ソシオロジ
Online ISSN : 2188-9406
Print ISSN : 0584-1380
ISSN-L : 0584-1380
51 巻, 3 号
通巻 158号
選択された号の論文の16件中1~16を表示しています
論文
  • 近代西欧の廃嘘へのまなざしを手がかりに
    木村 至聖
    2007 年 51 巻 3 号 p. 3-19,210
    発行日: 2007/02/28
    公開日: 2016/03/23
    ジャーナル フリー
     Social concern regarding World Cultural Heritage is growing. However, little attention has been given to the fact that inherent to this process is the risk of oversimplifying the lifestyles of others and limiting their diversity.
     The purpose of this article is to critique the "cultural heritage ideology" which places absolute trust in its own value system. To date, cultural sociological studies have addressed cultural heritage as an ideological device for modern nation-state building. They generally attribute cultural-historical meaning to unknown objects and integrate them into the existing value system. This study will focus on another aspect of cultural heritage. By exploring people's admiration for "ruins" in modern society, I will reconsider the root from which the valuing of "cultural heritage" comes.
     It should also be noted that the growing interest in "ruins" is a feature of post-modern social formation wherein we cannot control the waste of capitalist society. This point of view may contribute to a reconsideration of modernity itself.
     Firstly, this paper examines the discovery of "ruins" as a form of picturesque beauty in 18th century Western Europe. Secondly, it describes how these ruins were adopted as cultural heritage under 19th century imperialism. This process will offer the key to an understanding of today's "cultural heritage ideology." Finally, I will look into the prospect of a critique of this ideology by looking at "ruins," borrowing from Walter Benjamin's cultural sociological concept of "trace."
  • 飯島伸子における「被害構造論」の視座
    友澤 悠季
    2007 年 51 巻 3 号 p. 21-37,209
    発行日: 2007/02/28
    公開日: 2016/03/23
    ジャーナル フリー
     Recently, we in the field of sociology have started asking whether the discipline can make a valuable contribution to the study of environmental problems. This paper examines the works of Nobuko Iijima (1938-2001) with regard to the "social structures of pollution victims". Sociologist Iijima devoted her life to fieldwork on a wide variety of environmental problems, and is famous now for being the founder of the Japanese Association for Environmental Sociology.
     In this paper I attempt to describe the original standpoint that lies behind Iijima's theoretical view. I will draw upon three important perspectives to be found in Iijima's writings. First, Iijima has addressed many cases of social problems or kogai (environmental pollution). From her perspective, these cases were all clearly related each other, because they occurred with economic growth, and they seemed to cause similar "damage". Second, Iijima was aware that when the government acted to remedy such damages, it used to measure the damage only in terms of visible indicators, and therefore their legislative measures brought new "damage" to the sufferers. Furthermore, sufferers' claims that did not include such definitions were thrown away. With this in mind, Iijima tried to describe invisible "damage" as well. Third, Iijima also realized that when people were suffering from "damage", this was not only physical pain, but also mental anguish. I think Iijima's standpoints above have the greatest potential for a consideration of "damage".
      It might be said that the originality of the studies Iijima left behind might not lie in the theory itself but in the process by which Iijima arrived at it. In evaluating any theory, one should include a discussion of the theory's ultimate goals, in addition to the process by which it was developed.
  • 「手抜き」の提案とその受け流し
    戸江 哲理
    2007 年 51 巻 3 号 p. 39-55,208
    発行日: 2007/02/28
    公開日: 2016/03/23
    ジャーナル フリー
     One may say that the only person who knows everything about her/his trouble is the person her/himself. On the other hand, we can actually "share" our troubles with others. How can we make this happen? To answer this, I apply conversation analysis to conversational data.
     The co-membership of the troubled is inter-visualized by participants in "proving" one's own access to a kind of troubled experience vis-a-vis another report of troubled experience. One's own access is demonstrated, for example, by the procedure of making an independent assessment of the trouble, and by procedure of producing a "second story" of trouble following a co-participant's "first story."
     Once the co-membership of the troubled is inter-visualized, it is interesting that a participant's report of her/his "own case" is heard as "proposal" or as "advice" by co-participants. Moreover, such a proposal may be "improper" because it is constructed as a report of "one's own case." A rejection of such a proposal may occur indirectly.This means that a rehash of troubles-talk is preceded by formal acceptance and/or silence and/or a preface. In doing so, a trouble teller may orient to the co-membership by inviting the other participants to talk about their troubles.
     My conclusions are: (1) even if the co-membership of the troubled is inter-visualized, participants may be divided into counter-sub-categories such as trouble-resistive (proposal) and trouble-receptive (rehash). However, both the proposals of "one's own case" and the rehashes of troubles-talks are implemented by the orientation to the co-membership of the troubled. This contributes in making the topic "rich." (2) The sociology of trouble has taken it for granted that one orients to resolve one's own trouble when one talks about it. However, rehashes of troubles-talks through the rejection of advice imply that there may be trouble-talks that don't orient to solutions. (3) The co-membership of the troubled prepares a "safe" utterance environment for "improper" proposals. This sequential environment is critical to institutional settings such as mothering and self-help groups.
  • 大阪船場の「ごりょんさん」の事例から
    荒木 康代
    2007 年 51 巻 3 号 p. 57-73,207
    発行日: 2007/02/28
    公開日: 2016/03/23
    ジャーナル フリー
     The purpose of this paper is to consider why the wives of merchant families had the authority to manage their family businesses (with the help of several apprentices) under the Japanese patriarchal "Ie" system before World War II.
     In this paper, I will describe the "Goryonsan" who were the wives of merchants in the Osaka Senba area. Goryonsan had great influence and considerable authority in the management of the merchant families. Looking at this type of female role, I intend to analyze what gave these women their authority.
     Some researchers have explained their authority in terms of "continuation and prosperity of the Ie family". They assert that the Ie family was very important to merchant families and it was therefore required that women with business skills participate in its management in order to accomplish the continuation and prosperity of the Ie family. I think this is a reasonable explanation. But in this paper, I concentrate on the human relationships in the shops and homes in Senba merchant families.
     In the Senba merchant stores, the merchants' families lived with their employees, and the work space was family space as well. Goryonsan had the role of caring for, disciplining, and managing the boy apprentices both in the house and the store. In particular the women's role in disciplining the boy apprentices so that they would become good merchants was very important to the family business. And these relationships between Goryonsan and the employees continued for a long time. Under these circumstances, it seems to have been inevitable that women would take on a dominant role in the management of the house, as well as the store.
     It was this system of the merchant families that gave them authority.
  • 戸主制廃止運動を事例として
    春木 育美
    2007 年 51 巻 3 号 p. 75-89,206
    発行日: 2007/02/28
    公開日: 2016/03/23
    ジャーナル フリー
     This research is to examine the development process of movement for the abolition of family registration system in South Korea, while focusing on the change of the political opportunity structure and the concept frames from the time of the beginning of the movement to the approval of the civil law amendment bill that repealed the system.
     The factors that enabled the movement to attain its purpose were as follows. First, there was a change of political opportunity structure brought by birth of the Kim Dae-jung and Roh Moo-hyun administrations, both of which regarded civic movements as partners of reform. The movement for the abolition of family registration system developed through the interaction of the government and civic organizations beginning with the advent of the Roh government and continuing through the period of advocacy in the days of the Kim administration. It can be said that the birth of the Roh administration, which sympathized with the movement, was definitely important to the achievement of its goals. Furthermore, the fact that the government party that supported the abolition of the system became the majority in the Diet also influenced the approval of the civil law amendment bill.
     Second, prerequisite to the abolition of the system, the movement succeeded in constructing new frames such as "democratization of the family", "respect for human rights", and "liquidation of history" in addition to discrimination against women, ignited by the formation of Citizen's Solidarity in 2000. As a result, the movement developed into a civic movement with which various organizations cooperated, and through which the mobilizations of many resources became possible.
  • 社会化されたケアにおけるジェンダー
    山根 純佳
    2007 年 51 巻 3 号 p. 91-106,205
    発行日: 2007/02/28
    公開日: 2016/03/23
    ジャーナル フリー
     Beginning in June 2005, I conducted interviews with individual male home helpers. In this paper, I consider effect of male helpers on gender norms in caring and gender relationships in the workplace, seeing male helpers as a form of "agency" which affects gender structures.
     While many male helpers think of home help work as a valuable job, a lot of users avoid male helpers in keeping with their gender norms. Facing this difficulty, male helpers adopt two strategies - assimilation and differentiation. The assimilation strategy is adopted mainly by young helpers who make a positive effort to undertake household assistance and try to improve their poor cooking skills. The differentiation strategy is adopted mainly by male helpers in his 60's who are reluctant to undertake household assistance such as cooking and claim the existence of the "work for male helpers" within home help work. Of these two strategies, the assimilation strategy is more likely to change existing gender role structures.
     But at the same time, young male helpers tend to try to acquire higher and more stable positions such as that of chief of a branch office. This tendency, on part of young helpers, brings about vertical sex segregation between higher male jobs and lower female jobs.Moreover the existence of a lot of female part-time helpers who also work as housewives makes it easy to justify male helpers' occupying the higher positions such that of chief.The gender norm in a private domain which prescribes a male to be a breadwinner and a female to be a secondary earner structure the gender segregation in home help works.
  • フィリピン系アメリカ人学生の活動とエスニック・スタディーズ
    木下 昭
    2007 年 51 巻 3 号 p. 107-123,204
    発行日: 2007/02/28
    公開日: 2016/03/23
    ジャーナル フリー
     The purpose of this paper is to examine the activities of university students who belong to ethnic minority organizations, such as "Japanese," "Korean," and "Chinese" student associations on US campuses. In these clubs, minority students organize various events and lead movements to confront discrimination and to improve their social status. These student organizations flourished after the mid-1960s when the demand for multiculturalism increased in the US. Therefore this paper addresses student activities from the perspective of multiculturalization.
     Two Filipino student organizations, PACE at San Francisco State University and KP at University of California San Diego, are examined as case studies because Filipinos represent one of the largest groups among Asian Americans and are minority on US campuses. First, two of their clubs' main activities are closely examined in order to understand the fundamental principles of these organizations. One is the "High School Outreach Program" whose goals are to make high school students understand the importance of going to college and to provide information about college life in order to improve the educational level of Filipino youth. The other is a movement to appeal to their respective colleges to include Filipino culture and history in their academic curriculums.
     There are sharp differences in the results of the work of these two student organizations. PACE, at San Francisco State University, has obtained great success, and this paper focuses, in particular, on the establishment and impact of the department of Ethnic Studies on Filipino students at that school.
     In addition to the analysis of student events on campus, this paper also looks into their activities off campus and the relationship between college organizations and Filipino communities located near the colleges.
研究ノート
DOING SOCIOLOGY
視点
書評
feedback
Top