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Online ISSN : 2188-9406
Print ISSN : 0584-1380
ISSN-L : 0584-1380
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40 巻, 1 号
通巻123号
選択された号の論文の19件中1～19を表示しています
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小特集/予言の自己成就
  • はじめに
    高坂 健次
    1995 年 40 巻 1 号 p. 3-4
    発行日: 1995/05/31
    公開日: 2017/02/15
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14959/soshioroji.40.1_3
    ジャーナル フリー
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  • I 宗教教団における予言
    「誰でも霊能者になれる」のはなぜか
    川端 亮
    1995 年 40 巻 1 号 p. 5-17,198
    発行日: 1995/05/31
    公開日: 2017/02/15
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14959/soshioroji.40.1_5
    ジャーナル フリー
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    　The proposition called "self-fulfilling prophecy" is seldom discussed in sociology of religion. However, the prophecy plays an important role in religion. In this paper, the process of actualization of prophecy which is important to SHINNYO-EN will be shown based on the result of the survey. It is the purpose of this paper to provide a subject for the study on the proposition called "self-fulfilling prophecy".
    　SHINNYO-EN has an important prophecy "Anyone can be a Reinosya". The process of actualization of this prophecy will be shown in three stages. First, the process where a believer comes to accept the prophecy will be shown based on the change in his motive. Then, the change in his view of the world will be depicted based on the change of his words which express the contents of the discipline. Finally, what is the power which actualize the prophecy will be discussed. The believer will insist that this power is the power of the founder of the order and the power of its doctrine. Many people may explain that it is the result of his efforts. However, this power works only when the believers formed a group.
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  • II 教育
    学校間格差の発生
    岩本 健良
    1995 年 40 巻 1 号 p. 18-27,197
    発行日: 1995/05/31
    公開日: 2017/02/15
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14959/soshioroji.40.1_18
    ジャーナル フリー
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    　Self-fulfilling prophecies on education cover various phenomena: examination neurosis, Pygmalion effects, scholarships, delinquencies, and bullying. School and university rankings can also have the function of self-fulfilling prophecies, especially in Japan. The ranking in Japan is well known, and the hierarchy is indicated mostly by the difficulty of the admission examination. Students are eager to enter higher ranked schools/universities. Institutionalized allocation systems promote the tendency, and the ranking is more elaborated. A simple threshold model of two schools, present the basic mechanism. The simulation model shows: (1) Little differences may increase rapidly, and attain a stable equilibrium at the maximum level. (2) If nobody wants the differentiation, it is generated. (3) The acuteness of response to other peoples' behavior, decides whether the difference is created or not. The correlation of university rankings in 1975 and in 1993 is more than 0.80. Despite the difference in regimes, the two correlations - in the national and public universities and in private universities, are much the same. Although the long term stability of the hierarchy suggests the fulfillment of such prophecies, it is not the sufficient condition of them. Four methods to verify empirically whether the prophecy is truly self-fulfilled, are presented. The first two are direct but difficult in practice. The last two are indirect, using time-series or cross-sectional data on the variances of the ability of the examinees.
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  • III ジェンダー
    平等化と差異化
    柳原 佳子
    1995 年 40 巻 1 号 p. 28-36,196
    発行日: 1995/05/31
    公開日: 2017/02/15
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14959/soshioroji.40.1_28
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    　Gender, this concept itself is a kind of institutional self-fulfilling prophecy. That is, the content of gender is a system, produced to divide human behaviors into some social flamework of "man" and "woman", on the basis of, or with reference to biologicalreproductive division of "male" and "female".
    　But, the relation of "man" and "woman" is always constructed, deconstructed, and reconstructed as time goes by. Then, this paper examines the self-fulfilling process of gender, by defining gender relation as a realm constructing a ptoductive relation in a broad sense, and this realm is subdivided into <division of lavor> <power> <cathexis>. On its procedure, I would like to take notice of two vectors of "equalizationl" and "defferenciation" simultaneously.
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  • IV 広告
    あるテレビCMの事例から
    巽 健一
    1995 年 40 巻 1 号 p. 37-43,195
    発行日: 1995/05/31
    公開日: 2017/02/15
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14959/soshioroji.40.1_37
    ジャーナル フリー
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    　The problem discussed here is whether a self-fulfilling prophecy could take place in the field of advertising.
    　Merton's thesis might be summarized as follows: the utterances of a "prophet" (i.e. a recognizer of the situation) exert influence on the attitudes and actions of so many people that the "structural change of situation" takes place like a chain reaction, and consequently the situation predicted by the prophet becomes a reality.
    　Advertising has a dominant characteristic distinguishing itself from news and rumors. That is, people know well that the transmitted messages are advantageous to the advertiser, who they think is trying to tempt them into designed reactions. The intentions of commercial messages are usually too obvious for the receiver (the recognizer of the situation) to think of other possible implications than what are manifestly expressed in the messages. This means that they can cause no structural changes of the situation, and that therefore Merton's thesis doesn't apply to the field of advertising.
    　Thus I examine the possibility of the self-fulfilling prophecy peculiar to advertising. First, I regard the "prophet" as an agent of a different category from that of the "recognizer of the situation". In this case, the former is the advertiser, and the latter the receiver. Commercial messages are regarded as "prophecies", because they are the only available messages, since the receiver can hardly imagine other situations than what are described in the explicit messages. However, "prophecies" in this sense are vastly unlike those of Merton's prophet, because they have no power to bring about structural changes of the situation.
    　Nevertheless, even in the field of advertising, there can be cases where Merton's thesis is applicable. In this paper, I present one of such particular cases as are found in the field of TV commercial film.
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  • コメントⅠ　予言の自己成就
    〈意図せざる〉結果と〈誤った〉状況の規定
    中野 正大
    1995 年 40 巻 1 号 p. 44-50
    発行日: 1995/05/31
    公開日: 2017/02/15
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14959/soshioroji.40.1_44
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  • コメントⅡ　複合現象としての「予言の自己成就」
    正村 俊之
    1995 年 40 巻 1 号 p. 51-57
    発行日: 1995/05/31
    公開日: 2017/02/15
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14959/soshioroji.40.1_51
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  • 「予言の自己実現」と因果の環
    木村 洋二
    1995 年 40 巻 1 号 p. 58-67
    発行日: 1995/05/31
    公開日: 2017/02/15
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14959/soshioroji.40.1_58
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論文
  • 新たな社会契約
    フランス第三共和政期における福祉国家の哲学的基礎
    北垣 徹
    1995 年 40 巻 1 号 p. 69-87,194
    発行日: 1995/05/31
    公開日: 2017/02/15
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14959/soshioroji.40.1_69
    ジャーナル フリー
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    　Sous la Troisième République, on peut apercevoir une nouvelle rationalité qui s'inscrit dans le cadre de l'Etat providence. Les auteurs républicains tentent, en essayant de terminer la Révolution française, d'établir les nouveaux fondements philosophiques pour la République. Dans cette tentative, un des concepts les plus importants est le «quasi-contrat» dont la problématique diffère profondément de celle de Rousseau. En refusant la référence à la «nature», la question de la légitimité se dissimule, chez Durkheim ainsi que chez Bourgeois, derrière une autre idée de contrat qui permet seulement de promouvoir le social, plutôt que de fonder radicalement la société ellemême. En d'autres termes, ce contrat ne se situe plus à l'origine à partir de laquelle se développerait logiquement toute la légitimité de la société. Il doit être sans cesse consenti par les membres de la société, comme si ceux-ci pratiquaient des rituels, pour faire mieux fonctionner les institutions sociales.
    　Tandis que les républicains de la Troisième République élaborent ce concept de quasi-contrat social, la notion de la responsabilité se transforme complètement du point de vue juridique, en s'accompagnant de la nouvelle perspective à l'égard des risques. A la première moitié du XIXe siècle, les libéraux ont considéré le sujet responsable comme noyau théorique de leur pensée libérale. Mais avec l'optique des risques qui fonctionne comme catégorie épistémologique et permet la perception juridique inédite, l'idee de responsabilité perd le rigorisme individualiste que lui a donné le libéralisme et devient aliénable et partageable dans une collectivité. D'où vient la notion de l'assurance. Dans ce qu'on appelle la "société assurancielle" qui voit la floraison des techniques de l'assurance, on peut constater la problématisation indispensable à l'Etat providence.
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  • 近代社会における「宗教」の位置
    世俗化論・再考
    沼尻 正之
    1995 年 40 巻 1 号 p. 89-107,192
    発行日: 1995/05/31
    公開日: 2017/02/15
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14959/soshioroji.40.1_89
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    　In diesem Aufsatz setze ich mich mit dem Problem der 'Säkularisierung' von Religion auseinander, um auf den Funktionswandel der Religion in der modernen Gesellschaft einzugehen. Seit den 60er Jahren existiert eine intensive Diskussion über das Thema, die aber teilweise sehr polemisch geführt wird. Ich behandele das Problem der 'Säkularisierung' als 'Sinnproblem', weil die für das Thema erstellten statistischen Untersuchungen meines Erachtens bisher keine überzeugende Lösung der Problematik angeboten haben.
    　Meiner Meinung nach wird die 'Säkularisierung' im europäischen Kontext vor allem als 'Entkirchlichung' verstanden. Es ist aber fraglich, ob dieses Verständnis im kulturvergleichenden Zusammenhang Gültigkeit hat, und ob der 'Säkularisierungsprozeß' ein mit der Modernisierung fortschreitender zwangsläufiger Prozeß ist.
    　Es muß weiter herausgestellt werden, daß die Behauptung der Existenz des 'Säkularisierungsprozesses' einige theoretische Vonaussetzungen hat, wie z. B. die den soziologischen Säkularisierungsthesen unterlegte substantielle Definition von Religion, oder die Idee, daß es irgendwann in der Vergangenheit ein 'Zeitaler des Glaubens' gab.
    　Als Ergebnis arbeite ich heraus, daß der 'Säkularisierungsprozeß', analytisch gesehen, zwei Dimensionen enthält, nämlich eine Institutionsebene und eine das Bewußtsein betreffende Ebene. Auf der Institutionsebene zeigt es sich, daß die historische Entwicklung der Religion den Verlust der mannigfaltigen gesellschaftlichen Bedeutungen gebracht hat, die sie vorher hatte A Herdings ist der Gedanke, daß der Verlust der Integrationsfunktion den Niedergang der Religion gebracht hat, fraglich. Durch die von der Entwicklung der Naturwissenschaft und der Technologie bestimmte Rationalisierung verlor die Relgion ihre Überzeugungskraft zwar teilweise. Doch die Probleme von Leben und Tod betreffen den Menschen auf einer existentiellen Ebene des Bewußtseins und konfrontieren ihn mit Vergänglichkeit und Leid. Hier kann Religion Antworten bieten, die unabhängig von jedem Prozeß der Säkularisierung ihre helfende Funktion behalten.
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  • 性別役割分業意識の二つの次元
    「性による役割振り分け」と「愛による再生産役割」
    大和 礼子
    1995 年 40 巻 1 号 p. 109-126,192
    発行日: 1995/05/31
    公開日: 2017/02/15
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14959/soshioroji.40.1_109
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    　The present study identifies two crucial factors which appear to determine the attitudes of Japanese middle-aged women toward 'sexual-division-of-labor'. Factor 1 reflects the following attitude: 'while men should be responsible for the household incomes, women should be responsible for the domestic chores'. This attitude seems to have a root in the idea that roles should be assigned to persons on the basis of their sexes. Therefore, Factor 1 is labelled 'Role-assignment on the basis of sexes'. Factor 2 reflects the following attitude: 'women should take reproductive roles because they have instinctive affection to their children and family'. Therefore, Factor 2 is labelled 'Women 's reproductive roles on the basis of their instinctive affection'.
    　Although both factors influence the Japanese middle-aged women to accept their 'domestic roles', they are different each other in the following points. Fisrtly, while Factor 1 can not be compatible with the egalitarian attitude toward sex, Factor 2 can be compatible with it. Secondly, while Factor 1 has correlation with women's educational level, Factor 2 has correlation with their employment. This outlook suggests that these two factors are formed through different ways; Factor 1 is formed through education and Factor 2 is through employment.
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