The author discussed the best way how to conduct the new product development on industrial products from the point of view of a marketing specialist. It is most likely that we can enjoy high expected revenue by keeping the risk minimum when we develop the new product which is the extension of existing one. It is commonly seen that the department in charge of product development is the sole player in this activity. In this case, the work tends to be done in a way that the engineering effort has been emphasized. As a result, the outcome does not necessarily bring good profit to the organization. It is highly recommended that we should fully utilize the marketing concept which will ensure the efficient and risk-minimized process of new product development. We should keep in mind that the sales department will be the key player in new product development.

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Effective utilization of IT (: information technology) is the necessary important management issues for strengthen the capability of business process carried by the growth of Information & Communication Technology. Concerning IT utilization, both aspects such as promotion of IT investment based on the IT strategy, and increasing the effect by using IT assets are exist. Process and product quality regarding IT investment may cause not only bear profit but also deriver the risks such as economical loss and loss of business chance from the hazard of IT investment project. Then this paper proposes the concepts such as effective risk management approach for the purpose of IT investment activity in the specific business environment, Organizational framework of risk management based on the proposed risk management concept, and Requirements for organization or project members in order to achieve both success of IT investment project and effective utilization of IT assets.

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In risk management processes of actual project, risk identification is a very essential issue. We may say that risk management can not be executed without it. In this paper, we discuss risk identification and related issues using case study of software acquisition. In addition, we show consideration points regarding acquisition of custom software and risk between different cultures in offshore software development.

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There is a big problem that it is difficult to perform as in the plan at the IT-project. It is clear to lack risk management in the IT-project. This paper argues about the cause that suitable risk management is difficult in the IT-project, from the viewpoint of social science. The project is constituted by the stakeholder with confrontations of interest. The loss by the risk breaks down the balance of a stakeholder's interest. Therefore, a project-manager recognizes the difference in a stakeholder's risk sense and management style. And, He needs to take agreement of risk management style.

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Compared with development of the operating system of the former project construction (it is henceforth called SI project) of the unified type system which consists of two or more operating systems, an operating side, an organization side, and a period become large-scale, and many risks hang around development. What does the risk of a project generate as a cause when? You discover. How should you cope with it? The point of the risk management for leading SI project to a success is considered from a real failure project.

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Necessity of the social activities against the electric power risk and the asynchronous communication for the social projects are discussed. The social projects, which include a large number of stakeholders, are different from the individual projects considering consensus building and communication management. The electric power risk provision is one of the typical examples. As it is estimated that about 40% of power demand will be from atomic power generation in the near future in Japan, it must be assumed that there is possibility of power shortage because of some uncontrollable reasons concerning the recent disasters and accidents related to electric power. Also, it is impossible to explain what would occur by the sudden power shortage. Though private power plants are prepared at some organizations as the individual provisions, there are no social design concepts against such electric power risk. Since the influence of the risk is wide and the unsolvable problems for the individual projects exist, it is required to regard this problem as the double layered structure of the social system reform project and the individual projects. Because there are a lot of stakeholders in the social system reform project, the upper project, the conventional synchronous communication is unsuitable for the communication among the individual projects. Then, the open database is indispensable for organizations to obtain the necessary information and to resister the risk provisions asynchronously depending on their situations. Furthermore, it is required to standardize the risk provision level and to establish the neutral agency to authorize the provisions in advance.

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The purpose of this paper is to propose a project management methodology for activating corporate culture and to illustrate how the methodology worked in a Japanese company. Most project management methodologies developed so far are essentially formal and targeted at "hard" projects where the goals and methods are assumed well-defined. On the other hand, soft systems methodology (SSM) is excellent at handling the "soft (ill structured)" problem situation. This paper proposes a project management methodology, called SSM-CR (Cultural Reform), based on multimethodology, which is appropriate for activating the corporate culture. SSM-CR employs SSM combined with the "issue maps" and "quantitative analysis frameworks" of corporate culture for integrating thoughts and languages of the participants. We also apply it to a consultancy case of a Japanese manufacture company to show its validity.

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The trend of the project management (hereafter, PM) shows the tendency of globalization and specialization, and it has caused the booms of publication, training and software in all over the world in recent years. However, still a lot of problems which should be solved exist for the development of PM. In this paper, the problems which exist in the PM such as the application of basic knowledge, the technology, the research and development, and the application fields, are pointed out through the state of the development, the knowledge, the education and the training for PM in recent years in China. The subjects of PM which should be solved are proposed.

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NEC has been performing "the project management audit program" in these three years. This program is promoted based on training for project managers and information-sharing of management data. Project audits performed by document review, face-to-face interview, and on-site assessment. This paper shows the formats used for the audit and the points for each audit step, and describes benefits and issues on this program.

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