スポーツとジェンダー研究
Online ISSN : 2424-1342
Print ISSN : 1348-2157
ISSN-L : 1348-2157
12 巻
スポーツとジェンダー研究
選択された号の論文の16件中1~16を表示しています
巻頭随想
論文
  • 小石原 美保
    原稿種別: 論文
    2014 年 12 巻 p. 4-18
    発行日: 2014年
    公開日: 2017/04/28
    ジャーナル オープンアクセス
    In the 1920s, sports were recognized as modern culture and rapidly became popular among female students through school extracurricular activities. Representations of sporting females began to appear in the monthly girls' magazines of this era as protagonists of sports-related fiction or real female athletes who took part in school matches or international athletic meets in non-fiction articles and journalistic reports with photos. The purpose of this study is to examine some representations and gender norms of “Sporting girls” by focusing on descriptions and visual images from “Shoujo Kurabu”, which was one of the most popular girls' magazines during the 1920s and 1930s. The results of this study are summarized as follows: 1. When “Shoujo Kurabu” was published starting in 1923, the sports boom among female students had already started, so we can see various reading material and visual images concerning sports appeared in the magazine from an early time. 2. (1) Visual images of female athletic bodies on front covers of “Shoujo Kurabu” reflect the developing process of typical representations of “sporting girls” in the initial stage of female sports participation. (2) From the representations of “sporting girls” on photo pages in the June issue of 1934, we find that society expected female athletic bodies to adhere to the social norms of traditional femininity including modesty and restraint when engaging in sports. (3) From readings about round-table talk discussions with female student athletes in the May issue of 1935, we can find that the traditional gender norms were rewritten by males, applying a sporting spirit that encourages female students to have high morals including diligence as well as decency and politeness in their behavior. The magazine seems to have contributed to the construction, promotion and cultivation of a new gender norm of the “sporting girl”.
  • 大学アメフト部における女性スタッフの権力に着目して
    関 めぐみ
    原稿種別: 論文
    2014 年 12 巻 p. 19-30
    発行日: 2014年
    公開日: 2017/04/28
    ジャーナル オープンアクセス
    The purpose of this study is to show how the growing number of minorities in the organization affects their participation in the decision-making process. In this study, I will focus on all-male college football teams in Japan, specifically examining the role of women who work as joshi manêjâ (girl managers). In Japan, a manêjâ is a student who is in charge of the sports equipment and records of their school sports team. At the present time, the majority of manêjâ are women. The methods of data collection employed include participant observations, interviews and content analysis. The research was based on data collected from two college football teams. The first fieldwork consisted of observing and interviewing members of Team X. This research was conducted between March and December of 2011. The percentage of females was 27%. The second fieldwork was conducted between May and December 2012. The percentage of females was 39.6% for Team Y. Results obtained by comparing Team X to Team Y indicate that the duties and responsibilities of joshi manêjâ increased when the number of joshi manêjâ remained above 30% of the team. In the past, socializing between male and female members of the club was prohibited. However, as the number of joshi manêjâs increased, pressure to socialize with the male players also increased. In fact, pressure to perform menial tasks and to socialize with male players led several joshi manêjâs to quit working for their teams. Therefore, despite the growing number of female within the club, socializing between the female and the male players had in fact strengthened and maintained the dominant power of the male players.
  • 大勝 志津穂
    原稿種別: 論文
    2014 年 12 巻 p. 31-46
    発行日: 2014年
    公開日: 2017/04/28
    ジャーナル オープンアクセス
    The purpose of this research is to clarify sporting event experiences of adult female soccer athletes during their school years and to pursue the relationship between past sporting event experiences and current engagement in sports. The research was performed by conducting a survey targeting 174 adult females registered with the Aichi Football Association (AIFA). An analysis of the sporting events that the women experienced indicates that currently-active adult female soccer players engaged in some type of sporting activity from elementary to junior- and senior-high school. With regard to continuity of soccer during the school years, about 20% of the respondents continued from elementary to junior- and senior-high school or from junior- high to senior-high school, and about 40% of the respondents who began playing soccer in elementary school stopped playing during junior high school. In addition, about 40% of the respondents had no experience playing soccer during their school years, indicating that the environment enables even inexperienced players to begin as adults. It is thought that the high percentage of inexperienced players among the women currently playing soccer is affected by an inadequate soccer environment during childhood and the juvenile period. It is also believed that resistance to female participation in soccer is strong during the school years, and as a result, many who want to participate are unable to do so. However, the ability of adult women who have not soccer experience to participate for the first time through the participation of their peers or their own children is an important element of an environment where lifetime participation in sports is possible. It is desirable that efforts be made in academic facilities, school activities, and the private sector to enhance the environment for girls to participate in soccer during childhood while maintaining the environment that supports good examples of the ability of inexperienced women to begin playing soccer after becoming adults.
  • IOC 総会議事録の検討を中心に
    來田 享子
    原稿種別: 論文
    2014 年 12 巻 p. 47-67
    発行日: 2014年
    公開日: 2017/04/28
    ジャーナル オープンアクセス
    Noting that participation in the Olympics by women increased slightly from about 1930 to the 1990s, this paper examines changes occurring within the IOC from 1960 to 1979 by using IOC minutes as the primary historical source and focuses first on who participated in debate and how the debate was with regard to concerning requests for the addition of women's sports and events as a reflection of changes in conditions, and second on what types of discussions took place in the background leading to the these types of requests and what types of changes in the IOC were brought about by the gradual increase in participation by women. In the undercurrent to the issue of participation by women was the expansion of the Olympics as another issue. This referred to diversification among men, who had been the subject of the Olympic movement promoted by the IOC as a result of the popularization and increase in competing populations and the increase in IOC member countries. The issue of participation by women was a part of the changes, that is, the generalization of the movement sought through re-definition of the ideals of the Olympic movement necessitated by responses to the diversification of values. Prior research pointed out that the direct impact regarding participation of women in the Olympic Games as a result of membership in the IOC by eastern European countries was that the eastern European members made intensive requests during the period from 1955 to 1967 to include additional sports and events in the Games. The research also pointed out that it was President Brundage that had a positive impact on the increased participation by women. Konstantin Andianov, IOC member from the Soviet Union and later IOC vice president played a more important role in the increase in sports and events. Recruitment of women to the decision-making body within the IOC was first emphasized in the Brundage era, but substantive change was driven by President Killanin.
研究ノート
JSSGS第12回大会報告
シンポジウム
  • 飯田 貴子
    原稿種別: 趣旨説明
    2014 年 12 巻 p. 80-81
    発行日: 2014年
    公開日: 2017/04/28
    ジャーナル オープンアクセス
  • 合場 敬子
    原稿種別: 登壇者論文
    2014 年 12 巻 p. 82-92
    発行日: 2014年
    公開日: 2017/04/28
    ジャーナル オープンアクセス
    Through research on women professional wrestlers, I found that several wrestlers reinforce their confidence to counter male violence and/or attain physical and/or mental strength by participating sports in schools and engaging professional wrestling. Once they attain physical strength, they do experience “physical empowerment.” On the other hand, many women in contemporary Japan are not physically empowered because girls and women in Japan are not encouraged to develop physical strength and athletic abilities. In addition, they fear male violence. Some wrestlers I interviewed actually rescued some women who were frozen by groping inside trains. Therefore, physical empowerment means a process that women in current Japan, who do not exercise their physical strengths thoroughly, take it back. To realize physical empowerment for women in contemporary Japan, I argue that theories and practices of “physical feminism” should be widely disseminated. What is physical feminism? I define it as practices and movements underpinned by thoughts of feminism that facilitate women to attain physical strength. Physical feminism has two goals at this time. One is encouraging girls and women to participate in physical activities from which girls and women attain various benefits. The other is encouraging girls and women to participate in self-defense programs, which let girls and women acknowledge their power to defend themselves from male violence and feel their own physical strength.
  • 井谷 惠子
    原稿種別: 抄録
    2014 年 12 巻 p. 93-96
    発行日: 2014年
    公開日: 2017/04/28
    ジャーナル オープンアクセス
  • ママさんバレーボールを事例として
    高岡 治子
    原稿種別: 抄録
    2014 年 12 巻 p. 97-100
    発行日: 2014年
    公開日: 2017/04/28
    ジャーナル オープンアクセス
  • 人生100 年時代を見据えて
    木村 みさか
    原稿種別: 登壇者論文
    2014 年 12 巻 p. 101-117
    発行日: 2014年
    公開日: 2017/04/28
    ジャーナル オープンアクセス
    Measures and policies to support elderly people in anticipation of an era of a 100-year lifetime have become necessary with the advent of hyperaged society unprecedented in human history. Particularly, for elderly people to retain functions necessary for independent living is among important issues, and fitness is its base. Our previous studies have indicated the following as characteristics of fitness of elderly people: The balance ability declines markedly in old age but shows wide individual variation. However, the fitness age is about 10 years younger, and injuries due to falls are less frequent, in those with than without a habit of exercise such as walking. Fitness in old age affects the life expectancy, and the rate of age-associated decline in fitness is closely correlated with the mortality. Exercise intervention in elderly people has been suggested to improve the gait speed, number of standing up from a chair in a specified time period, and grip strength, increase the activity level, and reduce medical expenditure and payment from the national long-term care insurance scheme.
特別プログラム
特別講演
海外文献紹介
資料翻訳紹介
書評
feedback
Top