It is desired for the pharmaceutical intermediate products to form as powder, considering versatility of storage, transportation, and the production schedule adjustment. In this study, aqueous suspension composed of nano- and submicron sized poorly water-soluble drug particles ground by a wet milling was spray dried to produce dry particles. Crystallinity of indomethacin particles was maintained after the spray drying. It was found that mannitol prevented indomethacin particles from cohesion during the spray drying; when indomethacin particles and mannitol in the four times amount of indomethacin were spray dried, mannitol absolutely prevented indomethacin particles from cohesion during the spray drying and the dissolution profiles of the spray dried powder were maintained at the same value as the suspension of indomethacin particles.

Erythritol has several characteristic physicochemical properties, such as high solubility, low hygroscopicity, low toxicity, and preferred sweetness among patients. However, the raw powder has less compressibility and frequently exhibits tableting failure such as a capping and lamination. In this study, we designed erythritol granules for direct compression using different granulation methods (dry granulation, wet extruding granulation, fluidized bed granulation) and a different binder (e.g., polyvinylpyrrolidone, hypromellose, and sodium carboxymethylcellulose). The tablet using the granules with hypromellose exhibited sufficient tabletability. In addition, we found that granulation using an erythritol dissolving binder solution can increase the erythritol content in the granules and further improve the compressibility and tablet hardness. The resultant erythritol granule was applicable for tableting, even when including less compressible material (acetaminophen and N-acetylglucosamine).

The seventh goal of the SDGs is affordable and clean energy. Woody biomass fuel such as firewood, wood chip, hog fuel and wood pellet is a one of the main clean renewable energy sources. The introduction of ISO standards for woody biomass fuels ensures interoperability of equipment and systems, promotes the transition to renewable energy sources, and opens up an innovation market that addresses global energy challenges. ISO standards for woody biomass fuels had been published as ISO 17225 and so on since 2014. Under such situations, Japan was reluctant to contribution for the ISO international standard of woody biomass fuels. This paper describes the outline of ISO standards, domestic status for its contribution, and future issues for standards of woody biomass solid fuels.