At our clinic, we have encountered two patients with malignant proliferating trichilemmal cyst and 11 patients with malignant trichilemmoma in a 13-year period (1981-1993). We present a case of malignant proliferating trichilemmal cyst in a 72-year-old Japanese man, who had first noticed a coffee-bean sized skin tumor on the scalp about 5 years before presentation. This tumor was removed totally at a local clinic about 2 years later, but recurrence was noticed 6 months after surgery. In March 1992, 130 mg of CPT-11 was infused intravenously. The first course of the treatment consisted of one fusion per week for 4 weeks, and a minor response was obtained. However, a second course of treatment, 120 mg of CPT-11 per week for 4 weeks, could not reduce the size of the mass, and therefore sugery was carried out. Two years after surgery, there has been no evidence of recurrence.

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A 68-year-old Japanease man was refered to us a developing black-brown macule on the left posterior thoratic region at 10 years after treatment for his psoriasis. He received photochemotherapy (PUVA) every two weeks in our hospital from March, 1983. The dose of 8-methoxypsoraren was 40mg/body and UVA dose were 5-9 Joule/cm². Besides this he began UVB therapy with home use of sunlamps twice a week. From July, 1986 through June, 1993 the patient sporadically received PUVA for each flares of psoriasis. Total UVA dose was about 800 Joule/cm². Total UVB dose was unknown. He had not received X-ray, tar, methotrexate nor arsenic treatment before his starting photo (chemo) therapy. In June, 1993 he noticed a pigmented macule on his back. Histologically, it was diagnosed as a malignant melanoma in situ. Patients treated with PUVA and/or UVB should be kept under surveillance for the development of cutaneous malignant neoplasms, including melanoma, although the incidence of photo (chomo) therapy-induced malignant tumor is very low in Japanease peoples.

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A61-year-old female had noticed a black macule on her left mandibular region about 7 years before, which gradually increased in size and partially elevated since about six months before. So she visited our clinic for the treatment of the black macule and nodule on June 2, 1993. Clinical diagnosis was lentigo maligna or lentigo maligna melanoma. Surgical resection was performed 1 cm apart from the margins of the lesion. Histologically, lentigious proliferation of atypical melanocyte was seen in the margins of the lesion. In the center of lesion, numerous tumor cell nests of atypical melanocytes were observed in the dermis, which had large, hyperchromatic, irregulary shaped nuclei. The diagnosis of the lesion was lentigo maligna melanoma. She received combination therapy, using IFN-β and chemotherapy (DAV). After wide resection and skin graft, she received combination therapy once more. In the end of August 1993, general malaise and dyspnea occurred. The laboratory examination showed DIC. ChestX-P and CT revealed interstitial pneumonitis (IP). Although the treatment for DIC and IP was carried out, she died on September 18, 1993, because her general condition rapidly deteriorated. From the findings mentioned above, we may suggest that the cause of her death was chemotherapeutic agent, probabry ACNU. We must pay further attention to the side effects of anti-cancer drugs.

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A 50-year-old man developed a rapidly growing tumor in old burn scar on the left heel which had been ulcerated for recent 5 years. A firm, immovable subcutaneous nodule was palpable in the left femoral area. Below-knee amputation of the left leg and radical groin dissection were performed. Six courses of CYVA-DIC chemotherapy were also given. Two years after the operation, a lymph node metastasis around external iliac artery developed. After the radical dissection, another chemotherapy including CBDCA, DTIC, ACNU and tamoxifen was introduced. Histological examination revealed the bulk of the primary tumor was composed of atypical, amelanotic, spindle cells with fibrous tissues. Small nests of epithelioid cells were also present. Neural invasion was observed in the deep dermis. Neuroid structures composed of atypical cells in fibrous stroma were present in the section of the inguinal subcutaneous tissue. The metastatic lesion to the lymph node adjacent to left external iliac artery showed similar changes to the primary skin tumor, with more marked fibrosis. The tumor cells were strongly positive for S-100 and NSE. In the primary tumor and metastatic lesion to the lymph node, the tumor cells were positive for alpha-1 antichymotrypsin and lysozyme as well.

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We report a case of angiosarcoma on the left frontal scalp successfully treated with intra-arterial and peri-lesional injection of recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) followed by the surgical excision and postoperative irradiation. Histological examination revealed marked edema and inflammatory infiltrates associated partial destruction of the tumor. Immunohistological analysis demonstrated a considerable number of infiltrating cells expressing perforin, suggesting the local induction of functionally active cytotoxic lymphocytes by rIL-2. He has no evidence of local reccurence or metastasis at 18 months after the treatment.

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Case 1, a 49-year-old woman, presented with a blackish nodule, 25×15 in diameter, on her left arm. Because of her history of mastectmy and axillary lymph node dessection for the breast cancer 14 years before, the tumor was considered as Stewart-Treves syndorome. The tumor was surgically excised, and also treated with an intralesional injection of recombinant interleukin 2 (rIL-2) after and before the excision for totally 4 weeks. After 2 months of discharge, she died because of metastasis on adrenal gland. The rIL-2 therapy was not succesfull for this case.
Case 2, a 82-year-old woman, presented with a red-violet macular lesion with several nodules on the hairly scalp, which was diagnosed as angiosarcoma of the scalp of the erdery. The tumor was treated with an intralesional injection and an intravenous infusion of rIL-2 combining with radiation therapy. After the treatment for a month, the tumor was significantly reduced. And it was surgically excised. There was no evidence of local recurrence or metastasis for 7months after the excision. The combination therapy of rIL-2, radiation and surgical excision was very effective for the case.
Taken together, we concluded that rIL-2 therapy might be effective for the angiosarcoma of the scalp of the erdery, however, not effective for the Stewart-Treves syndorome.

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An 85-year-old man presented a dome-shaped violaceous tumor of 2 cm in diameter, in the center of a palm-sized erythematous macule on his frontal scalp. This lesion was considered to be a local recurrence of a nodular lesion which had been previously excised marginally 4 months before. The primary lesion was histologically reevaluated and diagnosed as a moderately differentiated type of angiosarcoma. The intravenous and intralesional injections of recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) was started at total daily doses ranging from 70 to 105 JRU, 6 days a week. The recurrent lesion disappeared 5 weeks after the initiation of the therapy and no remnant of malignant tissue was recognized in the specimen of the excisional biopsy taken after the treatment. Seven weeks after the biopsy, sacral bone metastasis was noted by sacral pain and comfirmed by CT scan. Both scalp area and metastatic bone lesion were treated by low dose irradiation combined with systemic intravenous administration of rIL-2. However, the metastatic lesion did not show any response to the therapy. Three months later the patient died of respiratory failure caused by pneumothorax and pleuritis due to the multiple lung metastases. It is suggested that the systemic rIL-2 therapy alone is not so effective to the distant metastatic lesion in spite of the remarkable curative effect of intralesional injection of rIL-2 on the primary skin lesion of angiosarcoma.

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A 55-year-old female visited our department 13 years ago because of a tumor accompanied by an alopecic patch in the frontal region of the scalp. The tumor was resected, and skin grafting was performed. After 3 years, recurrence around the skin graft and metastasis to the right preauricular parotid lymph nodes were observed. Local infusion of IFN, resection and electron beam irradiation were performed. After 2 years, induration developed in the right area of the neck. After 1 year, induration was also observed in the right area of the face. She temporarily improved after systemic administration of IL-2 and cyclophosphamide (CPA), but subsequently showed infiltration extending from the right area of the face to the entire scalp and the left area of the face. Administration of IL-2, CPA, CYVADIC and CPT-11 and adoptive immunity therapy were performed. In 1991, adenocarcinoma in the descending colon was resected. She died of respiratory failure caused by lung metastasis of the adenocarcinoma. She had followed up on an outpatient basis until 2 months before death. She is a rare patient treated for 13 years despite the very poor prognosis of angiosarcoma.

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A case of Angiosarcoma with Gastric Cancer.
A 74-year-old man had noticed a soybean-sized tumor on his top of left head with lymphnode swelling since August, 1993. The tumor was a 9×10×3cm in size, darkpurple colored, and hard.
Angiectasia was also observed on the surface of the tumor. Histologically, the tumor composed of large atypical cells with clear cytoplasm and large nuclei, and a few vascular spaces were observed. These cells did not react with anti-keratin antibody and LCA, but they were positive with Elastica-Van Gieson staining and antibody against Factor VIII associated antigen. The tumor size was profoundly reduced by the radiological treatment. In the later examination for the internal malignancy, the gastric cancer (Borrmann IV) was found.

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We report the clinico-pathological features of 5 cases of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberance (DFSP) . The tumor size ranged from 2.2 to 10 cm. Four out of 5 tumors were surgically excised with the appropriate surgical margin of 4 cm and beyond the depth of fascia. No recurrence was seen in all cases under the follow up period of 6months to 8 years. The histological examinations revealed typical spindle-shaped nuclei with few mitoses, arranged in a storiform pattern, although one case contained foam cells and multinucleated giant cells within the tumor. Immunoperoxydase staining with anti-CD34 and anti-factor XIIIa antibodies showed that CD34 was positive in most of tumor cells and factor XIIIa was completely negative in 3 cases, while there was focal reactivity with both CD34 and factor X IIIa. The results suggest CD34 and factor XIIIa may be helpful to differentiate DFSP from other fibrohistiocytic tumors, these markers lack absolute specificity for this purpose.

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An 83-year-old woman noticed a brownish macule on her right temple 4 or 5 years ago. She noticed a sudden rapid enlargement and bulging of the macule and after a weeks time visited our hospital. It was a 10×9×3mm sized, fresh red colored, dome shaped tumor. It was easily bleeding on the surface and it had scale-crusts on themargin. The tumor was tender, elastic and slightly hard. There were some senile keratoses around the tumor.
Almost one and a half years after resection, another tumor developed on the rightside of the bottom of her nose. It was a 7.5×7mm sized, pale red, dome shaped, elastic and slightly hard with crusts at center.
Histopathological findings: The tumor on the right temple showed histiocyte like or fibroblast like cells proliferating from papillarly dermis through subcutaneous fat tissue. The nuclei were polymorphic and strongly atypical, sometimes had multinucleated and atypical mitotic figures. There were edema and capillary proliferations and extravasations of erythrocyts in stroma. Markedly solar elastosis was found in dermis close to the lesion.
The immunohistochemical stain showed α₁-ACT, Vimentin were positive but α₁-AT, S-100 protein, Desmin, Myosin, PNA, EMA, CK-1 were negative with nuclei.
The tumor on the nose had almost the same histology of the one on the temple but had a distinct epidermal collarette formation, formy cells and fewer edema.
There were no findings of metastasis in the whole body. There is no evidence of local recurrence or metastasis 3 years and 8 months after the first surgical exision. Two atypical fibroxanthomas on the face seemed to be very rare.

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A case of malignant Triton tumor occurring in the rt lumbar and rt axillar regionsof a 62-year-old woman with von Recklinghausen disease was reported.
The tumor was consisted of two different types of neoplastic cells with cellular atypism and invasive growth. One of them consisted of medium-sized spindle cells showing a histopathologically and immunohistochemically neurilemmal differentiation, and another consisted of large round cells showing a rhabdomyoblastic defferentiation.
There have been reported about 60 cases of malignant Triton tumors, only two of which occured multiply.

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Thymidine kinase (TK) is the key enzyme in the salvage pathway for DNA synthesis. Elevated serum TK levels have been associated with increased tumor cell proliferative activity in patients with a wide range of different malignancies. We have evaluated plasma TK levels during the follow-up of seven patients with mycosis fungoides. TK levels were increased in advanced stages in comparison with earlier ones. TK levels decreased in patients who responded to treatment but increased in those who had relapses and those with progressive disease. These results indicate that plasma TK could be used both as a prognostic marker and to monitor the effect of therapy in patients with mycosis fungoides.

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It is well known that blood group related antigens are frequently altered in associa-tion with neoplastic transformation of cells and their expressions were reported in some cancers. LewisY (Le^y) antigen is one of blood group related antigen and difucocylated type 2 chain, and its expression was thought to correlate with cell apoptosis. We immunohistochemically investigated the expression of Le^y antigen in normal skin and several skin tumors such as squamous cell carcinoma, Bowen's disease and basal cell epithelioma. In normal skin, Le^y antigen was expressed on intradermal and intraepidermal eccrine duct and secretory portion of eccrine gland. In squamous cell carcinoma, keratinized cells in cancer pearl and several tumor cells showing apoptotic morphology were positively stained. In Bowen's disease, positive staining was found on some keratinocytes but not on dyskeratotic cells. In basal cell epithelioma, tumor cells were not stained. It was suggested that Le^y antigen expression was correlated with not only apoptosis but with neoplastic transformation of keratinocytes.

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We reported a case of squamous cell carcinoma of the nail bed in a 52-year-old man. He had a well demarcated, erythematous plaque, 1.2×1.6cm in diameter, on the nail bed of his right middle finger. The X-ray examination of the right finger showed osteolysis in the distal phalanx. The histopathological examination of the tumor revealed a well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. He was treated by surgical excision and chemotherapy.

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A 46-year-old male case of burn scar squamous cell carcinoma is reported. He got burnt in the scalp, when he was one year old. He developed a large tumor (25×17cm in size) on the burn scar. Histological examination revealed that the tumor consisted of irregularly proliferating malignant cells showing keratinization. The histological findings were consistent with squamous cell carcinoma.
For the last 15 years (1978-1993), 59 patients with squamous cell carcinoma have visited our hospital. In 6 patients the tumor arised on the burn scar. We review these cases comparing the literature in Japan.

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Eleven patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) arising in burn scar, those were treated in Akita University hospital in these 21 years, are collected and discussed statistically. And two cases which resulted in death are detailed. Our data shows excellent survival rate after our treatment, i. e. 5-year survival rate of 7 patients of Stage-II was 100%.

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Metastasis to the parotid lymph nodes from skin malignant tumor is uncommon, but when this does arise, it creates management problems for the surgeon. During past 7 years, we have experienced 6 patients who were performed superficial or total parotidectomy with radical neck dissection in parotid metastasis. Of the six patients, 4 had squamous cell carcinoma and 2 malignant melanomas. Primary lesions that metastasized to the parotid lymph nodes located in preauricle (2 patients), frontal (2) and temporal skin (2). In all of these patients, metastases to both parotid lymph node and cervical nodes was involved. The over-all five year determinate rate was 40% in six patients.
From our findings, the patient with metastasis in the parotid and/or neck should be performed wide primary resection and superficial or total parotidectomy with in continuity radical neck dissection. Total parotidectomy indicates when metastasis to the deep parotid lymph node is confirmed by histological examination of a frozen section.

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A 74-year-old female with skin metastasis of renal cell carcinoma is described.
She noticed her cutaneous lesion on her left lower abdomen about three years before visiting our dermatological outpatient clinic. The lesion gradually enlarged and multiple nodule developed on the other parts of the body.
The biopsy was taken from the lesion on the right arm. On microscopic findings, the metastasis of renal cell carcinoma was suggested. An examination of whole body was performed and renal cell carcinoma of left kidney was discovered. Systemic and multi-organ involvement were also observed.
This case is rare because the patient had a large number of metastatic skin lesions up to 62. In addition, she lived at least 3 years after the metastasis of the skin. It is relatively a long period for the patient with metastatic renal cell carcinoma.

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A report is presented on a rare case of primary branchiogenic carcinoma proposed by Martin H in 1950.
Case Report
A 73-year-old male with a nodular swelling in the right middle neck was referred on September 28, 1988. The swelling was 4cm in diameter and could be palpated at the anterior margin of right sternocleidomastoid muscle. No findings of malignant tumor could be observed in the head and neck region. Incision biopsy was performed and a diagnosis was no malignancy. Cytology led to the pathohistological diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma. The cervical nodular swelling was clinically diagnosed tentatively as branchiogenic carcinoma. As the tumor increased in size to 6cm in diameter, preoperative radiotherapy of ⁶⁰Co of 40 Gy was commenced together with hyperthermotherapy.
The skin of the neck 2cm from the radiant ulcer was extensively resected and right radical neck dissection was performed. The right deltopectoral flap was elevated and the skin defect was repaired. Local recurrence and distant metastasis could not be detected and the primary lesion continued to be unknown, and the course was satisfactory. However, after a lapse of 5 years and 3 weeks following diagnosis, the patient expired due to myocardial infarction.

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The extravasation of antitumor agents results in necrosis of local tissue and will be serious problem for patients. To prevent this complication, management is very important. But there is no comon opinion.
The presence of skin ulcers made it necessary, on the other hand, to perform early debridement and reconstruction of the affected layers with the well-vascularized flap.
Following is cases of two patients with antitumor agent extravasation.

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We report a case of a 53-year-old woman who first noticed a skin tumor on her right chest between 4 and 5 years earlier. The size increased gradually, and at the initial consultation in our hospital, she had a dark brown to black coloured tumor measuring 15×20mm on her right chest. On biopsy, histological examination revealed the nests of poroma cells scattered in the epidermis and she was diagnosed with hidroacanthoma simplex.
After 3 years, she consulted our hospital again. Tumor had grown to 18×24mm size and scales adhered to its surface. The tumor was totally excised and examined histologically, immunohistologically, and by electron microscopy.
Histologically, PAS-positive tumor nests proliferated in the dermis. Atypical tumor cells demonstrated clear nuclei, and mitosis or dyskeratosis were found. Canaliculi were also found in the tumor nests. Immunohistologically, CEA, EMA, and keratin were positive, but S-100 protein was negative in the tumor nests. Electron microscopy examination revealed that intracellular canaliculi existed in tumor cells which had abundant microvilli on their surface.
From these findings, we suppose that hidroacanthoma simplex developed into eccrine porocarcinoma over several years.

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We report a case of tumor arising on the temporal scalp of a 50-year-old woman. The histopathological findings for the tumor revealed it to be ductal sweat gland carcinoma connected to a syringocystadenoma papilliferum (SCAP) arising on a nevus sebaceus. Mucinous stroma, considered to be deposition of hyaluronic acid, was also observed in the ductal carcinoma portion. The immunohistochemical and ultrastructural findings in the ductal carcinoma portion were compared with those in the SCAP portion. Both the ductal sweat gland carcinoma and SCAP portion showed findings compatible with the ductal portion of an sweat gland. The findings in this case suggest that the possibility that malignant tumors with sweat gland differentiation can co-exist with nevus sebaceous should be taken into consideration.

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A 33-year-old male with Merkel cell carcinoma was reported. The tumor presented at the upper lip. Tumor was a recurrent one. And lectromicroscopy revealed dense core granules and tumor cells were stained by NSE and Keratin. Tumor was excised with 5mm surgical margin. The defect of the upper lip was reconstructed with cross lip flap. Radiotherapy was performed postoperatively. Three years after the treatment, he has no evidence of recurrence or metastasis.

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It is difficult to determine the surgical margin of extra-mammary Paget disease because of a concept of “subclinical Paget condition”. For this difficulty, too much wide excision of genital lesion has easily caused the trouble of erection, dysfunction of urination and evacuation. In this paper, four cases of extra-mammary Paget disease, who have received the mapping biopsy before operation in order to determine the margin of this lesion correctly, were reported. Total 16 biopsied skin specimens have been taken at 16 points, which were located on circle 30mm and 60mm away from the margin of erythematous lesion.

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A 41-year-old man, who had received a kidney transplant in the U.S.A. because of chronic renal failure and been controlled with immunosuppresion therapy (azathioprine and cyclosporine) for about 4 years, developed an elastic-hard node(1cm in diameter) on the lower abdominal wall.
Histopathologically, an excisional biopsy of the tumor revealed that there was invasive growth of epithelial cells into the upper dermis. The peripheral cell layer of the tumor masses showed basophilic, palisading, and the centrally located cells showed atypical nuclei amd a pa1e-stainimg cytoplasm which contained glycogen. A trichilemmal keratinization was observed. From these findings a trichilemmal carcinoma was made, and subsequently an extensive resection was performed. The incidence of malignant tumors following kidney transplantation is high. The graft survival rate is being improved, and thus the management of the malignant tumorsfollowing kidney transplantation is considered to be an important issue.

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We report three patients with malignant trichilemmoma. Case 1: A91-year-old man with a nodule 14 mm in diameter on his temple. Case 2: An 85-year-old man with a nodule measuring 22×26×4mm on the dorsum of the foot. Case 3: A 90-year-old man with a nodule measuring 16×15×7mm on the cheek. In all three cases, surgery way carried out, and the histopathological features of the specimens revealed typical patterns of malignant trichilemmoma.
At our clinic, we have encountered six patients with malignant trichilemmoma including these three patients in a 14-year period (1980-1993) . The patients comprised 4 males and 2 females with an average age of 84.2 years. Multiple tumors were seen in only one case. The tumors were located on the face in 4 cases, and on the head and leg in one case each, respectively.

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A 65-year-old Japanese female presented our clinic with a painful eruption on the lips and the oral mucosa. She had first noticed an asymptomatic whitish plaque on the buccal mucosa, several years before which had gradually increased in size and elevated. The lesion was composed of two parts. One was a hyperkeratotic, well-circumscribed, whitish elastic hard califlower-like tumor. The other was a slightly elevated whitish patches on the buccal mucosa adjacent to the tumor. The histopathological examination of the tumor revealed that the epidermis was markedlyhyperkeratotic and hypertrophic, extending into the deep dermis. The epidermis wascomposed of the pale-staining large cells, and showed a moderate loss of polarity. Mitotic figures and pleomorphism were rarely found. The histopathological examination of the white patches of the buccal mucosa showed hyperkeratosis and acanthosis. Many cells on the epidermis were large, which were similar to those of the tumor. We considered that the tumor was oral florid papillomatosis developed from the white patches which was diagnosed leukoplakia.

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We report 4 cases (three men and one woman, 52-70 years old) that were experienced in our Department of Dermatology for the past 5 years, mainly about their clinical pictures, histopathology and treatment. All cases showed similar clinical pictures and histopathology. We considered that verrucous carcinoma, a variant of low-grade squamous cell carcinoma, encompasses various clinical lesions, including oral florid papillomatosis, giant condyloma acuminatum (Buschke-Löwenstein tumor), and epithelioma cuniculatum.

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Statistical Analysis of Basal Cell Epithelioma in Dep. Dermatology of Dokkyo University School of Medicine.
124 cases of basal cell epitheliomas were observed in our clinic for 20 years. The male/female ratio was 1.8 : 1. The number of patients had been increasing for the last four or five years. The most frequent occupation was farmer (27.4%) . The common sites were head, face and neck, 80.1% of patients had tumors that were less than 2cm in diameter at the first consultation. Histologically, solid type was 42.4%. Almost all the treatments in our clinic were excisions.

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A case of giant basal cell epithelioma is reported. An 81 year-old woman had a dark red, cauliflower like tumor, 16×13×5cm in size on the right thigh with venous dilation. This tumor was chiefly supplied with femoral artery. It is one of the reason the tumor is so big without necrosis. We suspected there is any relation with biological behavior, oxygen or nutrition demand, and venous supply between histology of tumor cell.

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We report two cases of basal cell epithelioma (BCE) on the vulva.
Case 1: A57-year-old woman noticed itching tumor on the right of her lavium majus for one and half year. Histopathologically a diagnosis of BCE (solid type) was made.
Case 2: A 60-year-old woman noticed painful tumor on the right of her lavium majus for two years. Histopathologically a diagnosis of BCE (solid and superficial type) was made.
Clinical and statistical study of 48 patients with BCE seen at Department of Dermatology, Nippon Medical School Second Hospital during 10 years from 1984 to 1994was reported.
No sex differences were seen. The age of the patients at the time of the first medical examination ranged from 29 to 88 years and the age peak was in the 6th decade. More than 70% cases arose on the head, face and neck. Most common sizes of the tumors were less than 2cm in diameter. In clinically, our cases consisted of 72% of noduloulcevative type of BCE and 28% of super ficial type.
In histopathologically, solid type of BCE was most frequent, and more than 70% cases were diagnosed solid and mixed type. Recurrences were seen in 2 cases, though no metastasis was seen.

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Treatment for metastatic melanoma has not yet been established. But the current standard of therapy for metastatic melanoma consists of dacarbazine in combination with other agents. Especially, the combination cisplatin-vindesine-dacarbazine give rise to a high response rate in patients with advanced melanoma. Ten patients with advanced melanoma were treated with a 6-day triple drug chemotherapy regimen comprising cisplatin, dacarbazine and vindesine at the Department of Dermatology, National Cancer Center Hospital. Cisplatin was used in a dose of 80 mg/m² on day 1, vindesine was used in a dose of 2 mg/m² on day 2 and dacarbazine was used in a dose of 120 mg/m² on days 2-6. The major toxicities of cisplatin-vindesine-dacarbazine chemotherapy were nausea and vomiting. Granisetron is a potent and selective 5-HT₃ antagonists currently being developed, as an antiemetic for the treatment of chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting. Granisetron was administered in a dose of 40μg/kg once a day by infusion over 30 minutes, showed an excellent antiemetic effects. Granisetron dramatically reduced or abolished the severe cisplatin-induced vomiting in the absence of any side effects.

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