This paper explored the evolutionary process of agri-tourism in Umbria, central Italy, where is often referred as the growth center of agri-tourism in the country. The main points discussed in this paper are followings: First, the agri-tourism in this region has been increased its markets in terms of not only size, but also quality due to its rather higher profitability than the one of conventional farming. Specifically, the Umbrian agri-tourism has progressed toward more and more facility oriented manner, or capital using and labor saving direction, which requires more fixed investment than what it took. This fact means that early starters have advantage for further expansion of the business while late comers need more financial capability than the former.

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Many minshuku have been opened along with the development of ski tourism since 1960 in Iiyama. However, the number of ski tourists have rapidly decreased since around 1990. The government of Iiyama tried to promote rural tourism in order to increase tourists in the green seasons. Many minshuku started to have a function of farmhouse accommodation for green tourists who want to try some agricultural activities. The number of tourists have been increasing in the green season in the minshuku region. Today, they are managing accommodation through out year with reducing agricultural works. Especially, large minshuku play an important part for the development of rural tourism in Ota district.

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The purpose of this study is to clarify the present condition and trend in sightseeing by people of Chiba Prefecture to Atami spa, as well as point out the activation of Atami spa. The results are as follows: 75% of the respondents to questionnaires have had previous experience of visiting Atami spa, with half of this have visited over twice. According to their impressions on ”hot spring facility”, ”traffic access” and ”hotel meaI” were good, while the ”row of houses along the street”; ”regional environment” and ”hotel service” were indicated as bad. Further, the problems of Atami spa include the creation of attractive spot and spa town, with a great deal of atmosphere and reasonable hotel charges, among others. The authors' suggestions presented in this study cover the formation of a stay-over and the promotion of regional guide system of Atami spa.

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In this essay, there is a re-evaluation of the meaning of ”nature” in the context of ecotourism. Generally, this meaning seems influenced by Western environmental perspectives and movements which tend to regard ”nature” as being separated from human societies. However, in Japan the boundary between nature and human has not been separated but is blurred, and there is also a perception that aesthetically tamed nature can be ”genuine” nature. Accordingly, most cultivated area are possibly one type of resource for ecotourism in Japan, and as a result, it is important to develop the Japanese-style ecotourism.

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This study explores the present situation of a rural community ecotourism development initiative in Madang Province of Papua New Guinea. The Wasab ecotourism community development project, as is known, currently involves joint efforts from three rural villages that share common land boundaries to counteract damages caused to the rainforest lands by logging operations between 1985 and 1987. The undertaking of ecotourism activities here actually started in 1996, with the subsequent launching of this initiative in 1998, coinciding with the inception of its five-year development plan, aimed at achieving conservation of the remaining rainforests and sustainable socio-economic development; on the whole, an improved quality of life at these rural villages was aspired for. Thus far, the locals have endeavoured rigorously to achieve these goals. This study, through field surveys conducted between 2002 and 2003, explored overwhelming evidences of benefits accrued, including community asset developments in spite of various constraints faced with.

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The purpose of this study is to clarify the historical development of ethnic tourism and its consequence in Taiwan during the period of Japanese colonized. Through the literature study, it comes to the following conclusions: In the early Japanese colonized period, tourism was used as a kind of colonial policy to change the Taiwanese aboriginal culture and life style. When the suppression was down, the commercial tourism was promoted in the aboriginal community by the colonial government. The tourism policy in the time of Japanese colonized had a tremendous impact on the formative of tourism culture in Taiwan, and had a great influence on the formulation of people's understandings on tourism.

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