Journal of the Society of Biomechanisms
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Volume 40, Issue 1
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
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  • Basic Study of the Crush Syndrome Preventer to Equip Life-saving Robot
    Study of the Treatment to Stem the Lower Limb Blood Flow Using CSP Mechanism and its Measurement -
    Taku SAHASHI, Akira SAHASHI, Hisashi UCHIYAMA, Akira SHIONOYA, Ichiro ...
    2016 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 35-42
    Published: 2016
    Released on J-STAGE: January 15, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3951/sobim.40.1_35
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Crush Syndrome (referred to in the rest of this document as CS) was killed many victims at Great Hanshin Earthquake, but there is no viable countermeasure even now. Therefore, we have proposed and researched Life-saving Robot. This time, we experimented about the Mechanism of CS Preventer to be equipped on that Robot. This Mechanism has a purpose that preventing the onset of CS until victim is carried by the Robot to doctors waiting at a safe area. This Mechanism compress the groin by pressure materials, stem the femoral vein blood flow to prevent reperfusion. Furthermore, femoral artery and vain are adjoining, the flow velocity measurements of posterior tibial artery was used as an indicator of the femoral vein ischemia. A result of the experiment, the mechanism of CS preventer showed high Circulation blocking rate more than a thigh avascularization and a groin compression by palm. Furthermore, it was suggested that the requirement of a pressure value to ischemia have individual differences with age and body fat percentage.
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  • Holistic Evaluation of Gait Development in Children by Principal Component Analysis
    Akira SAWATOME, Mitsunori TADA, Hiroshi TAKEMURA, Makiko KOUCHI, Masaa ...
    2016 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 43-50
    Published: 2016
    Released on J-STAGE: January 15, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3951/sobim.40.1_43
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Entire gait characteristics were quantized by principal component analysis (PCA) for eight children (longitudinal survey from the age of 4 years to 7) to reveal the age-related difference in children. Temporal sequence of lower-limb angle and joint moment were compressed into lower dimensional space by PCA those were then evaluated in terms of change in gait pattern and variability among different age group. As a result of PCA, both first and second principal component (PC1 and PC2) were revealed to represent the role of ankle joint. This change was reported as typical difference between children and adults in the previous research. We found out that the gait pattern continued to change linearly in the lower dimensional space, while its variability were converged into constant value with age. These results suggest that development of gait pattern and acquiring its repeatability were independent phenomena. Also, it is clear that PCA enabled us to evaluate change in entire gait pattern keeping as much information as possible that can not be achieved by kinematic index such as step length or cadence.
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  • A Biomechanical Study on Toe Grasping and Posture Control
    Saori YUKINARI, Hiroshi YAMADA, Keita OGAWARA, Hideyuki NAGAO
    2016 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 51-57
    Published: 2016
    Released on J-STAGE: January 15, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3951/sobim.40.1_51
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between toe grasping and posture control. We measured toe grasping strength (TGS) during voluntary muscle contraction and passive muscle contraction, and the distance of movement of the center of pressure (COP) during standing. The relationship between TGS and static posture control was examined. Furthermore, we measured dynamic postural control, which is a measure of endurance against forward and backward disturbances during standing. Surface EMGs were detected from lower calf muscles and toe muscles during the measurements. As a result, a positive correlation was seen between passive TGS and static posture control (p<0.05). Similarly, positive correlations were seen between TGS and dynamic posture control (p<0.05), indicating that TGS affected posture control. The amplitude of EMGs in the lower limb was significantly larger in the high TGS group than in the low TGS group (p<0.05), reflecting larger motor unit recruitment in subjects in the high TGS group. These results suggested that passive TGS plays important roles in maintaining dynamic posture control.
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