In order to facilitate to reuse on municipal waste incinerator ash, we should establish the dechlorinating technologies which includes insoluble materials like Friedel’s salt washout. In this study, we investigated the Cl ion solubility properties on our synthesized Friedel’s salt in the planetary mill experiments, and have recognized there are two stages of Cl ion soluble procedure which the rapid soluble phenomenon in early stage and the moderate soluble process in after middle. The rapid soluble phenomenon includes the crystal decreasing of Friedel’s salt but it has not been recognized significant XRD profile changes in the moderate process. It seems that some parts of released Cl ions which has migrated and been trapped into 3CaO·Al₂O₃ phase, will dissolve into the water in the moderate process. From the kinetics analysis, its dissolving Cl ion amounts has been affected by operated milling energy. Moreover, dissolved Cl ion amounts which derived from the milled Friedel’s salt samples has shown remarkably increasing in carbonating solvent contains HCO₃⁻ ion. It’s possible to understand that the milling procedure and the carbonization technique are much important for dechlorinating processing.

This study aims to evaluate granules and tablets properties prepared by twin-screw continuous granulation (TSG) by comparing with those by fluidized-bed granulation (FBG) and high shear granulation (HSG). During FBG, mass median diameter increased in proportional to moisture content of wet granules. In HSG and TSG, granules growth was observed with an increase in mass ratio of liquid to solid. The mass median diameter was affected by the blade rotation speed at higher level of water content in HSG. By contrast, granule growth was less affected by the screw rotation speed in TSG. Friability and density of granules prepared by TSG remained between FBG and HSG. Scanning electron microscopy and cross-sectional 3D X-ray tomography images suggested that granules prepared by TSG did not receive high shear force as HSG during the granulation. The tablet strength and the percentage of dissolution were similar with those by FBG. It was because granules prepared by TSG had relatively porous structure as FBG. Under practical operation conditions, the tablet properties were comparable with those by FBG and HSG.

It is well known that Discrete Element Method, DEM, has been applied to predict dynamics of granular systems by tracing all the particles by solving equations of motions. When it is applied to industrial applications, we immediately are faced to the problems of computing cost, due to too many particles. That is why coarse-grained (CG) simulation methods are required, where a group of particles is replaced as a coarse-grained particle to decrease the number of particle. So far, several CG simulation methods such as SPA model and coarse-grained model have been discussed. So far, CG simulation method has problems of reproducing scaling properties of the granular systems at high scaling ratios, in which contact effects are dominant. The aim of this research is to solve the problems. This paper proposes a new simulation method called scalable DEM (SDEM), which is based on the followings assumptions: 1) particles on the force network only contributes to the dynamics of granules, 2) there are statistically same picture in terms of structure for different scaling ratios. In the paper, SDEM was applied to two systems: “dam break” and “discharge of granules from a rectangular container.” The following results were obtained through the research: a) comparable results were obtained for different scaling ratios, b) simulation predictions match to the experimental data for both two cases.

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