The research subjects were 334 children in a general population (153 males, 181 females, average age: 3.2) seen at dental clinics in Aichi prefecture. The investigated items were 8 items related to milk feeding and growth history which were surveyed using questionnaires. The following was clear from the results of statistical processing using correlation coefficients and multivariate statistical analysis.
In a breast fed group:
1. There was little torsiversion and crowding of the upper lateral deciduous incisors.
2. There were few distal step types in the terminal plane.
The following findings were more frequently seen the earlier weaning started:
1. There was little torsiversion and crowding of the upper lateral deciduous incisors.
2. Protrusion of the upper central deciduous incisors was frequent.

View full abstract

Although ceramics are popular as biomaterials, metals still have some superior mechanical properties compared with other materials. In the present study, the effects of tantalum and zirconium on cells and tissues were evaluated in vivo and in vitro.
1. Quantification of eluted ions.
1) Ta 99.9%, Zr 97.82%, and Ti 99.9% were examined, and a glass plate was used as a control. The test metals were immersed in a MEM solution at 37°C, and concentration of eluted ions was measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy in 6 months specimens.
In another experiment, the solutions under the same condition were vibrated at 80 count per minute, and concentration of eluted ions was measured in the same way in 1 month specimens.
2) Each test metal was implanted in rabbit mandibles and the implanted metal was removed with the bone tissue at the 16 th week. Linear analysis of eluted ions was then performed by X-ray microanalyzer.
2. Toxicity test of the test metals.
1) Cellular toxicity test by counting the number of colonies.
2) Morphological observation on the growth of cells of L strain cultured on the test metals.
3) Test on the growth and development of chicken embryonal femur by organ culture.
3. Histopathological studies on the reaction of soft and hard tissues to the test metals.
The eluted ions of tantalum and zirconium were very few. Tantalum and zirconium exerted little inhibitory influence on the growth of cells and tissues, and indicated excellent biocompatibility. These results should suggest more use as biomaterials.

View full abstract

Anti salivary duct antibody (ASDA) is found in sera of patients with Sjögren's syndrome. So the establishment of salivary duct cells line for detection of ASDA was done from culture of human minor salivary gland tissue transformed by simian virus 40 (SV40). A piece of minor salivary gland was minced to 3mm³ by fine pincettes and the fragments were cultured with 10% FCS-MEM supplemented with EGF (10ng/ml), fungizon (10μg/mL) and kanamycin (60μg/ml).
When monolayer cells were passaged by trypsinization, trypsin high sensitive fibroblasts were washed out by PBS after short time of trypsinization and the remained cells were passaged in culture medium by long time of trypsinization. After 8th passages, monolayer cells were infected with SV40 at a moi 100pfu/cell and the suspension of the cells were cultured with 0.33% agar contained medium after 24hours incubation. 28 colonies of transformed cells were picked up after 10 weeks incubation and 25 cells lines could be established from each colony. These cells lines were characterized by the methods of haematoxylinalcian blue-PAS-masson staining for secretory granules and immunofluorescent staining with ASDA for salivary duct cells. 2 cells lines were identified with mucous like cells because secretory granules were observed in cytoplasm of these cells, 4 cells lines were also identified with salivary duct cells because ASDA could specifically react to these cells.

View full abstract

Mucosal tissue model was constructed in vitro by using fibroblasts and epithelial cells from rabbit oral mucosa, and collagen gel. First, the method to construct the mucosal tissue model was discussed. Secondary, the process of epithelial differentiation in this model was observed histopathologically. Finally, the model was evaluated for clinical use as mucosal graft material.
The following results were obtained:
1. The mucosal tissue model was constructed by culturing epithelial cells on the surface of submucosal tissue model. The submucosal tissue model had been formed with fibroblasts and hydrated collagen gel.
2. In culturing the fibroblasts in hydrated collagen gel, collagen gel contracted, and reduced its size from an early stage to 7th day of culture. The contraction rate of the gel depended upon the collagen concentration and the number of fibroblasts. The lower the collagen concentration in the gel and the more the number of fibroblasts, the higher rate of the contraction of the lattice was observed.
3. The fibroblasts in the submucosal tissue model extended cellular processes into the surrounding collagen gel and became bipolar shaped. Growth-rate of fibroblasts in the submucosal tissue model was markedly suppressed compared to that on the plastic culture dish. These results indicate that fibroblasts demonstrate more in vivo-like behavior when cultured in the collagen gel three dimensionally than on the plastic culture dish two dimensionally.
4. On the 7th-day of culture, mono-layer of epithelial cells was observed on the submucosal tissue model.
On the 14th-day of culture, 3-4 epithelial cell layers were seen. The basal cells, at intervals, extended its cytoplasmic protrusions into the submucosal tissue model.
On the 21th-day of culture, complete epithelial differentiation and the formation of rete-peg were observed.
On 28th-day of culture, the multi-layered epithelial cells resembled normal epithelium. The change of basal cell shape, from spherical or cuboidal through elliptical to extremely flattened, paralleled the tendency of cell maturation.
5. Concerning the relationship between the collagen concentration in the gel and the differentiation of epithelial layer, mono-layer of epithelial cells was observed on the substrata containing more than 0.2% of collagen by weight, multi-layered structure of epithelium was observed more than 0.4%, multi-layered structure and differentiation of epithelium was observed more than 0.6%, and the rete-peg formation was observed more than 1.5%. Therefore, it is obvious that the collagen concentration of submucosal tisse is deeply related to the epithelial differentiation.
6. In conclusion, this study provides an in vitro model of mucosa useful for cell biological study of mucosa. Furthermore, we suggest this model is applicable as a mucosal graft in the future. In this case, it seems to be proper that the concentration of collagen in submucosal tissue model is more than 1.5%, and the culture period of epithelium is at least more than 7 days.

View full abstract

We conducted a clinical and statistical analysis on 218 cases of maxillo-facial fractures by traffic accidents at the clinic of the Oral Surgery Department of Ryukyus University Hospital during the twelve year period from october 1973 to September 1985
1) Ninety-four cases (43.1%) were caused by motor bicycle accidents, and 88 cases (40.8%) were by motorcars.
2) Eighty-three cases (38.1%) were found in the teen age group, 67 cases (30.7%) in the twenties age group, 167 cases were male patients and 51 cases were female patients.
3) Of all the facial fractures, 100 cases (61.7%) were found in mandible, 40 cases (24.7%) in maxilla (including the middle third facial region), 22 cases (13.6%) in the combined mandible and maxilla.
4) In the middle third facial region, 25 cases were found in the zygoma, 17 cases of Le-Fort III (including Le-Fort I, Le-Fort II) 11 cases of Le-Fort II, 3 cases of Le-Fort I 2 cases in sagittal and horizontal fracture.
5) The complications of 601 cases were observed in our cases in the area of associated injuries, 173 cases were found in the oral mucosa, 131 cases in the teeth, 127 cases in the facial skin. T here were 58 cases with fractures other than facial.
6) Regarding the therapy, 78 cases were treated by open reduction and 101 cases were treated by closed reduction.

View full abstract

Lectin binding patterns of ConA (Glue, Man), RCA-1 (D-Gal), DBA (Ga1NAc), PNA, SBA (D-Gal, Ga1NAc), WGA (D-GlcNAc, NANA), UEA-1 (Fuc) in paraffin sections were studied in salivary pleomorphic adenomas (38 cases). It is reported that lectins have specific affinity to corresponding sugar residues in complex carbohydrates.
1) Normal ductal cells showed positive reaction for lectin bindings. Luminal tumors cells of tubulo-ductal structures of pleomorphic adenoma showed lectin binding for all the lectins used. On the contrary, spindle tumor cells located in outer zone of the structures were usually devoid of lectin bindings. 2) Squamous metaplastic cells and keratinized area of the tumors showed higher staining for lectin binding affinities compared to those of luminal cells. 3) Tumor epithelial cells were scarcely contained to PAS, unclear and luminal cells, solid focus, dendrical tumor cells in myxomatous area and osteochondroidal changed cells indicated positive staining of PAS reaction, as well as positive Con A stain. 4) Substances of myxomatous and hyalinous structures were locking to most lectin bindings. 5) Pleomorphic adenomas were composed of generally scant stromal connective tissue, and those stromal tissues showed positive stainings to PAS and lectins staining. 6) Capillary endthelial cells in the stroma exhibited positive UEA-1 lectin, and they contained fucose. 7) Histiocytes in the stromal tissue and tumor parenchymes showed strongly positive staining to Con A.
Histogenesis of tubulo-ductal and cystic structures of salivary pleomorphic adenoma probably arose from salivary gland gland ductal cells with the use of lectin binding patterns.

View full abstract

Internal derangement of temporomandibular joint has been studied mainly arthrographically about disk position, but it was reported that morphologic alterations and histochemical changes of disk were frequently observed in joints with internal derangement.
In this study we analysed the relationship between a duration of closed lock and arthrographic deformity of disk, efficacy of conservative treatments. Arthrographic deformities of disk were seldom seen in cases of closed lock with a duration of less than 5 months, but they were frequently seen in cases with longer duration than 5 months. We recaptured the anterior displaced disks with conservative treatments. In these cases duration was less than 5 months, and we could not observe arthrographic deformity or disk of any other arthrographic abnormality.
Consequently it is suggested that when the duration of closed lock passes about 5 months, the changes of the intracapsular tissue become severe until we cannot reduce the anterior displaced disk with any conservative treatments.

View full abstract

This survey was based on the analysis of histopathological diagnosis of biopsy and operation specimens of oral lesions done for the Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery in the Department of Pathology CHospitalj, Hyogo College of Medicine between 1981 and 1985. The total number of exams during those five years was 679, including 50 rapid diagnosis at the time of surgery, which corresponded to 536 cases. The largest group in this series corresponded to cystic lesions of the jaws and oral soft tissue which amounted to 190 cases (35.4% of the total). The most common single diagnosis was radicular cyst which amounted to 88 cases (16.4% of the total).

View full abstract

To elucidate the influence of weaning on developing salivary glands, the submandibular glands of 3, 4, 5 and 6 week old rats which have been weaned at different ages were examined ultrastructurally and morphometrically. In this study, the terminal tubule cell, the acinar cell, the striated duct cell (including granular duct cell) and the intercalated duct cell were observed.
Sexual dimorphism in this study was not recognized with regard to the development of the submandibular gland.
Similarly in previous reports, the terminal tubule cells decreased gradually and disappeared almost by 6 weeks, the acinar cells increased greatly in this period. But morphological evidence that the terminal tubule cells would transform into the acinar cells was not observed. We comfirmed that the many terminal tubule cells would disappear themselves and a few would transform into the intercalated duct cells by this morphological and morphometric study. Late weaning resulted in marked developmental delay of the gland. The mechanism where by the suckling delayed the development and differentiation of the submandibular gland could not be detected.

View full abstract

During a 20 year period from 1967 to 1986, 486 oral malignant tumor patients were treated in our clinic. Among them 17 patients (3.5%) had lip cancer. The results of this survey is as follows 1) There were 10 males and 7 females. The average age of the 17 patients was 61.4 years. 2) The complaint most commonly reported was lip swelling. 3) On the location of cancer, 15 cases were lower lip, one case was upper lip and one case was commissure. 4) With respect to TNM category, 2 cases were T1, 11 cases were T2, 1 case was T3, and 3 cases were T4, 7 cases were N0. 4 cases were N1, 4 cases were N2, and 3 cases were N3, all cases were MO. With respect to stage grouping, there was 1 stage I case, 6 stage II cases, 3 stage III cases and 7 stage IV cases. 5) In histological classification, 15 cases were squamous cell carcinoma, 1 case was basal cell carcinoma and 1 case was mucoepidermoid carcinoma. 6) 3 cases were treated only by chemotherapy (C). 2 cases were treated only by irradiation (R). 4 cases were treated by (C) + (R). 2 cases were treated by (C) + surgery (S). 6 cases treated by (C) + (R) + (S). 7) The cumulative five-year survial rate was 78.0% in these cases.

View full abstract

Though many methods have been tried for mandibular reconstruction after limited excision, it is well known that autogenous bone graft is the best method. Boiled autogenous bone graft (BABG) is considered one of the best methods for immediate reconstruction. The patients with ameloblastoma and odontogenic keratocyst located in the mandible were reconstructed immediately with the BABG. Our method was as follows;1) removal of the tumor region, 2) boiling the bone in distilled water for twenty minutes, 3) wiring with the recipient bone. Both cases could obtain favorable results from cosmetic functional standpoints.
BABG was also examined using adult Macaca fuscata before clinical application. After en block excision of 18 × 10 mm width in the inferior border of the mandible, the extracted bone was boiled in 100°C water for twenty minutes and then was reimplanted. Six months after operation, the monkey was sacrificed by bleeding, and the specimen was examined histopathologically.
Results of animal experiment: Although the cell components could not exist in the region of reimplanted boiled bone, the circumference of the implanted boiled bone was newly formed of bone tissues that was expected to be generated from the periosteum.

View full abstract

The subjects which we examined by means of questionnaires were 1027 juni-or and senior high school students aged 12-16 years (561 boys and 466 girls).
The results obtained were as follows:(1) The total incidence of three TMJ dysfunctio n symptoms, namely, pain in the TMJ, trismus and TMJ sounds, was 315 students (30.7%), 183 boys (32.6%) and 132 girls (28.3%). No significant difference that increased with age was found between boys and girls. (2) The incidence of pain in the TMJ was 184 students (17.5%) for the total group, which consisted of 101 boys (18.0%) and 83 girls (17.9%). No significant sex difference that increased with age was found. (3) The incidence of trismus was 147 students (14.3%) for the total group, which consisted of 83 boys (14.8%) and 64 girls (13.7%), No significant sex difference that increased with age was found. (4) The incidence of TMJ sounds was 214 students (20.8%) for the total group, which consisted of 123 boys (21.9%) and 91 girls (19.5%). No significant sex difference that increased with age was found. (5) The incidence of bruxism was 61 students (5.9%) for the total group, which consisted of 37 boys (6.6%) and 24 girls (5.2%), with no significant sex difference was found that increased with age. The incidence of this group for TMJ dysfunction symptoms was significant difference for no bruxism group. (6) The incidence of TMJ dysfunction symptoms on the working side was significantly more frequent in unilateral sides (36.4%) than that of bilateral sides (26.3%). (7) The incidence of students that received orthodontic treat-ment was 147 students (14.3 %) for the total group, which consisted of 77 boys (13.7%) and 70 girls (15.0%), with no significant sex difference that increased with age was found. The incidence of TMJ dysfunction symptoms in orthodontic treatment group was not signifi cantly different from that of no orthodontic treatment group.

View full abstract

We earlier reported the higher prevalence of dental caries and periodontal disease in juvenile diabetic children than in normal children and the relationship between the severity of periodontal disease and the control state of diabetes mellitus. Following the study, some investigators reported the same tendency in adults with diabetes mellitus. However, a few pathological studies showing a higher prevalence of periodontal disease in juvenile diabetes have been reported.
Consequently, this study has been done to show the populating organisms in the subgingival area of patients with juvenile diabetes mellitus.
The cultivable microflora were predominantly of the streptococcus species, and the neisseria species was the next most common group of microganisms.
The scores of the oral examination were not so different, but some relationships were exhibited between DHI and PMA index. And the colony formation ratio of Streptococcus viridans revealed a degree of gingivitis

View full abstract

In recent years, cases of paranasal aspergillosis have been increasing. W e recently encountered a case of aspergillosis of the maxillary sinus, which is relatively rare in the field of maxillofacial surgery. W e would like to present that case with review of the literature on this disease and discussion.
The patient, a 42-year-old woman, visited our clinic complaining of pain in the right buccal region. She was diagnosed chronic maxillary sinusitis and treated with antibiotics and irrigation of maxillary sinus for about 2 weeks. Cheese-like lumps were removed from the maxillary sinus by the irrigation and histopathological examination of them showed fungus balls of aspergillus. Radical Caldwell-Luc operation was carried out on the right maxillary sinus under general anesthesia. After surgical removal of infected mucosa and fungus balls, irrigation with Amphotericin B was done for 10 days. The patient improved and 8 months after the operation was clinically free from aspergillosis.
Aspergillosis of the paranasal sinuses is classified into 3 types: non-invasive, invasive and fulminant. Because the patient was not in immunodeficient condition, our case was thought to be a non-invasive type aspergilosis.

View full abstract

Osteomyelitis of the jaw has been treated by operation and administration of antibiotics. Many cases of osteomyelitis of the jaws usually respond well to surgical drainage and antibiotics. But some rare cases are refractory to conventional therapy.
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy has been successfully used for treatment of osteomyelitis of the long bones. W e recently explored the use of hyperbaric oxygen in the therapy of refractory osteomyelitis of the jaws in 8 patients.
Seven patients were females and one was male. Their ages ranged from 22 to 60 years (mean: 36 years). Five were cases with osteomyelitis of the mandible and three were of the maxilla. The type of osteomyelitis was chronic in seven cases and subacute on one case.
The patients received hyperbaric oxygenation in a chamber under 2 atmospheres absolute pressure, breathing 100 per cent oxygen by mask for 1 hour daily. This was done daily 20 to 30 or more times and after that once or twice a week as maintenance. They were treated by hyperbaric oxygen therapy 31 to 156 times (mean: 87.6 times) for 1.5 to 22 months (mean: 9.3 months). Finally 4 patients were improved and 3 patients were remarkably improved. The symptoms of one patient did not change, but was completely cured after following surgical treatment.

View full abstract

The authors experienced four cases of simple bone cyst occurring in mandibles, and presents them with review of literature.
Case 1: the patient was referred to our department from a dental practioner because of swelling on the right cheek. Cases 2-4: these patients were recommended for further examination of incidental radiolucencies on orthopantomgraphies during conventional dental treatment by dental practioners. Clinical, roentgenographic and operation findings revealed that all teeth associated with the cysts were vital ones without any inclination, absorption or cyst wall. They, therefore, were recognized as simple bone cysts of the mandibles. All of these cases had favorable postoperative courses with new bone formation which were dis-closed on roentgenograms at 18 months after operation in Case 1, 14 months after in Case 2, 9 months in Case 3, and 4 years in Case 4 respectively.
It is difficult to make diagnosis of simple bone cyst, but it seemed that interview on any episode of trauma to applicated region, X-ray examination and electric pulp test of the involved teeth were useful for differentiation from other cystic lesions.

View full abstract

Horizontal root fracture of tooth can occur in traumatic incidents such as traffic accidents, sports accident, overturning or falling down, and usually occurs in the middle third of the root of upper anterior teeth in young men.
To date, such fractured teeth have been extracted because of their hopless prognosis.
In this paper clinical impression of endodontic endosseous implants applied to fracture teeth in the middle third of the root are reported. A 1-2 year follow-up showed asymptomatic teeth

View full abstract

Nonossifying fibroma is usually seen in long bones, and very rarely encountered in the mandible.
We reported a case of nonossifying fibroma in the mandible of a 7-year-old boy. He had complained of diffuse swelling in his left parotid area for a month. At his first visit to our department on March 5, 1986, the diffuse swelling, elastic hard in consistency, was observed on his left parotid area. He did not complain of spontaneous pain, but palpation of that area revealed slight tenderness. Previous parotid sialography, performed by an otorhinolaryngologist, revealed no abnormality. Roentgenography showed multilocular radiolucent lesion on his left ramus of the mandible. The radiolucency had thin osteosclerotic margin containing no abnormal radio-opacity.
Histopathological specimen from surgical curettage, revealed fibroblast-like cells which formed whorled bundles and multinucleated giant cells scattered in the stroma. There was noepithelial element or bone in the lesion. Foam cell was not detected in the specimen. Histopathological diagnosis was established as nonossifying fibroma.
Our review of literature about nonossifying fibroma in jaw bones indicated only eight casesincluding the present one. All cases were in the mandible, frequently at the posterior region.Five patients out of eight were female, and seven were under 30 years old. Roentgenography revealed multilocular lesion in five cases, and monolocular in three. Histopathology showed whorled pattern of fibroblasts and multinucleated giant cells in all cases. Foam cells were seen in five cases. All cases were treated with surgical procedures.

View full abstract

Analyses of psychological characteristics were performed in 122 cases of glossodynia by Yatabe-Guilford Personality Inventory (Y-G test), Kyusyu Medical Index (KMI) and Self-Rating Questionnaire for Depression (SRQ-D).
By Y-G test, the personality of the patients with glossodynia did not show any significant differences from the controls.
While, it was suggested that they participate of being more concerned about psychological factors and cancerphobia by KMI, but practically they were not depressive mode by SRQ-D.

View full abstract

To investigate the usefulness of ceftizoxime (Epocelin^®, CZX), a cephalospolin antibiotic, in the maxillofacial regions, CZX 2 g was administered intravenously to 28 operative cases of oral surgery. Concentrations in the serum and bone tissue were measured and the following results were obtained.
1) The mean serum level was 92.4 μg/ml about 30 minutes after intravenous administration and 38.6 μg/ml after about 60 minutes. When the recurrence formula was determined with measured values, C=75.8e^-0.359t was obtained and the serum half-life was 1.93 hours.
2) The concentration in maxillary bone tissue was 11.0 μg/g about 30 minutes after intravenous administration and 6.99 μt/gig after about 60 minutes and there were no differences in concentration in the maxilla or the mandibule.
3) W hen maxillary tissue levels were compared between patients with marked inflammatory symptoms, such as swelling, redness, pains and pus, and those without inflammatory symptoms, the levels in the former tended to be higher.
4) The concentration of CZX in maxillary bone tissues exceeded the MIC₈₀ for Streptococcus and Peptococcus detected frequently in the maxillofacial regions, and those against gramnegative rods tending to increase.
The above results suggest that CZX is useful for treatment of various infection in the maxillofacial regions.

View full abstract

Arteriovenous hemangioma is a lesion which arteries and veins communicate directly without going by way of capillary vessels. In the field of oral and maxillo-facial surgery, there are relatively many case reports of jaws with lesions like this, but few reports about the soft tissues. We have experienced a case of arteriovenous hemangioma of the left upper lip and cheek.
Case: A 58-year-old male, complaining of a mass on the left upper lip and cheek, visitedour hospital 10 th June, 1986. The mass was the same size as a quail egg. It could be palpated synchronous thrill with pulse and ausculated bruit. Examined with thermography, the skin temperature of the lesion was warmer than the surrounding. CAG findings showed expansion and tortuousness of the left superior labial artery and buccal artery, pooling of the thumb size of the lesion at the artery phase and the expansion of the continuous vein. It was accordingly diagnosed clinically as A-V shunt. On 10 th September, 1986, under general anesthesia enucliation of the lesion was performed by ultrasonic aspirator. Histopathological diagnosis was arteriovenous hemangioma. After operation the lesion healed with out any problems and the patient was aesthetically satisfied.

View full abstract

CT images of 18 patients, diagnosed squamous cell carcinomas of the tongue or oral floor, were analyzed to assess the clinical importance of plain CT for primary sites.
All cases were scanned on Somatom DR (Siemens) at the Department of Dental Radiology, Kyushu University Dental Hospital from 1985 to 1988.
Results were as follows:
1, As descriptions of primary tumors mainly depended on their size in soft tissue, plain CT was useful only for advanced cases (T3, T4).
2, For cancer of the oral floor and advanced cases of cancer of the tongue, plain CT was useful to evaluate the bone invasion, especially in cases of lingual cortex of the anterior mandible.

View full abstract

A 7-year-old male patient with cystic hygroma treated with local injection of bleomycin was reported. This tumor invaded the left buccal region with ipsilateral cervical extension. The patient was locally injected with bleomycin-saline solution (1 mg/ml) under hospitalization. On the second injection (total dose of 8 mg bleomycin), the tumor completely diminished. Clinical examination 3 years postinjectedly showed no evidence of recurrenceof the tumor.

View full abstract

Low density areas of radioactivity (cold lesions) were sometimes observed inpatients with jaw bone diseases by bone scintigraphy.
Bone scanning was performed with a scinticamera 180 minutes after i.v. administration of 10-15m Ci of 99mTc-labelled methylene disphosphonate (99mTc-MDP).
The 145 cases consisted of 52 cases of bone tumors and tumor-like lesions, 24 cases of cystic lesions, 57 cases of inflammatory lesions and 12 cases of bone grafts.
Among these, 28 cases exhibited cold lesions.
Although the mechanism behind the localization of radioactivity in inorganic substances in bone is still not clearly understood, this accumulation is considered to be something closely connected with the transformation of bone tissues and reeional bone blood flow.
A cold lesion may be detected when radioactivity is cold at its focus where new bone formation is inactive, but warm or hot at the periphery, of the focus which shows increasednew bone formation.

View full abstract