The Geographical Survey Institute is responsible for the national fundamental survey, which has been carried out for the past century as the basis for the mapping and the engineering works. The works at present are to establish and maintain the control points throughout Japan. Although data obtained are still essential for map making, development and conservation of the land, main purposes of the fundamental survey at present time is to get inf ormations for the prediction of the earthquake and to set up the control points for the area where large scale mapping or cadastral surveys are planned. The geodetic fundamental survey comprises a number of surveys: Precise geodetic survey, Precise traverse survey, Quadrilateral base line survey, Levelling and Astronomical observation.
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