巻号一覧
41 巻, 1 号
通巻 126号
選択された号の論文の11件中1～11を表示しています
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論文
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協力ゲームによるヴェーバー権利論のフォーマライゼーション太郎丸 博1996 年 41 巻 1 号 p. 3-16,136
発行日: 1996/05/31
公開日: 2016/12/22
ジャーナル フリーAlthough equal distribution of rights is considered to be very important according to modern human rights thought, they are often ditributed unequally in actual societies. The aim of this paper is to clarify the conditions that cause unequal ditribution of rights in society by formalizing Weber's theory of rights using Cooperative Game Theory. According to Weber's theory, the author argues that rights are "rare chances" monopolized by means of "dual closure". After formalizing this argument mathematically using Cooperative Game Theory, the author presents the concept of "Ψ-stability", which deals with imputations and coalition structure. Ψ-stability is used to illustrate the conditions that lead to the instability of the equal distribution of rights.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2002K) -
比較レベルと自己相対化をめぐって大川 清丈1996 年 41 巻 1 号 p. 19-33,135
発行日: 1996/05/31
公開日: 2016/12/22
ジャーナル フリーThis article examines the comparative method in Max Weber's empirical works, rather than in his methodological works. He sets a question from the point of view of ‘the son of modern European cultural world': why did the culutural phenomena with universal sense，such as capitalism，appear in the West? This question is investigated thoroughly in his sociological study of religion. He compares modern Europe with other societies.
However，'modern Europe' is not uniform. Weber takes the differences in European countries into consideration. For example，we can reconstruct his famous work The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism as the study around Germany. In other words，he compares Germany with other countries.
The method in his comparative studies is characterized as 'case-oriented approach' in contrast with ‘variable-oriented approach' (Ragin 1987). The goal in the case-oriented approach is to interpret a common historical outcome or process across a limited range of cases. This method is holistic: it treats cases as whole entities. The main weakness of the case-oriented approach is its tendency toward particularizing.
However，he also examines a lot of concepts in his theoretical studies. He uses these concepts as variables to interpret historical process. For example, such concepts as status group (Stand) and class are useful for interpreting and explaining bureaucracy in the modern world，especially in Germany.
Further, he describes ‘modernity' as the limit of modern Europe and his contemporary Germany in a pessimistic tone. ‘Modernity' is not a case but a combination of concept variables.
Finally, I concｌude that Weber combines the case-oriented approach with the variable-oriented approach in his own fashion，and that his comparative studies performs the self-relativization of modern Europe and his contemporary Germany, which makes his works outstanding.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2026K) -
現代日本社会における説明力と適用範囲についての一考察吉川 徹1996 年 41 巻 1 号 p. 35-49,134
発行日: 1996/05/31
公開日: 2016/12/22
ジャーナル フリーCultural reproduction theory, which was suggested by P. Bourdieu and J-C. Passeron (1970), S. Bowles and H. Gintis (1976) or B. Bernstein (1971) has been imported to Japan for more than twenty years. Studies of social mobility are inevitably related to it. However there are not so many empirical studies discussing the relationship between these two fields. This paper examines the validity and the extent of cultural reproduction theory in relation to the status attainment process in contemporary Japan.
H. Fujita, T. Miyajima and their colleagues conducted two surveys in order to replicate Bourdieu and Passeron's work in Japan. They invented some Japanese original variables to measure cultural capital. One of them is a vocabulary test as an index of linguistic ability. We also applied it to our own research on 1990s' Japanese junior high and high school students and their parents (686 families). The research design allows me to analyze the relationship between social class and linguistic ability of adult men (fathers) , and the relationships among that of students and their parents.
The conclusions are the following. Social class does have a meaningful effect on parental linguistic ability. However, there are significant but small magnitude of parent-child relationships of linguistic abilities. Then there is no longer a significant relationship between social class and students' linguistic ability. These conclusions indicate that it is not appropriate to apply cultural reproduction theory to all Japanese social strata. This also implies that the effect of school education will be more important than that of cultural capital when we explain status attainment process in contemporary Japan.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2335K) -
ライフ・ヒストリーからの一考察倉石 一郎1996 年 41 巻 1 号 p. 51-67,133
発行日: 1996/05/31
公開日: 2016/12/22
ジャーナル フリーPost-war Japanese society has been characterized by the "myth" that only one ethnic group (Japanese) constitutes this society. But of course, as the result of Japanese colonialization of Korea, many Korean residents live in Japan. The myth produces, on the side of Koreans, the "Japanese-vs-Korean shema" which legitimizes the exclusion and discrimination.
This paper focused on the contribution of the formation of so-called (Korean-in-Japan Identity) to the social resistance and social change. As the resources of the insight, the author used two oral life-histories and analyzed both of two intensively. The framework of analysis was borrowed by E. H. Erikson's identity theory which relates youth crisis with social change. The author focused on how each Korean faced the youth crisis and by what kind of commitment to the ideological forces they tried to solve the crisis.
The analysis suggested the limits and potentials of solution mechanisms (ideological forces) which were developed in Korean community. On the one hand, as was seen in "CHO-SOREN", typical ideological force produces coherent ethnic identity but provides only "total" (Erikson) solution. Thus, it cannot help the integration of experiences and also cannot provide historical perspective. More importantly, it often internalizes the "myth" and is confined by and fixes the "Japanese-vs-Korean shema". So it cannot resist to the dominant Japanese ideology. On the other hand, new and more flexible resistance was seen in a woman's life-histories which shows the possibility to transcend the dominant "Japanese-vs-Korean shema". She impressively talked about her refusion of the endogamy ideology of Korean community, her commitments to some enclave-based activities, and her resistance to the foreigner management policies of Japanese government.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2471K) -
結婚・出産退職傾向のコーホート分析田中 重人1996 年 41 巻 1 号 p. 69-85,132
発行日: 1996/05/31
公開日: 2016/12/22
ジャーナル フリーDiscussed is how occupational structure determines women's quitting behavior on marriage and childbirth, which is the main factor of discontinuity of women's workforce participation in Japan. With the exception of those who employed in family enterprises, we restrict our attention to the modern sexual division of labor, the division between occupational and domestic labor. Personal histories are drawn from a 1985 nationwide survey. The samples are divided into two cohorts: born before 1945 and after. Three hypotheses compete in explaining changes between the two cohorts.
The first hypothesis argues that higher occupational status reduces quitting rate (QR) because of its economic advantage and better occupational condition. The data show contrary to the hypothesis: Higher occupations exhibit higher QR.
The second hypothesis argues that, in workplace under the Japanese management, sex segregation between stable and mobile employment increases QR through encouraging gender ideology. We reject this hypothesis because changes in inter-firm mobility of men and women are inconsistent with changes in QR.
The third hypothesis argues that opportunities of advancement (OA) discourage women from quitting. To measure OA, we feature two factors: (1) size of internal labor markets and (2) frequency of inter-firm upward mobility. We observe just this hypothesis expect: Decrease in both of the factors is necessary and sufficient to increase QR.
The results show OA to be the main and direct cause of promoting continuity of women's work-force participation. It is also suggested that Japanese women have made no gain in OA in the postwar period, which stiff situation may be the reason why QR has been keeping the level of 60%.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2411K)
DOING SOCIOLOGY
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細辻 恵子1996 年 41 巻 1 号 p. 87-92
発行日: 1996/05/31
公開日: 2016/12/22
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (816K)
視点
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宮本 孝二1996 年 41 巻 1 号 p. 93-95
発行日: 1996/05/31
公開日: 2016/12/22
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (317K)
書評
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高城 和義, 油井 清光1996 年 41 巻 1 号 p. 97-105
発行日: 1996/05/31
公開日: 2016/12/22
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (1151K) -
浜 日出夫, 森 元孝1996 年 41 巻 1 号 p. 106-113
発行日: 1996/05/31
公開日: 2016/12/22
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (1151K) -
森下 伸也, 木村 洋二1996 年 41 巻 1 号 p. 114-124
発行日: 1996/05/31
公開日: 2016/12/22
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (1305K) -
片桐 雅隆, 新 睦人1996 年 41 巻 1 号 p. 125-131
発行日: 1996/05/31
公開日: 2016/12/22
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (1012K)
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