We correlated the records of pollen fossils and mega plant fossils of the Middle Pleistocene inland the Kanto region correlated the marine isotope stage (MIS) and overview the transition of the paleovegetation and the paleoclimate. The MIS 19 and MIS17 were characterized by Quercus subgen. Lepidobalanus pollen fossils, which means that Warm temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest dominated. It the MIS 15 and MIS 13, changed into deciduous broad-leaved forest with temperate coniferous forest, and it is presumed that the climate condition were slightly cool and wet. The MIS 11 was characterized by Quercus subgen. Cyclobalanopisis pollen fossils, which means that the Warm temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest and evergreen broad-leaved forest dominated. It is presumed that the climate condition was warm and dry. In the MIS 9 and MIS 7, it changed to accompany coniferous coniferous forests in the deciduous broadleaved forests. Fagus microcarpa Miki was recorded in MIS 11, but it had been extinct since MIS10. In this study, we clarified that paleovegetation changes of inland area of the Kanto region responded to global climate change in the Middle Pleistocene .

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I conducted a field survey and organized existing specimens, scientific papers and mining records to clearly demonstrate the distribution and occurrence of native copper produced in Nagatoro region. The survey revealed that copper-bearing minerals, including native copper ,intermingled with quartz and calcite veins usually occur in areas where hematite quartz schist was significantly crushed. Native copper usually exists in the center of the copper-bearing minerals, cuprite exists in its circumference and malachite or chrysocolla exists closest to the edge.Therefore,I concluded that the copper-bearing minerals were primarily native copper. Additionally not only stones of the bedded cupriferous iron sulfide deposits but also copper-bearing ores, including native cupper, were being mined in Nagatoro region in the Meiji-Taisho Era.

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This study was made to elucidate the species composition, location, and forest structure of Eriobotrya japonica-Quercus glauca community in limestone area of warm-temperate zone, in Saitama Prefecture. We classified the species composition into Nandino-Quercetum glaucae Yamanaka 1965, which was described in limestone area of warm-temperate zone, in far Southwest Japan. It meant that this community was the disjunct distribution of Nandino-Quercetum glaucae, and we clarified that it was a kind of edaphic climax in limestone area of warm-temperate zone, both Southwest Japan and Eastern Japan. The forest located on the steep slope rocky area, facing southwest, the physiognomy was evergreen broad-leaved coppice wood. It estimated that there were deciduous broad-leaved coppice wood consisted of Zelkova serrata, Diospyros lotus, Hovenia dulcis, Celtis sinensis, and so on before, but it became dominated by Quercus glauca, Eriobotrya japonica and Torreya nucifera in recent years.

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Insectivorous bats typically fly at night but are occasionally seen flying during the day. Most daytime flight reports were of the birdlike noctule Nyctalus aviator and were gathered in spring and fall. We surveyed N. aviator’s daytime emergences at a roost in Saitama Prefecture and its daytime activities in fall 2012, spring 2013, fall 2013, spring 2014, and fall 2014. Daytime emergences were seen from early March to early April and from late October to late November. The confirmation of feeding buzzes, predatory behavior, and the remains of diurnal insects in the feces suggest that the purpose of N. aviator's daytime flight is to feed. Daytime flight was recorded just before and after hibernation when bats needed energy. We suggest they make up for nightly forage shortfalls when diurnal insect availability is high.

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