Transactions of the Society of Instrument and Control Engineers
Online ISSN : 1883-8189
Print ISSN : 0453-4654
ISSN-L : 0453-4654
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Volume 47, Issue 1
Displaying 1-12 of 12 articles from this issue
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Special Issue on System Integration for the Next Generation Innovation
Paper
  • Stress Evaluation while Prolonged Driving Operation Using the Facial Skin Temperature
    Hirotoshi ASANO, Takumi MUTO, Hideto IDE
    2011 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages 2-7
    Published: 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: December 19, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9746/sicetr.47.2
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    There is a relation to the accident of a car and the physiological and psychological state of a driver. The stress may lead to the fall of a fatigue or attentiveness. Therefore, it is an important subject from viewpoint such as accident prevention to evaluate the mental state of a driver. The study aimed at the development of a quantitative instrumentation technology of the stress when a subject is driving for a long time. First of all, we measured the physiological and psychological stress of a driver. The facial skin temperature and ventricular rate that was driver's physiological amount were measured and compared it with visual analog scale of the subjective amount. It was able to be obtaining of the high correlation in facial skin temperature and visual analog scale from the outcome of the experiment. Therefore, the possibility of appreciable of driver's stress at a facial skin temperature was shown. As a result of the experiment, we showed a possibility that facial skin temperature could evaluate long driving stress.
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  • Hemiplegic Gait Analysis System Based on Kinematic Analysis of Trunk Trajectory
    Tatsunori NISHI, Yoshiaki WADA, Yoshihiro MIYAKE
    2011 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages 8-16
    Published: 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: December 19, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9746/sicetr.47.8
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    The purpose of this study was to suggest the quantitative evaluation technique of hemiplegic gait and to make a study of its effectiveness. We measured spatial displacement of the back lumbar area (L3) on walking using a triaxial accelerometer. Further, we defined 5 characteristics based on relativeness between idiosyncraticness of hemiplegic gait and feature of kinematics information. In the experiment, the appropriateness of characteristics was estimated from the aspect of the correlation between characteristics and Brunnstrom Stage (BS), and the classification accuracy of BS classification system. The experiment result showed that the characteristics point to intercorrelate with BS. Additionaly, BS classification system could classify with a high degree of accuracy. These results indicated that 5 characteristics were effective in quantitative evaluation of the seriousness of hemiplegic gait and measuring trunk displacement and proposal technique were effective in quantitative evaluation of hemiplegic gait.
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  • A System for Detecting Light Spot Position with Four Phototransistors
    Isaku NAGAI, Keigo WATANABE
    2011 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages 17-24
    Published: 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: December 19, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9746/sicetr.47.17
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    A novel sensing system is proposed for measuring a 2-D position of a laser spot. The sensing system determines the position by calculating voltages of phototransistors behind a screen in a sensor box. There are several advantages of the system, such as a simple sensing box with four phototransistors and a screen, wide incidence angle up to 85°, high-speed measurement of 400Hz, undivided position detection, robustness against background light and large detecting area of 50×50mm2. Some experiments validated the accuracy and the robustness of the position measurement, in which the maximum error of the position was 2mm in various conditions of incidence angle, distance, and illuminance of background light.
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  • A High Sensitivity Bio Photosensor for Detecting a Luciferase Bioluminescence
    Seiji KAMEDA, Yusuke MORIYAMA, Kenichi NODA, Atsushi IWATA
    2011 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages 25-30
    Published: 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: December 19, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9746/sicetr.47.25
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    A high sensitivity CMOS bio photosensor applicable to a bioluminescent assay was developed with a 0.18µm CMOS image sensor (CIS) process. The bio photosensor consisting of a photosensor and a PWM 20bit A/D converter achieved high sensitivity for detecting a extremely low bioluminescence due to a large photodiode area, a long exposure time and the other noise reduction techniques. The bio photosensor chip has a 2×4 sensor array on a 2.45×2.45mm2 die. Experimental results with the bioluminescence showed the chip can detect below 10-5lux luminescence at room temperature and the power consumption is 32µW.
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  • Fast and Adaptive Auto-focusing Microscope
    Takeshi OBARA, Yasunobu IGARASHI, Koichi HASHIMOTO
    2011 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages 31-39
    Published: 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: December 19, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9746/sicetr.47.31
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    Optical microscopes are widely used in biological and medical researches. By using the microscope, we can observe cellular movements including intracellular ions and molecules tagged with fluorescent dyes at a high magnification. However, a freely motile cell easily escapes from a 3D field of view of the typical microscope. Therefore, we propose a novel auto-focusing algorithm and develop a auto-focusing and tracking microscope. XYZ positions of a microscopic stage are feedback controlled to focus and track the cell automatically. A bright-field image is used to estimate a cellular position. XY centroids are used to estimate XY positions of the tracked cell. To estimate Z position, we use a diffraction pattern around the cell membrane. This estimation method is so-called Depth from Diffraction (DFDi). However, this method is not robust for individual differences between cells because the diffraction pattern depends on each cellular shape. Therefore, in this study, we propose a real-time correction of DFDi by using 2D Laplacian of an intracellular area as a goodness of the focus. To evaluate the performance of our developed algorithm and microscope, we auto-focus and track a freely moving paramecium. In this experimental result, the paramecium is auto-focused and kept inside the scope of the microscope during 45s. The evaluated focal error is within 5µm, while a length and a thickness of the paramecium are about 200µm and 50µm, respectively.
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Short Paper
Paper
Control
  • Model Reference Adaptive H∞ Control for a Class of Mixed Parameter Systems by Finite Dimensional Controllers
    Yoshihiko MIYASATO
    2011 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages 43-50
    Published: 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: December 19, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9746/sicetr.47.43
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    The problem of constructing model reference adaptive H∞ control for a class of mixed parameter systems is considered in this manuscript. Mixed parameter systems are complex processes composed of distributed parameter systems (infinite dimensional systems) and lumped parameter systems (finite dimensional systems). Owing to infinite dimensional modes of distributed parameter systems, control of those complex systems via finite dimensional compensators, is a difficult but important problem from both theoretical and practical viewpoints. A stabilizing control signal is added to regulate the effect of infinite dimensional modes, and it is derived as a solution of certain H∞ control problem where the effect of infinite dimensional modes are considered as external disturbances to the process.
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  • Development of an Automatic Endoscope Positioning System based on Biological Fluctuation
    —A Non-model based Algorithm for Automatic Positioning of an Endoscope—
    Yasuo YAMADA, Atsushi NISHIKAWA, Mitsugu SEKIMOTO, Shingo TODA, Shuji ...
    2011 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages 51-60
    Published: 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: December 19, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9746/sicetr.47.51
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    In general endoscopic surgery, the surgeon operates instruments and the camera assistant operates an endoscope. Because of shortage of physicians, there are demands for transition to endoscopic solo surgery. For the purpose of this demand, the automatic endoscope positioning system which operates the endoscope instead of the camera assistant during surgery has been actively researched from home and abroad. Almost research of automatic endoscope positioning system has tried to make a model of camera assistant's endoscopic operation. However, there is no system which has enough performance as compared with the camera assistant. The difficulty of making an accurate model of camera assistant's endoscopic operation is the most significant factor. We propose a bio-inspired automatic endoscope positioning algorithm which is a nonmodel based approach and develop a system which was implemented the proposed algorithm. We assess the surgeon's procedure through gallbladder removal simulations using the automatic endoscope positioning system. We compare an algorithm which has been seen in previously research with the proposed algorithm. We validate the effectivity of the proposed method as compared with the surgeon's procedure.
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  • Analysis of Closed-loop Identification via the Joint Input-output Method and Stochastic Realization
    Hideyuki TANAKA, Sosuke OMURA
    2011 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages 61-69
    Published: 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: December 19, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9746/sicetr.47.61
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    This paper studies closed-loop identification based on the joint input-output method and spectral density functions for finite data. It is well known that the spectral density function is given by stochastic subspace identification methods, where the finite interval stochastic realization is often used for analyzing and guaranteeing the positive realness. In this paper, it is shown how the finite-interval stochastic realization is used for closed loop identification, and moreover how the error due to the finiteness convergences to zero.
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  • Non-exponential Stabilization of Linear Time-invariant Systems by Time-varying Controllers
    Masaki INOUE, Teruyo WADA, Masao IKEDA
    2011 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages 70-78
    Published: 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: December 19, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9746/sicetr.47.70
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    This paper proposes non-exponential stabilization of linear time-invariant systems by linear time-varying controllers. We consider state feedback and dynamic output feedback to make the states of the closed-loop systems decay non-exponentially. We first introduce a non-exponential stability concept that the state of a time-varying system converges to the origin with a bound provided by a desired function. Then, we give non-exponential stabilizability conditions and time-varying controllers to achieve the desired behavior of the closed-loop systems. By the proposed methods, we can realize various non-exponential behaviors, which may improve control performance.
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Short Paper
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