Intraoral radiography is widely used as an examination method for primary imaging in clinical dentistry, and it might be useful for evaluating alveolar bone mineral density （BMD） for treatment assessment and the early detection of osteoporosis. However, a consensus on the quantitative value of alveolar BMD has yet to be established. The purpose of this study is to quantitatively evaluate alveolar BMD in the anterior area of the maxilla and mandible in healthy young adults using intraoral radiography with computer‑assisted measurement. This study included 30 young adults who agreed to participate. Intraoral radiographs of the maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth were taken using an indicator with a special calcium carbonate reference object. The images were input into the computer-assisted measurement software （DentalSCOPE system） and the alveolar BMD was measured by setting regions of interest （ROIs） in the area between the roots of adjacent teeth （interalveolar septum area） and the periapical area. The alveolar BMD results were compared between 1） males and females, 2） maxilla and mandible, and 3） the interalveolar septum area and the periapical area using the two-way analysis of variance （P＜0.05）. The alveolar BMD of the maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth of males was significantly higher than that of females. Additionally, the alveolar BMD of the periapical area was significantly higher than that of the interalveolar septum area. Considering the differences in alveolar BMD depending on gender and location, future investigations will need to include other locations as well.

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Presurgical nasoalveolar molding （PNAM） is a common treatment option for patients with cleft lip and palate and is effective in reducing the width of the alveolar cleft. However, few studies have focused on morphological changes in the nose and lips following PNAM. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify the effects of PNAM on nasal and labial morphology and compare nasolabial morphology between patients with and without PNAM using three-dimensional facial data. This cross-sectional study included 40 patients with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate. Of the 40 patients, 20 underwent PNAM （the PNAM group）, and 20 did not （the non-PNAM group）. The alar slope and columellar angles were significantly smaller in the PNAM group than in the non-PNAM group. Additionally, the nasal width decreased in the PNAM group compared with the non-PNAM group. These findings indicate that PNAM improves nasal morphology by reducing nasal angle deviations and narrowing nasal width, highlighting its role in optimizing presurgical treatment strategies for patients with cleft lip and palate.

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Although magnetic resonance imaging （MRI）-ultrasound fusion prostate biopsy is a widely recognized diagnostic method for prostate cancer, the optimal approach for repeat biopsies is unclear. This study aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of repeat biopsies at our institution and identify patients who will benefit from repeat biopsies. Thirty-five patients from 2018 to 2022 were retrospectively evaluated. The enrolled patients presented with MRI-suspicious lesions and had a history of negative biopsies, but prostate-specific antigen （PSA） levels remained elevated or exceeded 4 ng/ml during follow-up. All patients underwent MRI-ultrasound fusion biopsies combined with systematic transperineal biopsies. The positive biopsy rate was 57.1％ （20/35）, and clinically significant prostate cancer （csPCa） was detected in 45.7％ （16/35） of patients. Univariate and multivariable analyses of PSA levels, Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System version 2.1 （PI-RADS v2.1） scores, lesion locations and sizes, follow-up periods, and changes in PSA and PI-RADS v2.1 scores in biopsy-positive and biopsy-negative groups revealed significant differences in PI-RADS v2.1 scores and changes in PSA levels between the last biopsy and the follow-up period. In addition, positivity rates were significantly different between locations （peripheral zone, 78.6％; transition zone, 42.9％; base, 30.0％; mid-gland, 64.7％; and apex, 75.0％）. Cancer was not detected in 14 patients with negative results who were monitored for a median of 46.5 months. MRI-ultrasound fusion prostate biopsies detect csPCa in repeat biopsies. This method is recommended for patients with high PI-RADS v2.1 scores, significant PSA elevations over a short period, and peripheral zone lesions.

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Insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 3 （IMP3） is an oncofetal RNA-binding protein involved in development of various cancers. The aim of this study was to examine the clinical background of patients with colorectal cancer （CRC） and to correlate IMP3 expression with liver metastasis in CRC clinicopathologically. The subjects were patients who underwent surgery for CRC, including those with simultaneous or later surgery for liver metastasis （n＝27） and those with no liver metastasis for 5 years after surgery （n＝32）, and a control group with recent surgery for CRC （n＝32）. IMP3 immunohistochemistry was defined as positive if strong staining was present in the cancer cell membrane and cytoplasm, and ＞10％ of the whole tumor was stained. IMP3 expression was correlated with tumor size （P＝0.002） and TNM stage （P＝0.02）. There was a correlation between IMP3 expression at primary CRC and liver metastasis sites （P＜0.001）. IMP3 expression did not differ significantly in primary CRC with （17/27, 62.9％） and without （14/32, 43.7％） liver metastases （P＝0.14）, but IMP3 expression at the colorectal site tended to be higher in cases with liver metastases. These results suggest that IMP3 expression may be an indicator for a risk of CRC liver metastasis.

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Indocyanine green （ICG） fluorescence-guided surgery is widely used in gastroenterological procedures. The near-infrared ray catheter （NIRC） is a novel ureteral catheter used for laparoscopic pelvic surgery. However, the use of NIRC for fluorescent ureteral visualization in open surgery has not been described. The Medical Imaging Projection System （MIPS） was developed for real-time fluorescent observation during open surgery. We report the first case of ureteral visualization during open colon cancer surgery using NIRC with MIPS. An 87-year-old female was diagnosed with advanced cecal cancer using abdominal computed tomography and colonoscopy. The cancer extended from the terminal ileum to the cecum. The NIRC was inserted preoperatively, and open ileocolic resection was performed safely without ureteral injury. NIRC with MIPS facilitated real-time ureteral visualization. The patient had an uneventful postoperative course and was discharged on postoperative day 12. Real-time intraoperative ureteral visualization with NIRC using MIPS may aid in visualizing the urinary tract and preventing ureteral injury during open colorectal surgery. This technique represents a promising approach to enhancing safety during open surgical procedures.

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