A new device is proposed for measuring human body volume. The device consists of two chambers: a reference chamber of known volume and a measuring chamber in which a subject is seated. The nominal total volume of the subject, the substantial body volume plus the volume of the lungs, is measured by an acoustic method which was proposed previously by the authors. While the lung volume is calculated based on Boyle's law from the change due to a puff in the volume and the pressure of the subject lungs. After the measurement of the nominal total volume about the maximum inspiration the subject is instructed to puff statically against the occluded airway. The rise in the lung pressure is picked up by a pressure transducer and the decrease in the lung volume is measured from that in the nominal total volume. Since a static puff is employed in this method the compression of the gas is isothermal in the subject lungs. Boyle's law, therfore, applies exactly to the change of gas state in the lungs, as is not the case in conventional plethysmographic methods utilizing a panting. An experimental apparatus was built and the proposed method was verified by several model experiments. The scope of future works to embody the method is also discussed.

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In a 3-phase power supply, analysis of a 3-phase spectrum can be done using a conventional single-phase spectral analyzing method. However, precise analysis of the 3-phase spectrum is difficult by the conventional analyzing method. For instance, the conventional single-phase analytic method cannot distingish between positive-phase-sequence and negative-phase-sequence in the 3-phase power supply. To solve above problem, this paper proposes a novel analytic method on a low-pass filter using rotating coordinate transformations. The proposed analytic method is quite effective for anlysis of the 3-phase spectrum.

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A novel tapping stylus for surface topographical measurements by using a PVDF (Polyvinilidene Fluoride) bimorph has been developed. The bimorph works as a driving mechnism of the stylus as well as a sensor for the tapping condition. As it detects the distance from the surface, a sensing system of the surface topographic information can be constructed with an x-y piezodriven scanner just like other SPMs. Measurement time is improved to 1/5 of that of quartz stylus, and a measurement repeatability of 0.016μm is obtained.

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Knowing the temperature inside boilers is important to control fuel injections efficiently. To measure the temperature, methods such as ones using a thermocouple and a radiation thermometer have been adopted. But, the former has a difficulty in its durability and the latter applicable only for measuring the temperature near the wall. Different from these, recently the technique of CT (computed tomography) has been well known and become to be applied to the measurement of the temperature. This is because it enables a high level measurement of the temperature, i.e., the measurement of the temperature distribution. But, a step-wise approximation of the distribution has been adopted for simplicity.
This paper proposes a new approach representing the distribution as a linear combination of Gaussian functions and a bias, and demonstrates the effectiveness. Furthermore, the optimal sensor location is discussed to improve the measurement accuracy.

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Generally, it is difficult to design a controller for bilinear systems. In this paper, we consider the nonlinear H_∞ control problem, and derive a nonlinear H_∞ state feedback controller. In order to design a nonlinear H_∞ controller, we have to solve, so called, the Hamilton Jacobi Equality or Inequality (HJE). But HJE, which is partial differential inequality (equation), is very difficult to solve. In this paper, we derive the condition to reduce the HJE to the algebraic Riccati Inequality.

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This paper is concerned with the state-space parametrization of all nonlinear stabilizing controllers via detectable kernel representations. We adopt ISS as the operator stability and give the characterization of detectable kernel representations based on it. Then we will give a unified result of Youla parametrization for nonlinear systems which is valid both locally and globally in its state-space realization, while the existing result in conventional input/output approach is valid only in global setting, namely, it is only applicable when a global stabilizing controller and a global state observer are found.

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First finite characterization of a Lyapunov functional equation for state delay systems is proposed. The finite characterization can be computed using a matrix exponential function, while conventional computation has been relied on numerical approximations. Secondly based on the finite characterization, a stability condition for state delay systems with unknown but bounded constant delay is proposed.

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In this paper, we study identical parallel machine scheduling problems with a non-regular objective function, i.e., with the sum of earliness and tardiness penalties. We adopt the decomposition approach, where an original problem is decomposed into three kinds of sub-problems: to determine the assignment of jobs to machines, the sequence of jobs on each machine, and the start time of each job. Then, we construct solution methods of each sub-problems by composing new heuristic procedures as well as adopting meta-heuristic algorithms. Finally, this paper shows the good properties concerning the optimality of the proposed methods by both theoretical and empirical ways.

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In this paper, we present a new scale detection method for transcription using synchronous addition and subtraction (SAS) processing. And we realized a real-time scale detection system based on this SAS method. A musical instrument sound is sampled synchronously by each scale frequency and their sampled values are accumulated by the SAS method. The accumulated value corresponding to the played scale increases monotonously. From this phenomenon we can detect the scale of a played music sound.
First, we show the principle of the frequency detection using the SAS method, which has two algorithms, a basic algorithm and an improved one. Next, we consider the possibility of scale detection in monophony and polyphony sounds, using the SAS method. And we realize a realtime automatic scale detection system using a PC. Last, we demonstrate the scale detection of piccolo, piano and guitar sounds of an electronic keyboard and clarinet sounds played by an amateur.

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The purpose of this paper is to construct a global optimization algorithm of the unknown multimodal objective function under noisy observations. Our algorithm is based on the learning performance of the variable hierarchical structure learning automata, and, in order to reduce the number of iterations, the estimator-type learning algorithm which is the rapdly converging one is used for the learning algorithm of the automata. The numerical experiment is carried out to verify the efficiency of the proposed algorithm, and, from the results, the proposed global optimization algorithm is useful for finding out a global minimum of the unkonwn multimodal objective function under noisy observations.

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Genetic algorithm with sharing (D.E. Goldberg and J. Richardson, 1987) shows that it can restrain from individuals converging to the global minimum and maintain the diversity of the individuals. However, there is room for improvement in the sharing method. In this paper, a new genetic algorithm named Genetic Symbiosis Algorithm (GSA) is proposed to overcome the problems of the conventional method. GSA is based on the symbiosis concept found widely in ecosystems. Simulation studies show that GSA can produce a great variety number of individuals that have each special characteristics.

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This paper discusses a Three Dimensional (3D; 2D in space and 1D in time) trajectory synthesis algorithms for future air traffic control automation. The control automation aims to generate computational advisories that help controllers to produce a safe, efficient and expeditious flow of traffic over the extended terminal area. Trajectories are generated from initial aircraft positions to the fixed way-point or outer marker, depending on the particular route condition of an airport. Time optimal flight path is constructed in the horizontal path. Trajectories are synthesized from straight lines and left turn or right turn arcs with the constant maximum angle of bank by combining twelve types of trajectory depending on the initial position and the initial orientation. Synthesis of the simultaneous plural trajectories with constant speed is discussed aiming to substitute for human controller who plans simultaneously 3D trajectories of eight aircraft at most.

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In this paper, we propose a quantitative evaluation algorithm of task execution by autonomous mobile robots. We have developed a device called “Intelligent Data Carrier (IDC)” which enables local communication and data storage in an environment. Based on simple Malkov model, we propose a function to evaluate effect of layout of the IDCs which provide local map information to autonomous mobile robots. The proposed algorithm arranges a map of environment in which robots works to express robot motions driven by local map information. We realize actual experimetal system of autonomous mobile robot by the IDC system. We verify effectiveness of the proposed algorithm by simulations and experiments.

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This paper is concerned with μ-analysis for discrete-time systems. We derive a necessary and sufficient condition for the discrete-time system to have μ less than a specified value γ by using the Main Loop Theorem and parameter-dependent multipliers. It does not require frequency sweep.

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This paper proves the equivalence of two existing definitions on strictly positive realness under some condition which isclearer than the conventional one and proves the necessary and sufficient conditions on almost strictly positive realness, for discrete-time system.

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