Journal of the Society of Biomechanisms
Print ISSN : 0285-0885
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Volume 24, Issue 1
Displaying 1-20 of 20 articles from this issue
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  • Effects of Passive Standing on Cerebral Circulation and Heart Rate Variability in the Elderly
    Takayasu Kawaguchi, Osamu Uyama, Miwako Konishi, Tadahiro Nishiyama, T ...
    Article type: Article
    2000 Volume 24 Issue 1 Pages 36-44
    Published: February 01, 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: November 01, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3951/sobim.24.36
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    This study aimed at obtaining guidelines for the caring methods of elderly persons by evaluating the effects of cerebral circulation and heart rate variability of elderly persons engaged in passive standing. Seven-teen volunteers (nine healthy youths, six healthy elderly persons and two diabetic elderly persons) gave in-formed consent to participate in the study. Two experimental conditions were established: "active standing" -subjects stood by their own will with guidance from the assistant, and "passive standing" - subjects were placed in a standing position helped completely by the assistant. Main findings are as below, During both active and passive standing, elderly subjects clearly demonstrated a blunt sympathetic nervous response when compared with young subjects. Cerebral perfusion showed a transient decrease in cerebral blood flow in both young and elderly subjects immediately after active and passive standing. During passive standing, cerebral perfusion significantly decreased compared with that during active standing, and in particular, the decrease of the cerebral blood flow of the diabetic elderly subjects was remarkable. These results indicate the necessity for the development of bioengineered means that help elderly persons move by their own will, thus maintaining their muscle contractility and autonomic nervous system function, while paying attention to providing situations for them to stand by themselves with the least amount of assistance.
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  • Difference of S-R compatibility effect in left and right hemispatial response positions between upper and lower limbs
    Yuichiro Kato, Takaaki Asami, Mayumi Koshi, Tomohiro Kizuka
    Article type: Article
    2000 Volume 24 Issue 1 Pages 45-52
    Published: February 01, 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: November 01, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3951/sobim.24.45
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The present study was aimed to clarify the hemispatial effect to stimulus-response (S-R) compatibility in upper and lower limb responses, and to determine the difference in S-R compatibility effects in central information processing time and peripheral motor time between upper and lower limbs by measurement of reaction time divided into premotor time and motor time. In order to the either left or right stimulus and the two effectors had been positioned in same hemispace, the 90' head-rotation paradigm had been used. Twelve subjects participated in two experimental conditions (left and right hemispatial conditions). One S-R assign-ment was Compatible (left/left, right/right), and the other assignment was Incompatible (left/right, right/left). The analysis of premotor time showed the S-R compatibility effect for both upper and lower limb responses, but they were not influenced by hemispatial effect. Accordingly, it was suggested that the hemispatial effect was not influenced to S-R compatibility in upper and lower limbs, but the translation time of stimulus to response code was strongly affected. And the analysis of difference in S-R compatibility effect between upper and lower limb was not significant for premotor time, though it was significant for motor time. We concluded that S-R compatibility effect for central information processing time was not different between upper and lower limb, but for motor program respect to peripheral motor control was different in both response effectors.
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  • Algorithm for calculating seven joint angles of upper extremity from positions and Euler angles of upper arm and hand
    Ken-ichi Oikawa, Kinya Fujita
    Article type: Article
    2000 Volume 24 Issue 1 Pages 53-60
    Published: February 01, 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: November 01, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3951/sobim.24.53
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    An algorithm is proposed to calculate the seven joint angles of upper extremity including shoulder rota-tion, forearm rotation and other joint angles related to shoulder, elbow and wrist joints. The algorithm calculates the joint angles as well as the joint positions from the spatial positions and the Euler angles of two sensors on the hand back and the posterior upper arm, while that info.rmation is provided by a magnetic position sensing system. The error of the shoulder rotation was reduced to 3.0 degree by the calibration. The error of the calcu-lated forearm length during elbow and wrist motion was 9mm in maximum and 1.3mm in average. The joint angles were calculated successfully with sufficient accuracy and no crosstalk by the proposed algorithm.
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