測地学会誌

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A nationwide continuous GPS network started in 1994 has clarified instantaneous interseismic crustal deformation of the Japanese islands. A large part of the interseismic deformation is attributed to the interplate coupling on boundaries between subducting plates and continental ones. Modeling of interseismic deformation often uses a concept of “slip-deficit” or “back-slip” which are virtual slip to represent a coupled boundary. Deformation due to sliding on a whole block boundary is often approximated by rigid block motion. However, deviation from the rigid motion may not be negligible depending on geometry of the boundary. In a block-fault model, surface displacement is represented by the sum of rigid motion of tectonic blocks and deformation due to slip-deficit on their boundaries. Many researchers have used these concepts to estimate interplate coupling from the interseismic deformation of the Japanese islands. Geodetic data including triangulation, trilateration, and leveling data have been accumulated in Japan for about 130 years. Comparing these data and GPS data gives us a new insight for seismotectonics of the Japanese islands.

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Japanese lunar explorer SELENE (KAGUYA) was equipped with 14 instruments for various measurements of the Moon. Three of these instruments took geodetic measurements of the Moon. These were two sub-satellites and a laser altimeter. They achieved all the missions expected before launch and obtained excellent results. The main results obtained by the instruments are 1) precise orbit determination with an accuracy of ten meters by Doppler and same-beam VLBI, 2) the first precise gravity fields on the lunar far side by 4-way Doppler measurements, 3) the first topography in latitudes higher than 86 degrees, 4) a global map of the gravity anomaly by using the global topography and the global gravity fields, 5) a global map of the lunar crustal thickness and 6) an illumination rate map in the north and south polar regions. These results open the new stage of lunar geodesy now.

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