Journal of the Society of Biomechanisms
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Volume 40, Issue 3
Displaying 1-12 of 12 articles from this issue
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Reviews
Papers
  • Gait Characteristics of high scoreres of the locomotive syndrome
    Baku SUZUKI, Yoshiyuki KOBAYASHI, Masaaki MOCHIMARU, Hiroshi FUJIMOTO
    2016 Volume 40 Issue 3 Pages 183-193
    Published: 2016
    Released on J-STAGE: January 15, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3951/sobim.40.3_183
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The purpose of this study was to identify the key joint kinematics characteristics during walking that related to Locomotive syndrome (LS) in order to develop some kind of device which can assess the risk of LS from gait on a daily basis. For this purpose, joint kinematics data during walking were obtained from 54 healthy community-dwelling elderly subjects (10 belong to LS). From these data, we calculated time-normalized lower limb joint angles on three planes during one gait cycle. For each time point, we also calculated averages and standard deviations of joint angles within the 5 trials. Principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted using input matrix made from the time–normalized lower limb joint angle kinematics (3 Planes × 3 Joints × 101 poins × 2 parameters). To determine Principal Component Vector (PCV) related to LS, we conducted t-tests on the Principal Component Scores of each PCV related to LS between LS group and non-LS group. To understand joint kinematics related to LS, we reconstructed them from each PCV related to LS. Among these PCVs, PCV 6 affect walking speed from hip and anlke joint angles point of view, and PCV 12 affect walking speed from cadence point of view. These PCVs revealed that LS group walks smaller walking speed than non-LS group. Further, PCV 9 related to ROM during walking on sagittal plane: LS group tended to showe smaller ROM than non-LS group. However, this PCV did not relate to spatiotemporal variables such as walking speed or step length. These findings suggest the possibility to develop some kind of sensor systems to assess LS using these characteristics .
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  • Method for estimating energy expenditure for internal work in rowing
    Yusuke SHIRAI, Fumiya TANJI, Fuminori TAKAYAMA, Yoshiharu NABEKURA
    2016 Volume 40 Issue 3 Pages 195-203
    Published: 2016
    Released on J-STAGE: January 15, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3951/sobim.40.3_195
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Rowers pull a handle to generate propelling force while moving their bodies back and forth. In this study, we considered a method for estimating the energy expenditure for the work done by a moving body, which was defined as internal work in ergometer rowing. Ten collegiate rowers participated in this study. They increased only the stroke rate while keeping the power output constant in three power output conditions. During the exercise, we measured the oxygen uptake (VO2) and physical activity level, which was assessed by using a triaxial acceleration sensor. The power output conditions were 90% and 100% of power output at the lactate threshold (90%LT and 100%LT) and no load condition (NL). VO2 and physical activity level increased with increasing stroke rate, and they indicated a strong linear relationship in each condition. The slope of the regression line was significantly larger under the NL condition than under the 90%LT and 100%LT conditions; however, 90%LT and 100%LT did not differ significantly. These results suggest that the relationship between physical activity level and VO2, which was assessed under 90% LT or 100%LT condition, will be useful to estimate the energy expenditure for the internal work done in ergometer rowing.
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  • Biomechanical study on effects of the spinal orthosis (so-called “Rucksacktype Orthosis”) on gait of spondylosis patient
    Toru SAKUMA, Michiyoshi AE, Yasuto KOBAYASHI
    2016 Volume 40 Issue 3 Pages 205-211
    Published: 2016
    Released on J-STAGE: January 15, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3951/sobim.40.3_205
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The purpose of this study was to investigate effect of the position of load of Rucksack-type Orthosis on the external moment about the hip joint during gait of spondylosis patients. The participants were five patients and nine healthy elderly people. The gait motion was captured with VICON MX T-series and the ground reaction forces during support phase were collected with two Kistler force platforms. A high, low and pelvic height orthosis of 1 kg weight was put on the back of the participant. The patients with the high back and pelvic orthosis showed the decrease in the maximum of the external forward moment about the hip joint during one walking cycle, though there were no unaskable changes in trunk posture and walking pattern. Horizontal anterior-posterior moment was the longest of the components of the external moment about the hip joint during gait. The results indicated that the load on the lower back muscles would decrease with the high and pelvic orthoses, and that the adjustment of orthosis in weight position might improve suitability of orthosis by considering patient’s trunk posture and walking speed.
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Reports
  • Effect of sensory substation using tactile biofeedback system on postural control in a patient with bilateral transtibial amputation
    Kazuhiro YASUDA, Shuntarou HORIKAWA, Daisuke MUROI, Hiroyasu IWATA
    2016 Volume 40 Issue 3 Pages 213-219
    Published: 2016
    Released on J-STAGE: January 15, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3951/sobim.40.3_213
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    We investigated whether a biofeedback system that provided supplementary vibrotactile sensory cues associated with the center of foot pressure displacement contributes to postural control in a patient with transtibial amputation. Postural stability using a force plate revealed improved stability of the bipedal posture only in the eyes-closed condition, but not in the eyes-open condition, and this effect had a brief carry-over effect. We found that this patient achieved postural control mainly using visual information, and since the vibrotactile biofeedback improved postural stability in the eyes-closed condition, there seems to exist sensory substitution for postural control. This confirms the potential of a haptic-based BF system for balance training, both in routine clinical practice and in everyday life.
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