計測自動制御学会論文集
Online ISSN : 1883-8189
Print ISSN : 0453-4654
ISSN-L : 0453-4654
7 巻, 6 号
選択された号の論文の14件中1~14を表示しています
  • 中野 善之, 斎藤 忠良
    1971 年 7 巻 6 号 p. 499-506
    発行日: 1971/12/30
    公開日: 2009/03/27
    ジャーナル フリー
    For rapid and stable power balance control in electric power system, recent thermal power plants are strongly required to perform very rapid startup, shutdown or load change. On the other hand, the operation standards are more strict than ever because of the importance of safe operation of large plants. In the conventional operation standards the sequences for a turbine startup are decided by the state of the turbine waiting for a startup. In order to actualize a safe and rapid operation satisfying both the strict operation standards and the requirement on speed, it is necessary to know the actual values of limitation factors during the operation. One of the most important factors which limit a rapid plant operation is the thermal stress occurring in the turbine rotors. This paper deals with the development of a new equipment which continuously monitors the state of the turbine, computes the thermal stress on real time and indicates the operation guides. The structure of the equipment which consists of mainly analog operational elements and solves the difference-equations expressing the rotor thermal stress is proposed. The necessary number of divisions in the difference-equations is decided from the accuracy point of view. The operational characteristics of large time scale integrators which are the most important computing components in the equipment are analyzed by a digital computer. As the result of the analysis, it is found that the computation error is due mostly to the unideal characteristics of the integrating capacitors. Especially the capacitance deviation and the equivalent capacitance of dielectric absorption have a great influence upon the error. However, it is clarified that by the method proposed in the paper the errors will be eliminated to actualize the useful equipment.These theoretical conclusions are demonstrated by an experimental model.
  • 沢井 善三郎, 原島 文雄, 稲葉 博
    1971 年 7 巻 6 号 p. 507-514
    発行日: 1971/12/30
    公開日: 2009/03/27
    ジャーナル フリー
    In this paper, automatic beam scale with a pulse motor (stepping motor) is proposed, and the analysis of the system is shown with the experimental results.
    Automatic beam scales of self-balancing type are widely used in industry for their high accuracy. However, the measuring time is comparatively long with the scales of this type. Consequently, they are not used as equipment for continuous measurement that requires their fast response.
    By the use of a pulse motor as actuator and of an electronic controller, the response time of an automatic beam scale is considerably improved, and digital output signals are easily obtained, because the automatic scale proposed operates as an A-D converter.
    The experiments are performed with two scales, one having an accuracy of 1/1000 and the other 1/8000. The experimental results have good correlations with the computation, and it is confirmed that the automatic scales proposed in this paper have excellent performances.
  • 須藤 二全, 戸恒 明
    1971 年 7 巻 6 号 p. 515-522
    発行日: 1971/12/30
    公開日: 2009/03/27
    ジャーナル フリー
    The control phase of a 2-phase servomotor is often driven by an amplifier containing a DC component in the output.
    In this case, a torque alternating with the source frequency is produced and causes undesirable problems.
    In this paper, an equation is derived to calculate the alternating torque by using the equivalent circuit parameters.
    Experimental results with the sampled 2-phase servo motors are in good agreement with the calculation by using the above equation.
    The alternating torque characteristics of a 2-phase servomotor operating under the condition of containing DC component are calculated.
    These calculated results are compared with those of the case in which the torque alternates with double the source frequency due to the unbalanced mmf.
  • 浜崎 芳治, 小林 健三
    1971 年 7 巻 6 号 p. 523-527
    発行日: 1971/12/30
    公開日: 2009/03/27
    ジャーナル フリー
    Measurement of the melting metal flow rate is necessary and important in processing iron, steel or other metals especially in continuous casting and continuous steel making, but has been very difficult because of the high temperature of the flow.
    This paper describes a melting metal flow meter which enables one to measure the flow rate directly, continuously and non-contactingly. The principle of measurement of this flow meter is to make use of the skin effect in electromagnetic field.
    Experimental results with pig iron are shown on the range of flow rate 80∼400kg/min and flow time 40∼175s.
  • 松宮 恒夫, 高木 亀一
    1971 年 7 巻 6 号 p. 528-536
    発行日: 1971/12/30
    公開日: 2009/03/27
    ジャーナル フリー
    A large capacity linear induction motor is used mainly in high speed vehicles, but a small capacity linear motor excited by two-phase voltage sources may be used as a translational servo-motor without an additional mechanism to change a rotational motion to a translational motion.
    In this report the authors explain the experimental results concerning the air gap magnetic field related to the drive-force estimation and the mutual inductance between the primary windings which is peculiar to the two-phase linear motor. The investigation concerned with the variation of the air gap flux distribution and with the change of the mutual inductance between the primary windings when the core tooth number and the primary coil arrangement were varied. The experiments were carried out with the faced core type two-phase linear induction machine having a balanced two-phase winding under a balanced two-phase excitation.
    The calculated values according to the formulae in this report and the experimental values coincided closely. It has been verified that the unbalance of amplitude and phase angle of the air gap flux density and the arising of the mutual inductance are due to the magnetic property of the discontinuous stator cores.
    The stator with a balanced two-phase winding may be operated with a single phase by attaching a condenser. The performance and the characteristics in the single phase operation are similar to those in the two-phase operation. The small size linear motor used as servo-motor or position control device will probably be driven by the single phase source. The information in this report will surely be useful in the future development of small size linear motors.
  • 図形の面的処理の一方法
    出沢 正徳
    1971 年 7 巻 6 号 p. 537-543
    発行日: 1971/12/30
    公開日: 2009/03/27
    ジャーナル フリー
    The author presents a region counter and its several applications in the field of pattern recognition. The outline of this paper is as follows.
    (1) The region counter is an apparatus which counts the number of regions divided or occupied by a pattern. From the basic experiment of a region counter, the author has concluded that a practical counter can be constructed.
    A method for the feature extraction of pattern using this region counter is presented. From a simulation of the hand written numeral reader, it is found that this method is useful to extract the topological features of a pattern.
    (2) The author presents a new method to determine automatically the threshold value in reading a pattern optically. The experiments have shown the possibility of an automatic setting of the threshold value.
    (3) A method to break up the pattern having some blobs such as those in a Chinese Character into blobs, and the principle to realize this method by hardware are given. It is confirmed experimentally that a useful device can be manufactured.
  • 吉川 恒夫
    1971 年 7 巻 6 号 p. 544-548
    発行日: 1971/12/30
    公開日: 2009/03/27
    ジャーナル フリー
    This paper treats the linear discrete-time filtering problem where the measurement signals contain some elements free of noise. The main results are as follows:
    (i) A low order optimal filter is obtained by modifying the ordinary Kalman filter.
    (ii) Based upon the result (i), the structure of Tse-Athans' optimal minimal-order estimator is made clear.
    (iii) Applying the result (i) to the filtering problem with colored measurement noise, BrysonHenrikson's result is obtained without using their measurement differencing method.
  • 市川 邦彦
    1971 年 7 巻 6 号 p. 549-555
    発行日: 1971/12/30
    公開日: 2009/03/27
    ジャーナル フリー
    The parameter optimization problem is an optimization problem that specifies first the functional form of the control law and asks the m-parameter vector that minimizes the given criterion function. Since the formulation of a parameter optimization problem differs from that of an optimal control problem, the maximum principle cannot be applied. It may be noted that the parameter optimization problem includes the classical problem of optimal controller setting and the synthesis of an optimal control system whose characteristics are specified partially. Settlement of inaccessible control problem by feeding back the detectable output vector also amounts to solving a parameter optimization problem.
    It may be said that only some formulas through the analog computer study have been known under the name of optimal controller setting theory, and that no approach worth going with the modern control theory has yet been tried. The author presents the technique based on the gradient theory, noticing that this kind of problem is a nonlinear programming problem. The technique may be said to be modern in that it presupposes the use of a digital computer. Since the gradient vector for the linear-quadratic problem can be evaluated by solving algebraic equation exclusively, the method is especially suited for the computation with a digital computer. On the other hand, the general nonlinear problem requires integral operations m+1 times to evaluate the gradient vector: once for the differential equation of the controlled system and m times for the differential equation with respect to the first variation of the state vector. Consequently, a considerably large memory capacity is required along with a fairly long computational time. However, unlike the other approaches to the inaccessible control problems, the technique of the paper can deal with a quite general class of control problems. It should be added that the implementation of the optimal control law is quite simple and easy.
  • 1971 年 7 巻 6 号 p. 555
    発行日: 1971年
    公開日: 2009/03/27
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 国松 昇, 佐々木 雅国, 平山 伸
    1971 年 7 巻 6 号 p. 556-562
    発行日: 1971/12/30
    公開日: 2009/03/27
    ジャーナル フリー
    In this paper, the problem of stability in aero-elastic systems is formulated in the framework of Lyapunov's stability theory.
    The system to be analized may be expressed by a dynamical equation (linear partial differential equation) associated with boundary conditions, the solution of which forms a non-selfadjoint boundary value problem.
    This type of system is called non-conservative from a physical viewpoint, and the system's Lyapunov function cannot always be expressed simply by the energy function of the system.
    In this paper, a type of Lyapunov function is presented and two specific examples are worked out so as to suggest that the Lyapunov's method enables one to deal with the abovementioned dynamical systems without resorting to conventional methods.
  • 鈴木 隆, 影山 好一郎
    1971 年 7 巻 6 号 p. 563-571
    発行日: 1971/12/30
    公開日: 2009/03/27
    ジャーナル フリー
    To adjust the parameter in the model reference adaptive control system, the gradient method is often employed making use of the actual error between the outputs of the basic control system and the reference model. But, in this method, it is difficult to determine the coefficient of the gradient so as to ensure stability and quick response.
    In this paper, a parameter adjusting method is proposed that minimizes the index of performance described as the integral of the squared value of the equation error with respect to the basic control system and the reference model. For the configuration of the basic control system considered here, this proposed method is approximately equivalent to the Gauss-Newton's method based on the actual output error in the neighbourhood of the optimum point. In this method, the construction of the adaptive control system is comparatively simple and the parameter in the controller can be brought to the neighbourhood of its optimum value by only one trial regardless of the initial value of the parameter. But, when the dynamic characteristics of the basic control system can be made only approximately equal to that of the reference model, the parameter fluctuates around its optimum value in the steady state, depending on the wave form of the input signal. The fluctuation can be made small by selecting a long integration time in the index of performance but the time required for one trial of adjustment increases.
    This method is also investigated by the computer simulation and its effectiveness is ascertained experimentally.
  • 古田 勝久, 河 注植
    1971 年 7 巻 6 号 p. 572-580
    発行日: 1971/12/30
    公開日: 2009/03/27
    ジャーナル フリー
    In this paper, a procedure to identify the weighting function of a system is presented. A new type of criterion is employed. It consists of the term concerning the a priori information of the weighting function and the ordinary squares integral term of the response error. It is shown that the optimal weighting function under the proposed criterion function can be determined easily by solving an optimal tracking problem, if the output of a linear free dynamical system is supplied as an input to the system to be identified.
    The proposed criterion function is also interpreted from the viewpoint of estimation theory and found to be the same as the maximum likelihood function under the proper conditions.
    A computational algorithm of the procedure to identify the weighting function of a single input and single output system is presented. It is also shown that the algorithm can be easily extended for multivariable systems.
    Numerical computations of several examples show that the proposed procedure is satisfactory even when the system is observed only for a short period.
  • 平沢 宏太郎
    1971 年 7 巻 6 号 p. 581-587
    発行日: 1971/12/30
    公開日: 2009/03/27
    ジャーナル フリー
    Although the mean passenger arrival rate λij from ith floor to jth floor is the most important data for an elevator traffic calculation, it can not be measured easily. Therefore a method to estimate λij from easily obtainable data has been in much demand.
    In this thesis, two methods of λij estimation (for the time being, they are named the first method and the second method, respectively) and the test method of evaluating these methods statistically are presented.
    The first method is suitable for a rough estimation and the second method is suitable for a detailed estimation.
    The test method is based on the principle that the coincidence of the measured value and the estimated value of λij is not always optimum.
    By the numerical study, it has been proved that those estimation methods are effective.
  • 太田 道男
    1971 年 7 巻 6 号 p. 588-593
    発行日: 1971/12/30
    公開日: 2009/03/27
    ジャーナル フリー
    Methods of representing parameters in fluidic elements and their equivalent circuits have not been developed except the method used for the small amplitude equivalent circuits of analog elements.
    In this paper, a method of representing parameters of analog and digital fluidic devices is presented, by using the linear relationship between the pressure drop and the squared value of the flow in the output characteristics. An equivalent pressure source and a nonlinear resistance are used to indicate the characteristics of each device, and are very convenient for the representation of parameters when the device uses the turbulent jet and is furnished with the vent around the receiving port.
    This method of representation proposed enables us:
    (1) to evaluate the characteristics of the elements,
    (2) to calculate the pressures and flows in the circuits, and
    (3) to measure the figures of merit in designing the elements.
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