B. patelliformis is, in general, found attached to the leaves and stems of marine vascular plants or shells in the intertidal zone to 40min depth, and it can tolerate wide variations in salinity. The phylogenetic relationship of B. patelliformis appears to be between B. kondakovi and B. albicostatus. More precise determination of their will requires other methods such as cladistic analysis, allozyme gel electrophoresis, and/or mt DNA sequencing.

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Arossella ANDERSON, 1993, a subjective senior synonym of Galkinia ROSS and NEWMAN, 1995, is reevaluated in view of its similarity to Hiroa ROSS and NEWMAN, 1973 and to other genera of coral-inhabiting barnacles in the Pyrgomatinae. Based on details revealed by scanning electron microscopy, its supposed synonymy with Galkinia is rejected as stemming from incomplete information and false premises. The type species of Arossella, purportedly“Nobia projectum”, is an unnamed species from the Great Barrier Reef of Australia for which Arossella lynnae n. sp. is proposed.
The opercular plates of Paranobia kuri (HOEK, 1913), purportedly“calcified”or“fused”together and therefore inseparable, are in fact readily separable. They are remarkably similar to those of certain species of Pyrgoma LEACH, 1817, to which it is reassigned.
Creusia angustiradiata BROCH, 1931 has long been considered a subjective junior synonym of Galkinia indica (ANNANDALE, 1924). However, the tubiferous wall of the former species differs dramatically from the solid wall of the latter and, consequently, the two species are recognized as distinct herein.

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The effect of substrata directions on the biomass of attaching organisms at Nishiura-Kishoh, Numazu, Suruga Bay was investigated. Cathodically protected mild steel plate was used as a substratum and installed in the six different directions of upper and bottom as horizontal orientation, of east, west, south and north as vertical orientation at 3 meters depth. A decrease in the cathodic current density resulted in the high amount of barnacles covering the substratum specifically Styela plicata together with other attaching organisms. Moreover, significant differences in the species composition and development between the upper and bottom directions of the horizontally oriented substrata were obserbved. However, the biomass of barnacles and mussels attaching on the four directions of vertically-oriented substrata were slightly varied.

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