巻号一覧
6 巻 (1970)
- 6 号 p. 483-
- 5 号 p. 385-
- 4 号 p. 289-
- 3 号 p. 195-
- 2 号 p. 97-
- 1 号 p. 1-
6 巻, 3 号
選択された号の論文の16件中1～16を表示しています
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内川 恵三郎, 小林 好夫1970 年 6 巻 3 号 p. 195-200
発行日: 1970年
公開日: 2009/03/27
ジャーナル フリーThis Paper describes a method of determining the deflection of the beam in a precision balance. The inclination of the beam at balancing point is usually evaluated by observing successive turning-points of the beam oscillation. To make automatic and digital readout of the beam deflections, a specially designed grating scale and a photoelectric sensor are incorporated in the scale-mirror optical magnifying system. Output signals of the sensor corresponding to respective graduations at every turning are counted.
The advantage of the method is as follows:
(1) Turning-point readings can be taken without maximum points of the deflection.
(2) A number of observations over a time can be taken automatically.
The experiments show that one count of the pulse corresponding to one division of 0.1mm on the scale or to the deflection angle of 1.3×10-5rad is readily detectable with a reasonably small S/N ratio of photoelectric output.
By reading the pulse signals of the photoelectric output on the chart of an electric recorder, a high precision of 2×10-6rad is attained.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2214K) -
中野 和夫, 吉本 正彦1970 年 6 巻 3 号 p. 201-209
発行日: 1970年
公開日: 2009/03/27
ジャーナル フリーIn studying hydraulic control systems, blood circulation systems and so on, it is well known that the dynamic characteristics of pipe lines transmitting the liquid are very important and should be accurately known. While the dynamic characteristics of liquid lines have been known to a great extent when the pipe wall can be assumed to be elastic, almost nothing is known about the dynamic characteristics when the pipe wall is viscoelastic as with rubber hoses and arteries.
Then it is the object of this paper to derive the transfermatrix of the liquid lines with the viscoelastic pipe wall so that their dynamic responses may be easily obtained with a reasonable accuracy for actual applications.
The viscoelastic pipe wall is simulated by the Voigt models which are distributed along the pipe line in the analysis. In the experiment the so-called high pressure rubber hoses reinforced by the one wire braid are used. The frequency responses are taken, and the results agree well with the theoretical results. It is said in this analysis that the damping constant in the propagation constant of the liquid lines in case of the viscoelastic pipe becomes larger and the wave length constant becomes smaller than the one in the case of the elastic pipe lines. The results obtained in this paper may make it possible to predict correctly the dynamic characteristics of a variety of liquid lines.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1053K) -
鈴木 昭1970 年 6 巻 3 号 p. 210-213
発行日: 1970年
公開日: 2009/03/27
ジャーナル フリーThis article describes the current-to-voltage converter for alternating current and its application to the alternating current electrometer.
The circuit is a 100% nagative feedback amplifier with a C-R coupling circuit incorporated at the input of a conventional impedance converter.
The time constant of the circuit becomes very large by the function of the negative feedback. Therefore, an alternating component in the DC signal current can be measured with the circuit down to an extremely low frequency.
For example, the equivalent time constant is about 12×104 seconds, when the coupling capacity is 5×10-9 farad, the resistance is 1010 ohms and the voltage gain is 2400.
In other words, the low cut-off frequency of the circuit is about 1.4×10-6Hz.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (383K) -
和田 力, 清水 顕1970 年 6 巻 3 号 p. 214-220
発行日: 1970年
公開日: 2009/03/27
ジャーナル フリーSo far, many analyses and experiments of reattaching jet have been carried out for the models without splitter. And the effects of splitter on the jet are not yet sufficiently explained. This fact may prevent the usual analytical results from being applied to the practical fluidic devices with splitter.
Using a large scale model with splitter and one-sided wall (nozzle width=10mm, aspect ratio=3), the reattachment distance, the pressure distributions on the offset and the side walls, and the flow patterns were investigated.
From the experiments the followings were confirmed. There is a critical splitter distance (minimum splitter distance), beyond which the splitter does not affect practically the reattaching jet. The usual analytical results are valid for the device with aspritter distance larger than the critical distance. This distance is not necessarily equal to the distance from the nozzle exit to the point where the jet outer edge intersects the extended nozzle centerline. When the control flow is applied keeping the splitter distance less than 1.25 times the critical distance, the splitter suppresses the increasing of the jet radius of curvature and damps the bubble pressure rise. However, when the splitter distance becomes more than 1.5 times the critical distance, the reattaching jet is scarecely affected by the splitter. Therefore, the usual analysis for such device may give some practical results, even if the existence of splitter is neglected.
These results obtained with the one-sided wall are applicable to the usual wall reattachment fluidic device with a considerably large offset on the unattached side of the jet.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (780K) -
小畑 秀文, 磯部 孝1970 年 6 巻 3 号 p. 221-227
発行日: 1970年
公開日: 2009/03/27
ジャーナル フリーThis paper describes a study on the adaptive response characteristics of a human operator to step changes in the dynamics of a compensatory tracking system.
It is already known that the human operator can adapt himself quickly to a change in the dynamics. The process of adaptation has not, however, been investigated in detail because the adaptation takes place in a very short period.
It is found that the operator adjusts not only his gain but also some other response characteristics. An analysis reveals the following important characteristics;
1) The delay in taking actions in a transient state is smaller than that in a steady state.
2) The operator responds in an open loop fashion and the greater part of the actions seems to be determined by the initial state of the control error.
3) The response characteristics in a transient state are similar to those of the response to a step input.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2262K) -
富塚 誠義, 辻岡 康1970 年 6 巻 3 号 p. 228-233
発行日: 1970年
公開日: 2009/03/27
ジャーナル フリーThis paper treats an optimal control problem with state-vector requirements specified not only at the initial and final instants t0, tf but also at the interim. This kind of problem has been named the “multiple targets problem” by J.M. Swiger.
A linear system is treated, and it is assumed that ki (ki<n, i=1, 2, …, m-1) components of the n-dimensional state-vector are specified at m-1 fixed intermediate instants ti (i=1, 2, …, m-1, t0<t1<…<tm-1<tf) and all n components are specified at the fixed final instant tf. Moreover, the coefficients of the system equation are assumed to change at the instants ti (i=1, 2, …, m-1). The problem is to find the optimal control, in the sense of minimizing the integral-square value of inputs, satisfying the above mentioned conditions.
The fundamental theorem, which is derived by the “orthogonal projection theorem”, is stated. After suitable transformation of the problem, the fundamental theorem is applied to it, and the optimal control is determined.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (596K) -
笹井 均1970 年 6 巻 3 号 p. 234-237
発行日: 1970年
公開日: 2009/03/27
ジャーナル フリーA computational algorithm is suggested in this paper to solve optimal control problems for linear distributed parameter systems with inequality constraints.
A penalty function approach based on finite dimensional convex programming technique by Fiacco and McCormic is extended to Hilbert space and applied to this control problem.
It is shown that the optimum of original constrained problem is approached sequentially by solving unconstrained new problems, each of which has solutions interior to the constraint set.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (465K) -
砂原 善文, 鳥居 英明1970 年 6 巻 3 号 p. 238-246
発行日: 1970年
公開日: 2009/03/27
ジャーナル フリーThe purpose of this paper is to establish a method of finding the sub-optimal control for nonlinear dynamical systems subjected to a state-dependent noise.
Guided by the basic notion of state variable representation in control theory, a mathematical model of the dynamical system considered here is given by the nonlinear vector stochastic differential equation of Stratonovich-type.
First, for the purpose of establishing an approximated model of the system, a method of stochastic linearization is demonstrated in Markovian framework. The method is to linearize the nonlinear drift term by expanding it into a linear function whose coefficients are determined by the least-squares error criterion. The linearized drift term is thus specified by the coefficients dependent on both the conditional mean and the associated error covariance.
Secondly, by using the quasi-linear model and following the method of Dynamic Programming, the approximate strategy of optimal control is presented for the quadratic cost functional.
Finally, the quantitative aspects of sample paths behavior of optimal control signal are shown by digital simulation studies in comparison with the similar quantitative aspects obtained when the mathematical model is given by the stochastic differential equation of Ito-type.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1156K) -
金井 喜美雄1970 年 6 巻 3 号 p. 247-253
発行日: 1970年
公開日: 2009/03/27
ジャーナル フリーThere are two kinds of algorithms for deriving the time-optimal control function. One is the indirect method which employs the necessary condition of optimal control such as the Pontryagin's maximum principle. The other is the direct method which does not employ such a necessary condition in solving the problem.
In this paper, an optimal control problem of metal heating process is solved numerically applying the Stepwise Steepest Descent Method, in which the proper value of stepsize is derived analytically by the minimizing performance criterion at each step.
In this method, the performance criterion value converges in about ten iterations. The convergence is compared with that in the Continuous Steepest Descent Method.
Although various methods have been proposed for optimizing distributed parameter systems, the authors proved that the Pontryagin's maximum principle is directly applicable in such optimization problems by introducing infinite-dimensional state variable equations. However, the convergence in the authors' previous method was not well established mathematically. As the present direct method determine the optimal control function without using the maximum principle, and moreover this numerical result agrees with the numerical solutions of the two point boundary value problem introducing infinite-dimensional equations, we may conclude that this indirect method produces results with acceptable engineering accuracy.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (800K) -
小林 邦博1970 年 6 巻 3 号 p. 254-260
発行日: 1970年
公開日: 2009/03/27
ジャーナル フリーWhen one seeks the control under the condition that the control has to be completed in some finite time, many control functions which satisfy this condition are found. Utilizing this fact, the control may be determined as a linear combination of functions which are selected in the known groups of functions. In this paper, the method of constructing the control, in other words, the method of deciding the unknown parameters are discussed.
For constructions of controls of lumped parameter systems, in the known groups of functions, which are defined in some finite time, the number of unknown parameters included in a control function is assigned with the order of system differential equation and the number of constraint. In the boundary controls of distributed parameter systems, approximation is often necessary to determine the actual controls. The number of unknown parameters included in the control function is subjected to the number of terms of approximated function and the number of conditions of constraint, where the impulse response of the original system is approximated by some finite number of terms.
In the present method, the control is constructed as a linear combination of known functions, satisfying the constraint conditions of the finite time and others. The present method may be said to lie between the method of ideal optimal control and the method of classical feedback control. The ideal optimal control is obtained mainly seeking the optimal performance index with, from the authour's viewpoint, the state equations as constraints. On the other hand, in the classical design, the controller is constructed by using the compensating transfer functions of known forms, unlike in the persent method.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (734K) -
野村 拓己, 中村 嘉平1970 年 6 巻 3 号 p. 261-269
発行日: 1970年
公開日: 2009/03/27
ジャーナル フリーThis paper deals with the regulator problem of a distributed-parameter system described by a parabolic or hyperbolic linear partial differential equation. The Riccati-type partial differential equation or the infinite-dimensional two point boundary value problem must be solved to obtain the solution u0 of the regulator problem of a distributed-parameter system. It is very difficult to calculate the solution of such a complex problem. Therefore, it is reasonable to approximate the distributed-parameter system with a lumped-parameter system having n main modes. By solving the regulator problem of the lumped-parameter system, an approximate solution un will be obtained instead of u0. This authors' idea is an extension of Modal Control Method proposed by Gould to the regulator problem of a distributed-parameter system. But if J(u) is the performance index of the regulator problem and n tends to infinity, the convergence of J(un) to J(u0) is equivalent to the convergence of un to u0 in an appropriate topology. Then it must be investigated whether un converges to u0 and in what topology this convergence is assured.
The authors show that un converges to u0 in the mean square, and furthermore it converges uniformly if J(u) contains the derivative of the control input with time.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (988K) -
斎藤 雄志1970 年 6 巻 3 号 p. 270-275
発行日: 1970年
公開日: 2009/03/27
ジャーナル フリーThis paper presents a method of identification of discrete-time linear dynamical systems which is an improvement of the method proposed by G.N. Saridis and G. Stein. The random test input sequence is used in the author's method as well as in Saridis and Stein's one, and a linear regression is obtained by the whiteness of the input. The parameters of the system are estimated through the least mean square type stochastic approximation instead of the Robbins-Monro stochastic approximation by Saridis and Stein.
This method has the following advantages. 1) Few properties of both the system noise and observation noise need be known. 2) The restrictions to these noises are considerably relaxed, for example, the noises may be coloured and mutually dependent. 3) The estimates are renewed at each step. In the method of Saridis and Stein, the noises are restricted to be white and independent, and the estimates are renewed every 2n+1 steps where n is the dimension of the system's state.
In the last place the rate of convergence by this method is investigated and the results of computer similation are presented.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (703K) -
寺野 寿郎, 村山 雄二郎, 黒須 顕二1970 年 6 巻 3 号 p. 276-283
発行日: 1970年
公開日: 2009/03/27
ジャーナル フリーThis report treats the following three major problems concerning the optimum design of safety systems and their applications to the design of Direct Digital Control systems of a boiler where a high reliability must be assured. These three problems are how to calculate the reliability of systems easily, how to evaluate system elements from the viewpoint of reliability and what to be the most efficient way to improve the reliability of systems. The approaches to these problems are made using the network techniques as follows:
(1) The computer code of reliability calculation is developed by using the network techniques.
(2) The sensitivity and the effective sensitivity of the network relating to network elements are defined. The usefulness of the concept of sensitivity in the design of safety systems is discussed. Moreover, some useful formula to calculate the sensitivities are given.
(3) An optimum cost allocation problem is solved by Dynamic Programming when the systems' network and the total cost are given. The special feature of this method is the simplification of calculation by the introduction of the idea of sensitivity. As an example, the safety system of a once-through boiler operated by a DDC is designed and discussed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (912K) -
山本 巖1970 年 6 巻 3 号 p. 284-285
発行日: 1970年
公開日: 2009/03/27
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (302K) -
斎藤 雄志1970 年 6 巻 3 号 p. 286-287
発行日: 1970年
公開日: 2009/03/27
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (190K) -
岩井 善太1970 年 6 巻 3 号 p. 288
発行日: 1970年
公開日: 2009/03/27
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (97K)
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