スポーツ産業学研究
Online ISSN : 1884-2534
Print ISSN : 1343-0688
ISSN-L : 1343-0688
25 巻, 2 号
選択された号の論文の15件中1~15を表示しています
巻頭論文
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原著論文
  • 遠藤 大哉, 青柳 健隆, 岡 浩一朗
    2015 年 25 巻 2 号 p. 2_185-2_199
    発行日: 2015年
    公開日: 2015/11/12
    ジャーナル フリー
         Outdoor education contributes to positive youth development. Existing outdoor education in Japan has been conducted only in an “episodic” manner with a “single activity” basis in “imitation nature”, although regular and various activities in “grand nature” have been considered more valuable for the growth of children. Therefore, the purposes of the present study were to develop and practice an outdoor education program that performed a “plural number” of experiences with “multiple activities” in “genuine nature”, and to clarify the availability of the program. For this purpose, the “Buddy Kids Adventure Challenge Program” was developed on the basis of 12 years of practice with the “Buddy Adventure Team (Non-Profit Organization)”. An inventory survey was conducted for 49 participants in the Buddy Kids Adventure Challenge Program and 26 participants′ parents to evaluate the program in 2013. Free descriptive answers for the questions with respect to experiences in the program were descriptively analyzed and a model of the growth of the participants in the Buddy Kids Adventure Challenge Program was generated. As results, self-esteem was increased by developing competence. Additionally, outdoor activities in the program and flow experience were associated. Strong relationship between adverse circumstances and flow experience were also demonstrated. The growth model of the present study showed that desiring pleasure in “grand nature” could allow participants to confront adverse circumstances. These adverse circumstances give participants flow experience and confidence by helping them to overcome adverse circumstances. Finally, self-esteem was increased and growth of participants was enhanced.
  • 松橋 崇史, 斎藤 和真, 岩月 基洋, 玉村 雅敏
    2015 年 25 巻 2 号 p. 2_201-2_215
    発行日: 2015年
    公開日: 2015/11/12
    ジャーナル フリー
        This study examined the means to encourage collaboration strategy with various local community actors through public sports facility management organizations. Such a collaboration strategy is aimed at activities which consist of local contribution activities provided by public sports facility management organizations and activities that stimulate the local community support for the local contribution activities. This strategy should make it possible to improve the operation of public sports facilities.
        The study focused on two baseball fields of comparable scale, located in neighboring cities and managed by a local company that specializes in farm equipment sales. We conducted semi-structured interviews with the following informants: (1) the president and staff of the managing company, (2) administrative officers of the cities, (3) staff members at the two baseball fields, and (4) various local community actors who collaborate with the company.
        The major findings were as follows: First, it is important for local governments to adopt appropriate policies, such as granting partial management responsibility for public sports facilities to organizations experienced in facilities management to ensure flexible, competent management based on a collaboration strategy with the various local community actors. Second, collaboration strategy with the local community various actors is important for producing two desirable outcomes: (1) it can reduce costs by building relationships of trust with local community various actors, and (2) it can also thereby build trust with the local government and can have a positive effect on public sports facility management organizations.
  • 前田 博子, 山口 泰雄, 竹下 俊一
    2015 年 25 巻 2 号 p. 2_217-2_229
    発行日: 2015年
    公開日: 2015/11/12
    ジャーナル フリー
        Recently, the number of voluntary community sport clubs has increased and young people are expected to act as volunteer coaches. As a result, there is a need to study youth volunteer management. The purpose of this study was to clarify the leadership behaviors desired of club leaders by student volunteers involved in the field of teaching sports. The research framework set volunteer students as followers and club managers as leaders through the use of SL theory. The research method involved interviews with seven K Sports University students involved in volunteer coaching. The survey content included an overview of the club, personal attributes of students, readiness for volunteer work (composed of abilities and motivation towards the activities), and leadership behavior among club leaders. The two aspects of leadership behavior measured were expected leadership behavior (“Expected LB”) and actual perceived leadership behavior (“Actual LB”), with regards to variations perceived between the start of the volunteer period and the time of interview. A resulting change in the student volunteers′ "Expected LB" was observed over time. In conclusion, it became clear that club managers must grasp changes in volunteer student readiness and alter their leadership behavior.
  • 松山 博明, 土屋 裕睦
    2015 年 25 巻 2 号 p. 2_231-2_251
    発行日: 2015年
    公開日: 2015/11/12
    ジャーナル フリー
        This study aimed at investigating the process of psychological changes among expatriate coaching personnel by using a Trajectory Equifinality Model (hereafter abbreviated as TEM) to extract the achievements and problems coming from their valuable experiences and coaching practices in a social action program in Asia.
        Those surveyed were coaches who (1) belonged to a social action program in Asia, (2) had experience of acting as a manager of the first international team and (3) had experienced two international matches. The study was made on three subjects who selected to continue overseas coaching practices which fulfilled the above three selection conditions for the period from December 20xx and January 20xx during which they were on the return home. As the method of investigation, a one-on-one semi-structured interview was used for each participant (90 min for each) with key questions on the following four points: (1) mindset before leaving Japan regarding overseas assignment, (2) mindset after taking the overseas assignment, (3) mindset before and after a major match during the assignment and (4) mindset after returning home.
        As a result, a precise picture of intercultural experiences and resilience of the expatriate coaching personnel was obtained from the 4-stage (progressive) cycles of career development process.
        It is considered that at the time of decision, when the overseas assignment for the social action program in Asia is decided, the coaches will face difficulties under a completely different environment in foreign countries and will need an ability to accommodate resilience, regarding matters such as “social support”, “self-efficacy”, and “sociability”.
        At the time of cultural adaptation and challenge, it is considered that mental stress will increase upon realizing that what the coaches thought natural and normal conduct does not work at all in the new place of assignment. It is suggested that under these circumstances the coaches need not only to break off their negative thinking, but also to nurture exercise-efficacy, healthy life style, and self discipline functions, as important elements for enhancing resilience in their life cycle.
        It is suggested that at times of conflict and trial and error, under circumstances where achievements are expected, the coaches need to develop a flexible thinking and behavioral pattern to consider the causes of any misunderstandings or conflicts with other people in reflection of the economic, social and cultural backgrounds of the local countries and, while maintaining their own Japanese mind, accept and subsume them, and that this is a necessary attitude for quickly recovering when depressed after painful experiences, through communications with family and friends.
        It is considered that at the time of reflection and new goal setting the coaches recognized “profound human relations”, “new sense of value” and “strong self”, and that they experienced a positive change as a consequence of struggles and strivings in an extremely challenging crisis of life. It is also considered that they chose to continue the work, falling under the four types of General Managerial Competence, Entrepreneurial Creativity, Life Style and Pure Challenge.
        In the future it will be necessary to take measures from a psychological aspect, with an aim to improve the knowledge and skills required for the coaches in their working places, and we propose that coaches positively participate in the training programs of JICA.
  • 束原 文郎, 石澤 伸弘, 山本 理人, 間野 義之, 中村 好男
    2015 年 25 巻 2 号 p. 2_253-2_268
    発行日: 2015年
    公開日: 2015/11/12
    ジャーナル フリー
        The purposes of this study were to categorize sport activities and to evaluate the possible association between those types and adults′ socio-economic characteristics. In order to describe them, the authors utilized the binary logistic regression model to analyze a “Questionnaire regarding S-city Residents′ Sport Participation and Environment.”
        The findings in this study can be summarized as follows:
    1) Sport activities investigated in this survey were classified into 10 types: Pool Exercise (PE) ; Indoor Exercise (IE) ; Road Exercise (RE) ; Space Free Exercise (SFE) ; Indoor Sport (IS) ; Field Sport (FS) ; Summer Leisure (SL) ; Winter Leisure (WL) ; Golf (G) ; and Park-golf (PG) , depending mainly on factors of facility and human resource requirements.
        As a result of statistical analysis, 2) it was clarified that people do RE and SFE at least once per year, independently of their socio-economic characteristics (RE:χ2=25.682, Nglk. R2=0.072; SFE:χ 2=34.999, Nglk.R2=0.109) . On the contrary, 3) as for IS, FS, WL, and G, several independent valuables have definite interpretability (IS:χ 2=41.761, Nglk.R2=0.191; FS:χ 2=63.077, Nglk.R2=0.267; WL:χ 2=76.953, Nglk.R2=0.276; G:χ 2=90.428, Nglk.R2=0.278) . Participations in those types were mainly influenced by annual-income (Standard: less than 3 million yen. IS 3-5.9 million yen: OR=2.510, 95%CI=1.060-5.944; FS 3-5.9 million yen: OR=2.701, 95%CI=1.121-6.508; WL 3-5.9 million yen: OR=4.115, 95%CI=1.862-9.091; WL over 6 million yen: OR=4.098, 95%CI=1.440-11.663; G over 6 million yen: OR=3.373, 95%CI=1.368-8.320) ; and sport experience throughout the person′s high school and college days (Standard: no experience. IS: OR=2.762, 95%CI=1.035-7.372; FS: OR=3.904, 95%CI=1.516-10.054; G: OR=3.292, 95%CI=1.395-7.767) . The above results can be understood from the perspective of the sport resource′s accessibility.
        However, 4) whereas authors have successfully described the relations between residents′ socio-characteristics and participation in IE, PE, PG, and SL, those results could not be construed appropriately from the viewpoint of sport resource theory, which shows the limitation of this study′s design.
  • 武藤 泰明, 吉田 智彦
    2015 年 25 巻 2 号 p. 2_269-2_275
    発行日: 2015年
    公開日: 2015/11/12
    ジャーナル フリー
        Public interest corporations can allocate their annual membership fees to separate accounting according to strict proportions which are stipulated by the regulations of the corporation itself, as required by law.
        This paper reviews how expense fluctuations influenced income and expenditures of the separate accounting in two cases. One was a case in which costs for recruiting new members were examined. The other was a case in which voluntary works by the members were halted and then the corporation started paying remuneration.
        The reviews show that; in a case where a corporation increases expenses for recruiting new members, rigid regulation will deteriorate corporate accounting; in a case where the source of revenue for remunerating voluntary works is covered by annual membership fees and remuneration occurs in a profit-making business, increased costs caused by remunerating have to be sufficiently smaller than the revenue from the annual membership fees.
        Thus, regarding a solution, the review indicates that the board of directors needs to make flexible determinations according to fluctuations of income and expenditures during the year.
  • 津々木 晶子, 氏橋 祐太, 白坂 成功, 松崎 英吾, 前野 隆司
    2015 年 25 巻 2 号 p. 2_277-2_291
    発行日: 2015年
    公開日: 2015/11/12
    ジャーナル フリー
        In this study we developed a “Scale of Diversity Adaptability” which measures the social skills to accept cultural diversity. First, we revealed the components of the evaluation measure of Diversity Adaptability. The components were collected by accumulating elements related to diversity using the methods of literature review, interview, and brainstorming. In addition, we built a tentative assessment by using the method of group discussion. Second, we decided the component names and defined the components, to clarify the relationship between the components. Third, we created questions regarding each component. Evaluation of validity of the scale was carried out by the following methods; individual item analysis, item-correlation analysis, path analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis. The reliability of the scale was evaluated by Crombach′s alpha. As a result, the validity and reliability were evaluated for the 8 factors and 29 items scale. Using the developed scale, we measured the effect of the Blind-Soccer workshop. In particular, we carried out a test of factor scores before and after the workshop implementation. As a result, a significant increase was observed in the 6 factors. It is a force that shows personality, ambitions, bird′s-eye view force, resilience, trust relationship building force, and communication. Altogether, the results of our study clearly showed that we have developed a “Scale of Diversity Adaptability” which can enable the evaluation of the current situation and measures related to adaptability. Furthermore, we were able to confirm its usefulness. By using this scale as a standard assessment tool, it is believed that it is possible to contribute to the development of society as a whole through encouraging diversity adaptability.
研究ノート
  • 霜島 広樹, 木村 和彦
    2015 年 25 巻 2 号 p. 2_293-2_312
    発行日: 2015年
    公開日: 2015/11/12
    ジャーナル フリー
        The purpose of this study was to clarify the characteristics of outdoor and indoor schools, and to study the reasons for students′ selection of outdoor or indoor schools in commercial tennis clubs. Focusing on a tennis club that owns outdoor and indoor schools, we conducted research.
        In order to examine these questions we conducted 2 studies, as follows:
    【Study1】: To clarify characteristics of outdoor school and indoor schools, we conducted qualitative research with coaches in A tennis club.
    【Study2】: We studied considerations about reasons for student′s selection of outdoor or indoor schools in a commercial tennis club, focusing on the characteristics of outdoor and indoor schools found in Study1.
        The main findings are summarized as follows: Firstly, we clarified 9 factors in outdoor and 15 factors in indoor schools as characteristics. “Freedom from cancellation of lessons caused by bad weather” , “freedom from influences of natural environment” , and “comfortable air-conditioning equipment” were the main factors among the reasons for students′ selection of indoor schools. On the other hand, “playing tennis in nature” , “playing tennis in changing seasons” , “playing tennis in a sense of openness” were the main factors for choosing outdoor schools. In addition, “improving response capabilities for changing circumstances” and “getting an edge on tennis competition” were the main factors among the reasons for selection of outdoor schools for students who participate in tennis competitions.
        Characteristics of “improving open skill” and “getting an edge on tennis competitions” in outdoor schools contribute to improving competition power among students, and “encouraging a sense of distance” and “little nasty bounce” in indoor schools are important, because even beginning students can enjoy rallying and games, but most of the students weren′t aware of these characteristics. So, it is important for managers and coaches to educate and promote customers to be aware of these selling points in tennis club management.
  • 神谷 和義, 舟橋 弘晃, 間野 義之
    2015 年 25 巻 2 号 p. 2_313-2_325
    発行日: 2015年
    公開日: 2015/11/12
    ジャーナル フリー
        Over 1.1 million injuries and accidents happen in schools every year in Japan. Most of them happen during sports activities such as physical education or sports club activities. In order to prevent accidents it is important to elucidate the contributing factors by focusing on the occurrence. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the characteristics and factors contributing to sudden death during sports activities in schools, by using text-mining analysis. Data was collected from the database of death and disability cases publicized by the Japan Sports Council. There were 127 cases of sudden death during sports activities from 2005 to 2012. The results by morphological analysis and co-occurrence network analysis revealed two characteristics. The first point was that the ′act of running′ had a close relationship with the occurrence of sudden death in schools. The second was that not a few cases of sudden death happened even though the children had done warm-up exercises before the accident. Our results suggest that the relationship with the act of running, warm-up exercise and the occurrence of sudden death should be kept in mind when sports activities in schools are held. In addition, our study shows that data-mining analysis has a potential to objectively analyze more than one million injuries and accidents in schools.
  • 千葉 直樹, 永谷 稔
    2015 年 25 巻 2 号 p. 2_327-2_336
    発行日: 2015年
    公開日: 2015/11/12
    ジャーナル フリー
        The purpose of this study was to examine the changes in characteristics of spectators of professional basketball teams, and the relationship between frequency of attendance and participant motives in Sapporo. The name of the professional basketball team and its company changed from “Rera Kamuy Hokkaido” to “Levanga Hokkaido” in 2011. Questionnaire surveys conducted in 2010 and 2012 were analyzed. Findings indicated that between the two research periods there was no change in spectators′ characteristics according to sex and age groups. Previous studies had indicated that 70% of spectators were women and half of these female spectators were between the ages of 20-40. About 80% of spectators surveyed participated in both research periods. The 2012 results indicated that the percent of spectators who had belonged to basketball club in their junior and high school days was higher compared to that in 2010.
  • 塚本 拓也, 西脇 智洋, 吉野 次郎, 藤村 慎也, 高橋 義雄
    2015 年 25 巻 2 号 p. 2_337-2_350
    発行日: 2015年
    公開日: 2015/11/12
    ジャーナル フリー
        The present study aimed to provide an overview and compare Master′s degree programs to clarify the characteristic features of the curriculum course contents and lecture formats among four Master′s programs in sport management education: the TIAS in Japan and the AISTS, FIFA Master, and FIMBA programs in Europe, by utilization of semi-structured interviews and analysis of the data from the interviewees.
        The paper clarifies that there are two types of Master′s programs designed to foster practical sport managers: 1) programs supported by the IOC and FIFA, and 2) newly developed programs of existing university graduate schools. Both types of programs differ in their lecture formats. In the type 1 programs, experts working in the IOC and IFs are invited as guest speakers to give lectures that are mostly organized around a discussion format and basically involve the use of PowerPoint slides. On the other hand, in the type 2 programs, the classroom format is generally followed, in which individual classes by instructors are taken weekly and over an extended period of time, following the set pattern of the university graduate schools. However, the curriculum is also flexible, where guest speakers are invited, using the same Powerpoint format through discussion as in the type 1 program. Furthermore, the study revealed that the subjects of each graduate school can be divided into common subjects and specific subjects. The point of difference among the said subjects was found to lie in their focus on the graduate′s destinations, keeping in mind the concept of the backgrounds and human resources installed in each graduate school and program.
        In conclusion, our study reveals new findings in context of the professional graduate schools in Japan and Europe.
  • 向山 昌利
    2015 年 25 巻 2 号 p. 2_351-2_361
    発行日: 2015年
    公開日: 2015/11/12
    ジャーナル フリー
        The purpose of this study was to clarify the current status of the Asian Scrum Project (ASP) as “Sports for Development” with the Rugby World Cup 2019, carried out by the Japan Rugby Football Union (JRFU).
        The author investigated relevant ASP related documents and websites offered by JRFU and the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). Furthermore, 12 interested parties were interviewed to complement this investigation.
        The objectives of the ASP are to increase global participation and international competitiveness along with the World Rugby strategic plan. The ASP can be described as “sport plus” . JRFU built a relationship with JICA to overcome ASP issues including geographical location and type of sport. On the other hand, one of “JICA-JRFU Scrum Project” issues that can be pointed out is that the relationship between JICA and JRFU is limited to the range of finance and institution.
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