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Volume 23, Issue 1
Displaying 1-18 of 18 articles from this issue
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Yoshio KANO, Shinya HASEBE, Toshiki SHIMAMURA, Shu FUNADA1987 Volume 23 Issue 1 Pages 1-4
Published: January 30, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt is very important to measure growth of root for analyzing its biological physiology and growth mechanism. Then there are some reports about measurment of root growth, but it is very difficult to detect the root system in the ground. One method of them is the Glass Faced Profile Wall Method that detects it in sight, and their method are difficult to measure automatically.
Then it is tried to measure the root system by electric method which uses conductivity meter. The conductivity meter which uses the four electrodes method are developed for measurment of the root system as it does not exert influence on the seepage flow of water in the soil. The four conductivity meter that use four hundle-type electrodes are set up in the direction of depth and are able to measure of root growth in the same direction.View full abstractDownload PDF (509K) -
Norihide YAMADA, Sadao FUJIMURA, Hiromichi TOYOTA1987 Volume 23 Issue 1 Pages 5-10
Published: January 30, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to determine the true temperature of an object from the radiance temperature, correction for emissivity must be made. The area which corresponds to the field of view (FOV) of a radiation thermometer often includes two or more kinds of material. Then we have to know what kinds of material exist in the area and how large partition of the area is occupied by each of them.
In this paper we propose a method to determine the net radiance and the true temperature of the area.
Firstly, we determine the kinds of material in the area and the partition of the area occupied by each of them from the multispectral reflectance. Using these values of the partition, secondly we remove the effect of the radiation from environment reflected by the object. They enable us to correct the radiance temperature to obtain the true temperature of the object.
The basic idea of this method is that the total incident power into the thermometer is described by the linear sum of the contributions from each part of the area. The sum of the products of the radiance and the partition of each material in the area gives us the radiance of the area.View full abstractDownload PDF (740K) -
Yoshikazu IIKURA, Yasuhiro SASANO, Hiroshi SHIMIZU1987 Volume 23 Issue 1 Pages 11-15
Published: January 30, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to evaluate spacial stuructures of atmosphere from laser radar data, the location of target area must be accurately positioned. But, the usual method of positioning has a couple of error factors, such as earth curvature, laser beam refraction and change of light velocity. Although the influences of these factors can be treated theoretically based on the light ray equation, the numerical integration included in the calculation of accurate positioning has come into question in practice.
In this paper, a practical method for accurate positioning is proposed. The proposed method utilizes the simplified relations between the accurate positioning and the usual positioning based on the results of numerical calculations. The accuracy of the proposed method is also considered. In addition, the laser radar data with different elevation angles are analyzed to demonstrate the importance of accurate positioning.View full abstractDownload PDF (645K) -
Yoshikazu IIKURA, Yasuhiro SASANO, Hiroshi SHIMIZU1987 Volume 23 Issue 1 Pages 16-20
Published: January 30, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe calibration of laser radar signals required for determining the backscattering coefficents of stratospheric aerosol has been performed by matching the range corrected signals to the Rayleigh backscattering coefficients at the upper stratosphere. But, little attention has been paid to the accuracies of calibrated signals in spite of the many error factors in the measurement and the data analysis.
This paper proposes a new method for matching the measured and simulated signals statistically by the use of the laser radar equation with a systematic error component. The regression analysis is applicable in this method, and the standard deviation of residuals can be estimated in addition to the linear calibration. The standard deviation can be utilized to compare the various processing of laser radar signals, such as the selection of training range of the matching method.View full abstractDownload PDF (727K) -
Ikuro IIMURA, Norio GOTO, Hiroshi HATANAKA1987 Volume 23 Issue 1 Pages 21-26
Published: January 30, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe resistance R and the inertance L of a short-tube orifice without through-flow have been measured indirectly from the pressure signal transfer across the orifice installed in a 130m long tube of 8mm ID. The orifices tested are 0.5, 1, 2mm dia. and their length to diameter ratio l/d covers 0.25 to 4.
Nonlinear effect on R is proportional to (vm/ω)/l and inversely to √ν/ω/d, where vm/ω is the displacement amplitude or “stuck” length of vibrating fluid column within the orifice, and √ν/ω is the thickness of dynamic boundary layer (vm: velocity amplitude, ω: angular frequency, ν: kinematic viscocity). Decrease of L with the amplitude may be well explained by the end-correction modified with the stuck length.
Both data of R and L for smaller orifices (0.5, 1mm dia.) are plotted most compactly by use of general formed tube impedance. Thus, for l/d greater than about unity, an orifice should be considered as a transmission line connected with a nonliner impedance rather than as a knife-edged orifice.View full abstractDownload PDF (681K) -
Yoshinori KAWASAKI, Akira INOUE, Zenta IWAI, Shuji SONODA, Hidekatsu T ...1987 Volume 23 Issue 1 Pages 27-34
Published: January 30, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper proposes a design scheme of a model reference adaptive control system (MRACS) using relay elements for single-input single-output linear systems. So far, many papers have been reported concerning MRACS. However, we still do not have “good” parameter adjusting law from the practical view point. For example, an adjusting law with simple structure has extremely bad converging properties and a good converging adaptive law is very complex. The aim of the proposal of MRACS method using relay elements is to improve these situations. The method essentially depends on the characteristics of the relay control systems, which have fast responses and simple structures.
The scheme proposed here uses relay elements to generate the identifying error signal and input signal. The advantage is that the scheme does not necessarily require a priori knowledge of the range of unknown parameters. In addition, the proposed system has the robust performance to the presence of external disturbances.
The boundedness of signals and convergence of the output error are proved. Computer simulation results are presented to illustrate the effect of this design method in Chapter 4.View full abstractDownload PDF (927K) -
Hiroshi YOSHIDA1987 Volume 23 Issue 1 Pages 35-40
Published: January 30, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe FTSC (Finite Time Settling Control) algorithm previously developed by Y. Takahashi and M. Tomizuka has the following advantages;
(1) The parameters of the process model may be easily obtained by measuring the S-shaped step responses typical in many industrial processes.
(2) The off-line computation of the control parameters and the on-line control operations are very simple.
(3) The control algorithm may be implemented by utilizing the microcomputers.
Furthermore this FTSC algorithm has been put to some practical uses. However, it is known that an extensive overshoot is generated which is called a ‘wind-up phenomenon’ caused by the saturation of the control inputs where integral action is contained in the feedback control system. Y. Takahashi and M. Tomizuka pointed out that FTSC algorithm with a first-order (or one-step) softening filter is effective to diminish these overshoots. But the optimal determination of the filter parameter was not discussed in detail. Thus, in this paper a new design method is proposed to determine optimally the parameters of the softening filters as follows;
(1) The first-order filter is extended to an L-th order filter.
(2) The parameters of the filter are adjusted so as to minimize the settling time under the amplitude limitations of the control inputs.
The proposed method here may be considered as a practical and effective one to improve the extensive overshoots of the output responses in the FTSC systems.View full abstractDownload PDF (606K) -
Morio TAKAHAMA, Takashi KIMURA, Ryozaburo TAGAWA1987 Volume 23 Issue 1 Pages 41-47
Published: January 30, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA New method is proposed to design a robust flight control system which is low-sensitve and robust stable.
The method is applied to design a control augumentation system (CAS) for the longitudinal flight control system of a typical small aircraft.
In an earlier paper the authors proposed a method to design a low-sensitive flight control system. The design method proposed here makes the closed-loop system robust stable against high frequency disturbances while being low-sensitive to certain class of the plant parameter variations.
In this paper, the class of plant parameter variation is examined from the flight dynamics. Then the robust flight control system design is performed to the above class of the plant parameter variation.View full abstractDownload PDF (722K) -
Yuzo OKA, Yajiro MORITA1987 Volume 23 Issue 1 Pages 48-53
Published: January 30, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper deals with the individual subjectivity reflecting one's personality. The authors consider that the resulting contradiction of human judgment appearing in evaluation (e.g. paired-comparison by an individual person) does not represent the difference from the standard but the individual subjectivity reflecting one's personality. Such a contradiction in paired-comparison is defined as a cycle. Usually a cycle represents an opinion of an individual person. But it is also possible to consider that a cycle contains more than one opinion.
This paper states that a cycle can be treated the individual subjectivity reflecting one's personality by the fundamental pattern and the pseudo-interval order from the view point of decision making.View full abstractDownload PDF (902K) -
Hiroyuki TAMURA, Yoshihiro MORI, Yutaka NAKAMURA1987 Volume 23 Issue 1 Pages 54-59
Published: January 30, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this paper is to find a descriptive model to account for various paradoxes which violate the von Neumann-Morgenstern expected utility theory. Extending the prospect theory of Kahneman-Tversky we propose a measurable value function under risk which is a two-variable-function of consequence and probability. This function is described either as the product form of a weighting function for probability and a conditional value function or as the product form of a value function and a conditional weighting function for probability. In this model the conditional value function describes the strength-of-preference for outcome under the given conditional level of probability, and the conditional weighting function decribes the strength-of-preference for probability under the given conditional level of outcome.
The descriptive model proposed in this paper could properly. account for Allais paradox (certainty effect), reference effect, and the phenomena of insurance and gambling. If we eliminated the risky situations from our model, we could obtain the conventional model of measurable value function under certainty as a special case.View full abstractDownload PDF (746K) -
Toshiro TERANO, Shigehiro MASUI, Yujiro MURAYAMA, Noboru AKIYAMA1987 Volume 23 Issue 1 Pages 60-65
Published: January 30, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe reliability of human is so complicated that its modeling is very difficult. Since the usual probablistic model is only effective for simple physical job, more precise model is required to analyze or to evaluate the human reliability. Because cognition and judgment are now the major task of man. In this paper, many factors on which human reliability depends are aggregated into four parameters, that is, “job load”, “ability”, “stress”, and “concentration allocation”. The relations among these parameters are represented by a combination of structural model and fuzzy set model. This is very useful not only for the logical calculation but also for the expression of uncertainty. Usually these models are considered not adequate for the engineering use, because these are too much conceptual and qualitative. However, we verify, in this paper, the exactness of structure, and identify the characteristics of all the elements concretely through many experiments such as “one person-multi jobs”, “multi persons-one job” and “multi persons-multi jobs”. Therefore, this model is considered to be enough objective and can be utilized conveniently for the analysis of man-machine systems.View full abstractDownload PDF (842K) -
Yutaka NAKAMURA, Itsuo HATONO, Hiroyuki TAMURA1987 Volume 23 Issue 1 Pages 66-71
Published: January 30, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper deals with a scheduling problem of a flexible manufacturing system (FMS) based on a knowledge engineering approach. To cope with the computational complexity of scheduling problems we apply a simulation method using a timed Petri net, where FMS is modelled as a discrete event system. When some part types can be processed in a machine, a priority rule is applied to select one part type to be processed. For obtaining an efficient schedule of FMS we construct a rule base to generate an appropriate priority rule in our simulation process.View full abstractDownload PDF (723K) -
Yasuaki NAKAMURA, Shigeru ABE, Shoichi TAKEDA1987 Volume 23 Issue 1 Pages 72-78
Published: January 30, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSComplementary-places Petri Nets (CPNs) are proposed as modeling and analysis tools for discrete event systems. A CPN is composed of complementary pairs of places, transitions which have an incoming arc from one side of a pair and an outgoing arc to the other, and permissive arcs.
In CPNs, deadlocks and traps are found as specific sub-structures of a net. A new method (FIMS-tree) for the reachability problem is developed for CPNs. The FIMS-tree can be created by repeating the process to detect these sub-structures. The FIMS-tree represents the backward reachability set, which is the set of markings reachable to a given goal marking.
The advantages of the method over the reachability tree algorithm are:
(1) The backward reachability set can be obtained as a logical expression;
(2) A firing sequence from any initial marking to the goal marking can be found without a backtracking process;
(3) And the firing count is, at most, the number of the levels of the FIMS-tree for any initial marking.
The necessary and sufficient condition for the reachability to any goal marking from any initial marking is derived from the property of the FIMS-tree.
As a practical example, a part of a power plant is modeled by CPNs. Then, using the FIMS-tree, it is proved that dangerous states are not reachable from an initial state, and that the initial state is reachable from any state.View full abstractDownload PDF (931K) -
Model of Tendofemoral and Ligamentoustibial Contacts at Large Angles of Knee FlexionShunji HIROKAWA1987 Volume 23 Issue 1 Pages 79-85
Published: January 30, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn a series of this research, there have been already introduced the simulated analytical results on the femoropatellar joint desease and operation, using the three-dimensional kinematic model.
However, the above model is inapplicable owing to muscular geometric nonlinearities in such a condition at large angles of the knee flexion that the rectus femoris tendon wrapps around the femoral groove.
So, in this paper, the model of tendofemoral contacting and ligamentoustibial contacting was presented, using the theory of geodestic line in the differential geometry. Then, the simulated computer analysis was performed.
Typical results through the simulation are as follows:
Rotating angles of the patella on the three dimensional axes are relatively small, because the patella is engaged in the femoral intercondylar fossa.
The magnitude of femoropatellar joint reaction forces on medial and lateral sides indicate nearly equal, and diminish gradually as the knee flexion proceed.
Patella ligament tensile force is reduced to about 85% of rectus femoris contracting force.View full abstractDownload PDF (863K) -
Do Hwan RHO, Tomio YAMAURA, Akira KOBAYASHI1987 Volume 23 Issue 1 Pages 86-88
Published: January 30, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (335K) -
Improvement of the Noise Detection AlgorithmMasahiko MORITA, Hiroshi HANAIZUMI, Sadao FUJIMURA, Hiroe TSUBAKI1987 Volume 23 Issue 1 Pages 89-91
Published: January 30, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1241K) -
Kintaro NISHIMURA1987 Volume 23 Issue 1 Pages 92-93
Published: January 30, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (233K) -
Kenji HIRANUMA, Michio KONO1987 Volume 23 Issue 1 Pages 94-96
Published: January 30, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (290K)
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