As the science has made progress, the high quality synchrotron radiation source is requested. The light has to be produced by the huge accelerator which has the high performance. However, the accelerator has many disturbances which are hard to be measured, and it is difficult to provide the ideal performance. At the Linac, the power of acceleration fluctuate greatly by the factor such as a room temperature, and it influences the electron beam performance. To measure this fluctuation, we must inquire into the factor. So, we have developed a new energy fluctuation measurement system. Whenever the parameter is adjusted, the beam profile is checked on a screen monitor which is made with alumina-ceramic (Desmarquest AF995R). Because, this monitor gives us many real-time beam information. Therefore we design the measurement system of energy fluctuation which use the monitors. This system has achieved a high resolution of 0.316 (MeV/pixel).

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This paper describes the study on diagnostic algorithm of pneumatic control valve, which is one of the final control elements in process control. In order to diagnose operating characteristics of pneumatic control valve in process by measuring actuator pressure and valve stem displacement, it is necessary to reconsider stem thrust model. So we consider the model which is available for online diagnosis based on experiment.
In this paper we show the stem thrust model which was obtained in this study and experimental results of the diagnostic algorithm using the stem thrust model. And additionally we show the algorithm for detection of the abnormal operating condition caused by stick-slip which cannot be detected using the stem thrust model.

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A system was developed to measure ankle joint viscoelasticity of human in upright posture as well as stretch reflex gain using step perturbation. The viscoelasticity was identified with the transient response before the onset of the stretch reflex, and the reflex gain was identified with the response after the visoelastic torque was subtracted. The role distribution among ankle joint viscoelasticity, stretch reflex and postural control system have been discussed using an inverted pendulum model and the identified parameters. It was revealed that the stretch reflex is inhibited in single-leg standing while the viscoelasticity and the postural control system increase their role in postural stability.

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This paper reports on a new measuring principle and measurement accuracy of FM ultrasonic flowmeter which utilizes the elimination method of FM components to detect the phase difference between the transmitter carrier signal and the FM eliminated received signal. FM ultrasonic signal is used for the field stabilization, and examination experiments for the stabilization of the FM sound fields in a measuring pipe are also reported. The stabilization method is the one similar to the so-called warbletone that is used in the indoor measurement of the sound pressure. The proposed measuring method is higher in sensitivity than the method to detect the modulated signal component because the flow rate is measured by the central frequency (say, 183kHz) component of FM ultrasonic. To eliminate FM components with simple electronic circuits that can eliminate FM components in accordance with change of modulation has such advantage that there is no restriction on the modulation index. Next, it is specified through an experiment that the FM ultrasonic gives the sound wave stabilized for the measurement in a pipe because of decreasing in standing wave ratio. The resultant accuracy was good (error: about±1%) for a small flow rate. Therefore, it can be concluded that the present FM ultrasonic flowmeter is with sufficient stability and high sensitivity.

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This trial viscometer is a movable capillary tube one measuring not pressure diffence but torque. The measuring principle is based on Hagen-Poiseuille's law and conservation of angular momentum. The relative viscosity of liquid may be obtained from measuring only torque by use of the constant flow rate device.

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This study is aiming at developing a new method of compensation for base vibrations in a weighing system. The weighing system with compensation consists of a beam-type loadcell scale and several compensating bodies with the same loadcells. The output signal of the weighing loadcell, namely weighing signal, is composed of a signal due to the mass to be measured and a noise due to the base vibrations. This report deals with a design problem of the computational circuit in which a compensating signal to eliminate the noise from the weighing signal can be generated. The results obtained in this study are as follows: 1) A new compensation method is developed, which can be applied to six-degree-of-freedom base vibrations of arbitrary waveform. A clear theoretical conclusion is made on the arrangement of loadcells and the computational circuit configuration in the compensating system. 2) The effectiveness of the compensating system is verified by the experiments of measuring mass under two kinds of base vibrations. The experimental result shows extremely high accuracy as can be obtained in the system with compensation, as compared with the system without compensation. 3) Through the above verification process, it is found that the compensation method gives a solution to the low frequency base vibration problem which is difficult to solve by an ordinary filtering technique.

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A vortex shedding flowmeter is widely used for measurements of various fluids in many fields of industry because of its numerous advantages, such as wide rangeability, long term reliability and low maintenance cost. Today, vortex flowmeters of various designs are manufactured by many companies in the world although the flowmeter design is not specified in the present industrial standards. The research project presented in this paper consists of a series of experimental studies and its objective is to develop a new design of a vortex shedding flowmeter, which can be used without any calibration using the actual fluid. This paper describes the first result of the project, i.e. optimization of the flowmeter design and determination of the measurement uncertainty. First, four of the bluff body dimensions were selected and optimized through series of systematic experiments so that the Strouhal number was least dependent on the Reynolds number. Next, the optimized design has been applied to flowmeters with inner diameters from 100mm to 400mm. These flowmeters were calibrated and the Strouhal number was precisely determined. Finally, a new method to calculate the uncertainty of the Strouhal number from the dimensional deviations of the parts of the flowmeter was developed experimentally and analytically. This project has been carried out by National Research Laboratory of Metrology and 10 collaborating companies in Japan. The results shown in this report are obviously very important for future standardization of a vortex flowmeter and for improvement of the accuracy in flow measurement in the world.

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In this paper we study the linear quadratic Nash Game strategies for a singularly perturbed systems. In order to obtain the optimal closed loop strategies, we must solve the cross-coupled generalized algebraic Riccati equations with small parameter ε. The main results in this paper is to propose a new recursive algorithm by making use of a Lyapunov iterations. Using a Lyapunov iterations and the recursive algorithm, we show that the solution of the cross-coupled generalized algebraic Riccati equations converges to a positive semi-definite solutions with the rate of convergence of O(ε^k+1) where k is a iteration number of recursive algorithm. Furthermore, in order to show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms, numerical examples are included.

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The kip is a fundamental gymnastic movement performed on a variety of gymnastic apparatuses at all levels of competition. We analyze the kip with a pendulum and 3-link model. Our simulations have shown that a variable length pendulum model is sufficient for modeling the dynamics of an expert gymnast's center-of-mass without considering the complex parameters of the 3-link model. The optimized pendulum model can generate center of mass pattern variations which yield a midpoint target region of success. We then evaluate kip patterns based on the center-of-mass and the characteristic movements of the 3-link model. A comparision of the 3-link modeled kip motion with that of the expert gymnast verifies significant characteristics of performing the kip. Based on these results, we propose a coaching system which gives the novice basic and detailed coaching information. An example shows how the novice evaluates each attempt using this information and learns how to perform the kip successfully.

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Reinforcement learning alogrithms can be classified into two approaches. One is “exploitation-oriented” approach which attempts to acquire action rules mainly by reinforcing and relying on good experiences, and the other is “exploration-oriented” approach which pursuits the optimality of actions to receive highest rewards by exploring the environment. In this paper, we propose Q-PSP Learning method which incorporates the the idea of PSP (Profit Sharing Plan) used in Classifier System as “exploitation-oriented” reinforcement learning into Q-Learning as “exploration-oriented” reinforcement learning in order to take the merits of these two approaches. Through applying the Q-PSP Learning to several control problems and a robot navigation problem, it will be shown that not only the speed up of learning but also effectiveness for complex problems can be expected and that an appropriate balance between exploration and exploitation can be attained in Q-PSP Learning.

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The Hidden Markov Model (HMM) has been used for speech recognition, but there is not effective method for deciding the HMM structure to raise the recognition rate. This paper proposes a new method to search the optimum structure of HMM by genetic algorithms (GA) automatically. In order to carry out the searching operations by GA, the genotype is expressed by the HMM matrix, and the methods for the crossover, the mutation are also discussed. The concept of time normalization is defined for preventing the occurrence of lethal genotypes, and the concept of time slot is used to decide the initial parameters for starting the GA operations. The results of experiments show that the recognition rate is greatly improved from 65% to 91.5% when inputting speech data for recognition to the optimum HMM searched by GA.

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This paper deals with identical parallel machine scheduling problems with two kinds of objective functions, i.e., both regular and non-regular objective functions, and proposes a genetic algorithm approach in which (a) the sequence of jobs on each machine as well as the assignment of jobs to machines are determined directly by referring to a string (genotype), and then (b) the start time of each job is fixed by solving the linear programming problem. As for (b), we newly introduce a method of representing the problem to determine the start time of each job as a linear programming problem whose objective function is formed as a weighted sum of the original multiple objective functions. This method enables to generate a lot of potential schedules. Moreover, through computational experiments by using our genetic algorithm approach, the effectiveness for generating a variety of Pareto-optimal schedules is investigated.

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When we reach out our hand to a visual target, we transform the position of a visual target (external coordinates) into a proprioceptive internal space (kinematic and dynamic coordinates). In order to investigate this transformation, we designed two tasks; i.e., VV task and VP task (V: visual, P: proprioceptive). In both tasks, two visual targets were indexed to subjects who were required to indicate the midpoint of the visual targets. In the VV task, subjects indicated the midpoint using a visual pointer. In the VP task, subjects indicated the midpoint with a finger using only proprioceptive information. In the VV task, all subjects were able to exactly indicate the midpoint. Averaged discrepancies between a geometric midpoint and the pointed midpoint in the VP task was about 8 times greater than that in the VV task. But, the transformation of the coordinates from vision to proprioception could be approximated using an affine matrix and maintained the linearity of the transformation.

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This paper reports a system to track a moving object and recover its 3D shape in real time. When a camera follows the object by fixing a point at the image center, the obtained images are just equivalent to those obtained when the object rotates around the point. Then, we can recover its 3D shape from the optical flows of the object points other than the fixed point. Based on this principle, we constructed a real time system by using a pan-tilt camera and a parallel processing unit. 256 PE's in the parallel processing unit overcome the computation costs of the optical flows by effectively rearranging the image data within them, and achieve the total computation from image input to 3D reconstruction within video-frame interval (33ms).

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Patterns in the nature often emerge on assembly of many homogeneous subsystems, and are characterized as stationary relationship among subsystem's states. In many cases, subsystem interactions are local, while patterns are defined throughout the system as a global order. From the engineering point of view, how to achieve a desired global relation with local interactions is a problem to solve for system decentralization. Under this background, Yuasa and Ito (1989) proposed a pattern formation theory in autonomous decentralized system based on the gradient dynamics. In this paper, we extend their method to treat adaptability that autonomous decentralized system is expected to possess. Our concept on adaptation is to decrease subsystem interaction by changing interaction method, which is also based on the gradient dynamics.

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A non-linear thickness measurement model, which is based on a gamma-ray transmission technique and applied for a gamma-ray thickness gauge, has been proposed. Its performance has been evaluated by experiments using a real ¹³⁷Cs thickness gauge installed at heavy plate mills in the steel industry and the calculated results with the proposed model have agreed well with the experimental values.

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This paper describes a visualization technique by dynamic image processing. Air blown into a vortex whistle was visualized with feathers by mean of a high-speed camera and dynamic image processing was carried out in order to:
1) investigate frequency distribution
2) determine the direction of air flow

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