バイオメカニズム学会誌

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The purpose of the present study was to examine the relation between the viscoelasticity and contractile force in the flexor pollicis longus(FPL) muscle of five male subjects. A small ramp stretch was applied to the FPL muscle when the subject maintained constant isometric force. The amount of stretch or shortening was 4.8 degrees around the articulatio interphalangeae pollicis joint and the duration was 30ms ; time courses of the length-perturbation were almost identical in all the experiments. The force(Fv) evoked by the viscoelasticity was calculated by the equation F-Fc-Fp only over the interval of 35ms after the onset of length-perturbation, where F was the measured force, Fc was the isometric force before the onset of perturbation and Fp was the force at the resting state obtained from the same length perturbation. These experiments were repeated varying the level of isometric force. The obtained result was as follows. The viscoelastic force(Fv) evoked by the length-perturbation was proportional to the contractile force (activation level of muscle) in both direction of stretching and shortening ; that is, viscoelasticity varied linearly with the level of contractile activity. The functional meaning of modulation of muscle viscoelasticity in limb movements was discussed from the control point of view.

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A method for estimating mechanochemical constants of the human skeletal muscle, such as elastic coefficient of the series elastic component, Es, elastic coefficient of the parallel elastic component, Ep, heat constant, a and rate constant of energy liberation, b was proposed; force responses to ramp length perturbation of the muscle at the resting and contracting states were compared with those of the model during the short period(50ms) after the onset of the perturbation. Time course of the length perturbation which could lead to the accurate estimation was determined by model analysis, in this paper. And, availability of this method was showed by applying it to the human pollicis longus flexor muscle.

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A computational model is proposed to recover the 3D structure and motion of a moving articulated object, related to "biological motion", from 2D projected images. Two constraints are assumed in the model: one is that an object consists of several rigid rods, and the other is that each rod rotates around its own axis fixed in relation to the joint with the preceding rod. We implemented the model on a computer and obtained satisfactory results from simulations using artificial motion and human walk as input data.

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The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the anthropometric characteristics of human body and the optimal vertical jump motion. The vertical jump motions were analyzed under various conditions, in which additional weights were attached to the subject at the shoulder, waist, or ankle. The computer simulations of the vertical jump were carried out based on the musculoskeletal model by varying the parameters of body segments of the musculoskeletal model. It was concluded that the jump height was affected by the body segment parameters such as the weight, the moment of inertia, and the center of gravity of each segment. It was also suggested that the relations between the power of mono-joint muscles and the segment weights should be optimal so that the two-joint muscles could transfer the energy to the distal segments and they could control the power of the mono-joint muscles in order to maximize the jump height.

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