a symptom is doubtful from a fuzzy logical point of view, the algorithm gives a warning to a doctor and/or suggests him to reinspect such and such a symptom. The diagnosis is carried out by a computer for actual data. The rate of accuracy is about 85%.View full abstractDownload PDF (938K) -
Kiyoaki KIKUCHI, Koji OKAMOTO, Akira SUZUKI1982 Volume 18 Issue 7 Pages 699-703
Published: July 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper presents a new method for the cut-off frequency measurement of a picoammeter. The discharged current flows through the recommended picoammeter, when the charged condenser in constant voltage is connected to the picoammeter under test. The output voltage during the discharging process is amplified by use of a logalithmic amplifier, and displayed on the C.R.T. A reading of the cut-off frequency provides by the template, which is attached on a C.R.T. oscilloscope. The cut-off frequency can be measured in the range of 0.01Hz∼10kHz with conventional C.R.T, oscilloscope. The method has errors less than 10%.View full abstractDownload PDF (599K) -
Susumu HATTORI, Fumihiro SAKUMA1982 Volume 18 Issue 7 Pages 704-709
Published: July 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this paper, a characteristic equation to show the characteristics of narrow-band radiation thermometers in the wide temperature range is investigated.
The characteristic equation is written as follows
V=Cexp(-c2/AT+B)
where V is the output signal voltage of the radiation thermometer, T is the temperature to be measured, c2=0.014388m·K and A, B and C are coeffcients intrinsic to the radiation thermometer. The equation can be transformed as follows
T=c2/A/lnC-lnV-B/A
or
aT·lnV+b·lnV+c=T,
A=ac2/(b/a+c), B=bA/a, C=exp(l/a),
The coefficients A, B and C can easily be calculated from the measured values by the least square meathod and then the temperature can directly be obtained from the output signal voltage.
When the radiation thermometer with the measuring wavelength of 0.9μm is calibrated by blackbodies at three freezing points Al, Ag and Cu with high accuracy, and when the detector sensitivity is linear, a temperature scale with accuracy of ±0.1K shall be given by the equation. In this case, the measuring wavelength width of the radiation thermometer as wide as 90nm is permitted. Such goodness of fit of the characteristic equation are discussed to three radiation thermometers of measuring wavelengths 4, 0.9 and 0.65μm.View full abstractDownload PDF (741K) -
Kyoichi IKEDA1982 Volume 18 Issue 7 Pages 710-715
Published: July 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA new technique for a mechanical resonator self-oscillating at its multiple natural frequencies has been developed. This technique has been applied for vibrating cylinder pressure transducers to eliminate temperature coefficient and influences of fluid density, cylinder surface contamination and elastic relaxation.
In this article it has been cleared that the pressure sensitivity of natural frequency is a function of vibrating mode numbers and the shape of cylinder, but the temperature sensitivity is independent of vibrating mode numbers. Then two vibrating modes have been selected. One of them is the most sensitive and the other is the least sensitive for pressure. An adequate function consisting of these two frequecies has high sensitivity for pressure but very low sensitivity for temperature, fluid density, cylinder surface contamination and elastic relaxation.
The system of pressure transducer consists of a cylinder pressure sensor, a frequency counter and a micro-computer. The microcomputer calculates the values of measuring pressure from the function of the two natural frequencies.
The accuracy of this pressure transducer is less than 0.01% F.S.View full abstractDownload PDF (1408K) -
Takashi OMORI, Iwao MORISHIMA1982 Volume 18 Issue 7 Pages 716-722
Published: July 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper presents a new stereoscopic three dimensional object detection method which uses stereoscopic image seen from more than three viewpoints, which we call Multiview Stereo Imagges (M.S.I.). Stereoscopic images are often used for the measurement of position and shape of three-dimensional object. In measurement of three-dimensional objects by stereoscopic images, by means of triangulation, we can easily calculate the three dimensional position of the object if we know the position of images of the same object in the left eye and in the right one, which we call the Corresponding Points. A few methods such as a method which uses correlation coefficient and that which uses Dynamic Programing were proposed for detecting corresponding points. But satisfactory result was not obtained because of their vast calculation amount, of repeatedly appearing similar patterns and of no corresponding points occured by the change of the images caused by translation of viewpoints. In this paper, the method of corresponding images resolves these problems by means of M.S.I.. First, by the use of the M.S.I., false corresponding points are taken off, next, by the use of optimal pass theory of graph, the optimal correspondence of whole the image is decided. Although this method is defined on one dimensional M.S.I., extension to two dimensional images is easily performed by multiuse of this method.View full abstractDownload PDF (1351K) -
Rapid Restoration Model of Arterial PressureToshi TAKAMORI, Hiroshi HOSOMI, Yoshiki KARIYA, Takuya NAGAI1982 Volume 18 Issue 7 Pages 723-729
Published: July 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper presents a simulation model on the rapid restoration of arterial pressure, which is useful for analyzing abnormal blood-pressure drops on the hemorrhagic shock.
In the present model, the compartments considered are a heart-blood vessel system and a nerve center system. The heart-blood vessel system is represented based on electrical equivalent circuits. The nerve center system, which is composed of a carotid sinus baroreflex system, a vagally-mediated system and a facilitatory interacting system, is represented based on several control elements such as a first-order element, a dead time element and a saturation element.
In order to verify availabilities of the present model, some calculation results of simulation are examined by the experimental results of arterial pressure response within 1∼2 minutes after a quick mild 10% hemorrhage on conscious dogs The result of examination is as follows:
(1) The characteristics of static response coincide well with the experimental results.
(2) The characteristics of dynamic response do not coincide well with those of the experiment. This is because of difficulties of the determination of some parameters on the carotid sinus baroreflex system.View full abstractDownload PDF (937K) -
Masatoshi ISHIKAWA, Makoto SHIMOJO1982 Volume 18 Issue 7 Pages 730-735
Published: July 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA method for measuring the center position of the two dimensional distributed load is proposed and the basic experimental results for its verification are shown.
The sensor used in this method is constructed of pressure-conductive rubber whose registance per unit area varies with the distributed load, a pair of conductive materials which contact with each surface of the rubber, two pair of metal electrodes which are positioned at each edge of the conductive materials and some electric circuits for the voltage operation of the electrodes.
In this paper, it is shown that this sensor can concurrently detect two available values that are the center position of the two dimensional distributed load on the surface of the sensor by specifying the orthogonal cuvilinear coordinates and the total load of the distribution. This paper also shows that according to the characteristics of pressure-conductive rubber, these values have various meanings. Finally, this method is verified by the basic experiment.
By this method, the value of each point of the distribution can not be measured, but this method has advantages that (1) as the distribution is not digitized, the sensor, can deal with the small range of the distribution, (2) the low cost sensor is realized and (3) the sensor can take any three dimensional surface.
This sensor can be applicable to the measurement of the center of gravity on the sole of a foot, the codeless pen tablet for the computer input and the tactile sensor of robots.View full abstractDownload PDF (791K) -
Osamu OYAMA, Masakazu HARADA1982 Volume 18 Issue 7 Pages 736-740
Published: July 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA new type pneumatic delay element was developed to realize high reproducibility and high accuracy. The reproducibility is calculated to be better than ±0.025% of delay time, comparing with restrictor and constant volume capacitor combination of ±5 to 7% error. The error of ±0.08 to 0.14% was realized for 1 to 3s delay with 47cm3 and 97.5cm3 chambers.
The elements are designed to combine a chamber with films and a back pressure sensor. A film is installed to make a similar shape to the chamber. One side of the chamber is divided by a flat film with bleed holes. The film approached to the sensor after predetermined time, and delayed signal is emitted. Input signals generated by a solenoid operated valve give higher accuracy that by fluidic devices. Static and dynamic characteristics affecting the accuracy are investigated.View full abstractDownload PDF (711K) -
In the Case of Using a Short Flat WallIchiro KIMURA, Masatada YONEMOCHI, Norihide KOMATSU1982 Volume 18 Issue 7 Pages 741-746
Published: July 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this paper, as the first necessary step towards practical application, the effects of sound on the reattachment of water jets to a short flat wall are experimentally investigated on the basis of the fundamental characteristics of two-dimensional water jets sensitive to sound and are compared with those of the case of a curved wall shown in a previous paper. In addition, the transient response of the test device with a receiver located in the jets, is examined by using sound as a control input in order to discuss the possibility of applying the phenomena of the reattached jets to fluidics. Besides, the reattachment phenomena of water jets affected by sound are considered from the statistical inference of the response time.
The following facts are confirmed:
1) A short flat wall gives fundamentally three phenomena of reattached jets sensitive to sound as well as a curved wall does.
Contrary to the case of the curved wall, however, even a separated jet is affected strongly by the flat wall and a reattached jet doesn't run on the wall because the jet locks on to the termination of the wall.
2) The dynamic behaviour of a reattached jet affected by sound are related to the formation of low pressure bubble region, the irregularity of fluctuations in the jets, and the stability of reattachment.
Especially, the process that a reattached jet separates from the short flat wall by sound signal and changes into a separated jet, is random.View full abstractDownload PDF (1446K) -
Hiroshi KASHIWAGI, Tetsuya UCHIMURA1982 Volume 18 Issue 7 Pages 747-750
Published: July 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA new and simple method is described for obtaining several primitive pentanomials over GF (2) from primitive trinomials of the same order.
It is shown that for a given n-th order primitive trinomial
f(x)=xn+xp+1
we can easily obtain some of the primitive pentanomials of n-th order, if there exists an integer r such that for s=2m+1 (m: integer),
(1) p=rs or (2) n=rs or (3) n-p=rs.
All the primitive pentanomials of up to 1, 000 degree obtained by this method are shown in the table.View full abstractDownload PDF (440K) -
Yasuhiko MUTOH, Kunihiko ICHIKAWA1982 Volume 18 Issue 7 Pages 751-753
Published: July 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (312K)
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