The localization of amalgam deposits confirmed by X-ray micro-analysis in the oral mucosa was histopathologically examined. In the light microscope, the amalgam was present in the tissues and cells as irregular solid fragments and as discrete, fine and dark granules. They were also associated with the basement membrane of mucosal epithelium, collagen fibers, wall of blood vessels, perineuria and muscle fibers. In the electron microscope, intracellular fine granules surrounded by aggregates of fine filaments of electron-dense materials were observed within macrophages. Fine granules were actively digested by macrophages, fibroblasts, and multinucleated giant cells. Fine particles were observed around smooth muscle cells of blood vessels.

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To observe effects of the procedure on craniofacial growth and development, the authors removed 10 mm of the zygomatic arch from rats. The results obtained in this study were as follows.
1) Body weight, as for the results of body weight measurements during the study period, no significant difference was observed between the three groups irrespective of sex and age of rats examined.
2) Macroscopic finding of face, in both control and sham operation groups, both upper and lower incisors showed no deviation and the masseter surface was smooth and symetric and no abnormal findings in 60 day old rats. In the operated group the nasal bone and the anterior maxillary deviated to the non-operated side for maxillary incisors, while the mandibular incisors deviated on the operated side in 120 day old rats. The masseter around the resected site of the zygomatic arch atrophied and the muscular surface exhibited asymetry in 120 day old rats.
3) The muscular fiber of the control and sham operation groups, its normal structure with favorably arranged morphology and clear striation in 60 and 120 day old rats. But, the muscular fiber in the operated group was atrophy.
Namly, the atrophied muscular fibers had a minimized diameter with increased myolemanucleus, but the striated strucure was not lost in the operated site in the operated group in 60 and 120 day old rats.

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The epithelium of human oral mucosa and human tooth germ were studied by immunohistochemistry using antibodies to cytokeratins and by electron microscopy. The following four cytokeratin subunits, were used:(1) CK-1 reactive with 45 and 54 KD cytokeratin subunits, (2) SE-K reactive with 56, 56.5, 58 and 68 KD cytokeratin subunits, (3) NSE-K reactive with 52, 5 KD cytokeratin subunit, and (4) 19-K reactive with 40 KD cytokeratin subunit. Immunohistochemically SE-K was detected in squamous epithelial cells of adult and fetal oral mucosa, epithelial cells of dental lamina and outer enamel epithelium of tooth germ, but not in inner enamel epithelium; NSE-K was detected in all epithelial cells of dental lamina and tooth germ, but not in the squamous epithelial cells of adult and fetal mucosa; 19-K was detected in basal cells of fetal oral epithelium, epithelial cells of dental lamina, and in all epithelial cells of tooth germ, but not in the epithelium of adult gingiva. Under electron microscopy squamous epithelial cells of adult and fetal oral mucosa showed a wide range of densely aggregated bundles of intermediate filaments of about 10 am in diameter, whereas enamel epithelial cells of tooth germ showed fine, short aggregated bundles or scattered intermediate filaments. Scattered intermediate filaments were also found in basal cells of fetal oral mucosa. These results suggest that the aggregated bundles of intermediate filaments and their distribution may reflect a correlation of immunohistochemical expression of the cytokeratin subunits between the epithelium of oral mucosa, and the dental epithelium of dental lamina and tooth germ.

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We have made cell nuclear DNA determination comparison with clinical findings and pathohistological pictures, in 34 cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma, Then, the following analysis was made:
1) With respect to the correlation with clinical findings: The tumor size (T) and DNA patterns were apparently correlated and in the assigned lymph node positive case (N₊) distribution was apt to be wider at the highploidy.
2) With respect to the correlation with pathological findings: For the cancer differentiation (WHO, 1971), polyploid cell appeared at a higher rate for the poorly differentiated type and to a lesser extent for the highly differentiated type, without a constant relationship there between. In evaluation of histological malignancy (Anneroth, 1987), an apparent correlation is noted between the mode of infiltration and DNA patterns, which indicates that changes of nuclear DNA amount give effects on the mode of infiltrations. As to cell nuclear atypism, an apparent correlation with DNA patterns was noted, as the atypism advances higher, the greater the number of highploid cells are noted, showing the greater width of distribution.
3) With respect to the correlation with the prognosis: The polyploidy group showed the cumulative survival rate for 3 years significantly low compared to the lowploidy group with a higher recurrence rate, too.
From these findings mentioned above, nuclear DNA contents of oral squamous cell carcinoma revealed a correspondence to clinical and pathological findings, suggesting that nuclear DNA content may be a useful informational approach to grasp its malignancy and the presumption of its prognosis.

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Myotonic dystrophy is a hereditary multisystem disease characterized by myotonia and muscle atrophy. Histopathological study of an autopsy case, especially lesions of tongue muscles, is presented. The present case was a 50-year-old man with a sister similarly disordered. He was admitted with complaints of paropsis and myopathy, accompanied with obesity, frontal alopecia, diabetes, and conscious disturbance. Electromyogram revealed myotonic discharges and confirmed the diagnosis of myotonic dystrophy by muscle biopsy. He died of pneumonia based on advanced myopathy 2 years after the first examination. An autopsied tongue macroscopically showed atrophy in the anterior region with yellowish cut surfaces. Histological examination revealed severe atrophy of tongue muscles with nuclear and myofibrillar changes and replacement by fat cells. Morphometric analysis demonstrated a little heavier myopathy in the posterior region than in the anterior and middle regions of the tongue. The other skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscles showed various stages of myopathy.

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A combind therapy of 5-FU intra-arterial infusion with irradiation has been performed as a primary or preoperative therapy for oral carcinoma. However, it is reported that maintaining the minimum effective concentration of 5-FU is difficult and the concentration varies depending on the location and size of the tumor in case of intra-arterial infusion.
Recently a masked compound of 5-FU was developed and some author reported that in serum and tumor tissues it offers an effective concentration of 5-FU and keeps it for a long time. A masked compound of 5-FU is effective as intra-arterial infusion, it can be used clinically instead of 5-FU intraarterial infusion.
In this paper experimantal and clinical studies are reported to evaluate an effectiveness of orally administered 5-FU masked compounds comparing with continuous intra-arterial infusion of 5-FU. Furthermore, an optimal irradiation time after HCFU administration is discussed. In this study the author selected two compounds (HCFU, UFT) according to the results of preliminary experiments in which these two revealed high concentration rate in tumor tissue when HCFU, UFT, FT, and 5-FU·DS were administrated orally to AH-130 bearing rats. A clinical study compared 5-FU concentration in tumor tissues after oral administration of this drug with that after intra-arterial infusion of 5-FU. Furthermore, to evaluate the most effective irradiation time in combination therapy of compound and radiation. AH-130 bearing rats were irradiated 0.5, 2, 4, and 6 hours after HCFU oral administration, and tumor volume was measured 24 days after transplantation. The following results were obtained.
1) The tumor and serum concentration of 5-FU after oral administration of UFT and HCFU was higher than that of FT and 5FU-DS in AH-130 tumor bearing rats.
2) An experimental study in AH-130 tumor bearing rats treated with HCFU and irradiation showed that irradiation 0.5 to 4 hours after administration of HCFU decreased tumor size significantly when campared with other groups (p<0.05), and that irradiation 2 to 4 hours after administration of HCFU led to loss of tumor cells and local healing histopathologically.
3) The tumor concentration of 5-FU after oral administration of HCFU was very similar to that of intra-arterial infusion of 5-FU. Besides, in case of UFT, tumor concentration close to 0.05μg/g, that is generally discribed as effective tumor concentration, was also obtained.
4) From these results author concluded that oral administration of UFT or HCFU, especially HCFU, was useful as continuous 5-FU intra-arterial infusion.

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Large mobile protein (LM protein) is a glycoprotein which shows a high electrophoretic mobility in the saliva of rats repeatedly treated with isoproterenol (IPR). The submandibular gland in mice and rats are composed of acinar cells, granular convoluted tubule (GCT) cells and ductal segments, and GCT cells show hyperplastic enlargement upon testosterone (TP) administration.
The present study identifies LM protein immunohistochemically, and electrophoretically in the saliva and salivary gland of rats treated with 1) IPR, 2) TP and 3) repeated amputation of the bilateral lower incisor teeth (Am rats). LM protein was found in fine granules of acinar cells in the parotid gland of the TP, IPR treated and Am rats.
The normal submandibular gland exhibited positive LM protein reaction in acinar cells and GCT cells. In the TP treated groups, LM protein immunostaining was characteristically found in secretory glanules of hyperplastic GCT cells. The hyperplastic acinar cells of submandibular glands in IPR treated and Am rats, also showed positive staining for LM protein. Demilune cells of the normal sublingual gland and those of TP, IPR, and Am rats, were found to contain LM protein positive granules. LM protein was positive on immunoblotting PAGE of submandibular saliva from TP, IPR treated, and Am rats under a-adrenergic stimulation, and from IPR treated and Am rats under β-adrenergic stimulation.
The occurrence of LM protein in acinar and GCT cells of rats under particular conditions may be related to cellular regulation as hyperplasia and high proliferating status.

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Langerhans cells (LCs) in the parenchyma of human tongue cancer were investigated immunohistochemically using anti-S-100 protein antibody. The numbers of positive cells were counted by using an image analyzer system (KONTRON, IBAS-2000). The LCs were easily detected both in the parenchyma of the cancer and in normal epithelium as a dendritic cell. Quantitative analysis of LCs showed significantly greater numbers in the parenchyma than in normal epithelium. The number of the LCs in the parenchyma was approximately the same as in well and moderately differentiated cancer, but the parenchyma of poorly differentiated cancer had more LCs. The cancer with severe stromal inflammatory cells infiltration had the most LCs compared with the cancers with slight and moderate infiltration. This suggested that LCs were immunologically active and played some important role in the development of tongue cancer.

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Sintered hydroxylapatite (HA) dental implants and plasma spraying HA coating implants have been used. Desirable properties of the former type of implants include a thinner HA layer and the ability to provide structures for mechanical retention, while those of the latter type of implants are a stronger adhesion to the titanium surface and more retentive and more stable apatite structures. We have developed a flame spraying apatite coating titanium dental implant system in an effort to improve some of these properties. In this study, the newly-developed implants were installed in adult dogs for histological findings of which will be reported in this paper. The results of this study may be summarized as follows.
1) This implant showed a good bone covering.
2) Little imflammatory change was observed in the surrounding soft tissue.
3) Mononuclear or multinuclear cells were observed in contact with HA surface. Although the elution of HA grains from HA surface was observed in limited areas, no obvious resorption was observed on HA surface.
4) These findings seemed to suggest a possible clinical application of this system.

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Experimental total discectomy was carried out in the rabbit temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Both histologic and histochemical observations were done at postoperative one and three days, as well as, one, two, four, six, and eight weeks. In order to evaluate the injury and repair of the articular cartilage of the mandibular condyle after experimental discectomy, immunohistochemical staining by using anti-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) monoclonal antibody in vivo labeling method was made.
Histologic evaluation demonstrated that there was no evidence of disc regeneration up to eight weeks postoperatively. Significant cartilaginous injury was observed afler three days postoperative. The injury was featured and staged as cluster formation of chondroid cells, necosis of cartilage, break down of the cartilage layer, and to an exposure of the subchondral bone. Histological evidence of cartilaginous repair was characterized by cartilaginous proliferation adjacent to the injuried region and by osteoblastic formation in the bone marrow at exposed subchondral bone along with connective tissue re-lining.
Immunohistological evaluation disclosed that there was a significant increase in positive staining BrdUlabeled cells in the adjacent cartilage to the injured tissue at the peak two weeks postoperative, and slight up-take of BrdU-positive cells in the proliferative zone in the cartilage layer was observed up to eight weeks postoperatively. In the bone marrow of the exposed subchondral bone, significant increased positive staining of BrdU cells were observed at the peak four weeks postoperatively.
These studies indicated that the discectomy in the TMJ induced significant cartilage injury and did not regenerate the articular disc, however, injured cartilage was incompletely repaired and the remodeling was made up in accordance with the structure and function of the TMJ.

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A case of tuberculous lymphadenitis occurred at the submandibular and submental lymph nodes is reported.
A 53-year-old woman visited our department complaining of tumors at the right cervical region. She had recognized a submandibular tumor for 40 years, and a submental tumor separately emerged 4 years prior to the first visit.
A computed tomography revealed solid mass with a hypodensity area in them, whereas an echosonogram revealed well-demarcated cystic lesions. Blood examinations were within normal limits, but purified protein derivative skin tests were positive. A chest roentgenogram disclosed no abnormality except a mediastinal shadow ascribed to previous cardiac surgery. An open biopsy was performed, and the histopathology revealed classic tubercles. The diagnosis was, therefore, tuberculous lymphadenitis of the submandibular and submental lymph nodes. Acid-fast bacilli was negative in the histologic specimen, as well as, in smear and culture of the sputum. Negative results were often encountered in the cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis. When negative results, an open biopsy should be undertaken for differential diagnosis.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is not primarily vigorous in nature, and an asymptomatic lesion might be established as an equilibrium between the host and bacilli without aggressive clinical course. Immunodeficiency may destroy the equilibrium, followed by a systemic spread sometimes with fetal sequelae. The case, thus, allows us to speculate an adverse spread via lymphatic stream from the pre-existing lymphadenitis which was established in an immunocompromised status manifesting as herpes zoster of the breast. Despite undetected pathogenic germ, antituberculous regimen including chemotherapy should be initiated.

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Neurilemmoma may occur in any part of the body, but it is relatively rare in the oral and maxillofacial region. We experienced a case of neurilemmoma that originated in the hypoglossal nerve. The patient, a 56-year-old man, visited our hospital with a chief complaint of painless swelling in the submandibular region. Salivary gland tumor of the submandibular region was the clinical diagnosis. The tumor was extirpated together with submandibular gland under general anesthesia. It was confirmed that the tumor arose in the course of the hypoglossal nerve. Pathological diagnosis was neurilemmoma, mixed type of Antoni A and B. There is no evidence of reccurence for 14 months after surgical operation.

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The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of physio-medical therapy for temporomandibular joint (TMJ) syndrome with myofascial pain dysfunction. The subjects were 30 patients clinically diagnosed TMJ syndrome: nine had myofascial pain dysfunction alone and twenty-one suffered from myofascial pain dysfunction and TMJ disorder. Physiotherapy consisted of massage of masticatory and cervical muscles with or without hot fomentation, 3 to 5 times a day, for 2 weeks. The patients were given muscle relaxant for 2 weeks. Some patients were also given an anti-inflammatory drug.
Difficulty of mouth opening was markedly improved in 20 of the 26 patients (77%). TMJ tenderness disappeared in 83%(10/12), but TMJ pain at maximal mouth opening subsided in only 41%(7/17). Muscle pain at jaw movement was relieved in 89%(17/19), and muscle tenderness subsided in 73%(22/30). TMJ clicking disappeared in 3 out of 12 patients. In the results, myofascial pain dysfunction was markedly improved in 71%(23/30). These results indicate that a combination of muscle massage and muscle relaxant are effective modality for TMJ syndrome with myofascial pain dysfunction.

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A 28-year-old male patient, had complications of a submucosal tumor, which occured in the right cheek. The tumor was about 8mm in diameter. No abnormal findings were found in radiological examinations.
Clinical diagnosis was benign submucosal tumor in the right cheek. Under local anesthesia, the tumor was resected with the covered oral mucosa.
Pathological examination revealed a picture of eosinophilic granuloma, which occured in the buccal gland. On electronography, we found Langerhans' granule in the lesion.
Upon investigation of the whole body, we found no evidence of other lesions. In the postoperative follow up of 21 months, we found no lesion in the right cheek or other parts of the body.
Final diagnosis was unifocal eosinophilic granuloma.

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A case of herpes zoster localized in oral mucosa is reported.
A 34-year-old man complaining of contact pain on the right side of his hard palate and gingivae visited our hospital.
Intraorally, there were a variety of large and small erosive lesions on the right side of his hard palate covered with pseudomembrane. In addition, swelling and redness of gingivae was observed in the right side of the jaw. However, he had no eruptions on his facial skin. Serological investigation demostrated rising serum antibody level to herpes zoster virus. A history of primary varicella/zoster virus infection (chickenpox) had not been evident.
A clinical resolution was obtained with an antiviral therapy (acyclovir) and no evidence of recurrence has been revealed.

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A case of Kimura's disease in a 56-year-old male was reported. In the first visit examination, the lesion presented as tumor-like swelling at bilateral parotid regions. Multiple lymph-nodes were observed in the neck and inguinal regions. In addition, significant blood eosinophilia was presented. Under the clinical diagnosis of eosinophilic granuloma, excisional biopsy of the parotid region, several lymph nodes in the neck and the skin of the forearms was performed. And bone marrow puncture was done. The pathologic findings revealed a picture of Kimura's disease. The lesion apparently responded to therapy with predonisolone and indomethacin.

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Basal cell nevus syndrome is considered to be an autosomal dominant hereditary disease frequently accompanying jaw cyst, basal cell epitheliomas, and skeletal anomalies.
We recently experienced a family with this syndrome. Upon investigation, it turned out that jaw cyst occured in the father. Both patients have ocular hyper-terolism, broad nasal base, jaw cyst, calcification of the cerebro-falx. Chromosomal examination showed nothing in particular. A Sister was odontogenic keratocyst pathologically. Neither patient had a recurrence of the jaw cyst.
We think it is necessary to see the general condition and familial symptom, for long term follow-up.

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A 61-year-old female was referred to our Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department for evaluation of swelling of the gingiva adjacent to the left lower first molar. Since microscopic examination revealed a dense aggregate of plasma cells, myeloma was suspected. However, after thorough investigation, final diagnosis as a plasma cell granuloma could be made.
Microscopically, the plasma cells showed no cytologic abnormality and were accompanied by other inflammatory cells. Russel bodies were seen. In addition, the immunoperoxidase technique showed polyclonal population of plasma cells.
Treatment consisted of total resection of the lesion including the alveolar bone. No signs of recurrence have appeared 9 years postoperatively.

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Three cases of TMJ ankylosis due to mandibular fracture were treated successfully by surgery that involved aggressive resection of the ankylotic segment and insertion of a silicon sheet implant.
Case 1 was a 37-year-old male who had fallen down and suffered fracture of the lower limbs and mandible at the age of 25. Fractur of the anterior part of the mandible was treated by open reduction with transosseous wiring, but bilateral condylar fractures were treated conservatively. His mouth opening was limited gradually. X-ray examination showed extensive bone union at the left side of TMJ area.
Case 2 was a 5-year-old girl who had fallen down and struck her jaw at the age of four. She had no treatment. Her mandibular movements became limited gradually. X-ray examination showed bone union at the left side of TMJ area.
Case 3 was a 27-year-old male who had suffered fracture of the mandible in a trafic accident at the age of 23. Treatment of the mandibular fracture was the same as for case 1. He had undergone the operation on the TMJ one year later, because of pain in the TMJ and limited opening of his mouth. However, his symptoms did not improve. X-ray examination showed hyperplasia with irregular morphologic change of the left mandibular head and narrowing of the joint space.

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An analysis was made of the clinical features of 2111 cases of intra-osseous jaw cyst treated at the Department of Oral Surgery, Sapporo Medical College Hospital during the past 14 years from April 1976 to March 1990. Our cases were classified according to the classification proposed by Fukushima and Ishiki in 1985. The results of this analysis were as follows
1) Total number of patients who visited our oral surgery clinic was 28511 cases during the past 14 years. Of the 28511 cases, 2111 cases (7.4%) were diagnosed as intra-osseous jaw cyst.
2) In 1924 classifiable cases, radicular cysts were most common and were found in 1287 cases account for 66.9 %. Postoperative maxillary cysts were found in 280 cases (14.6%) and dentigerous cysts in 219 cases (11.45).
3) Distribution between male and female was almost equal. In post-operative maxillary cysts, dentigerous cysts, primadial cysts, nasa-palatin ductal cysts and simple bone cysts, the rate of occurrence in males had a higher incidence than in females.
4) As for the affected age, the peak incidence was seen in the fourth decade of life and it showed a tendency to decrease with age. The peak incidence was third and fourth decade in radicular cysts, fifth decade in post-operative maxillary cysts, second decade in dentigerous cysts.
5) As for the affected side, incisor and canine region of maxilla was most common. This result was influenced by the affected side of radicular cyst which was most common in jaw cysts.

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A prepubertal periodontitis is reported to be a relatively rare disease and recently the etiology has been discussed in relation to leukocyte function and immunological response We experienced a case of generalized prepubertal periodontitis in a 13-year-old female. She has no marked medical history and her clinical examinations were as follows:
1. Elevated serum IgE
2. Significant increase in 0₂^- production of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL).
3. Elevated regulation of C₃bi receptor in PMNL.
4. Slight decrease in phagocytic activity of PMNL.
5. Decrease in chemotaxis of PMNL.
6. Elevated antibody titers to Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Bacteroides gingivalis.
In this case, abnormal functions of PMNL, especially the ability of 0₂^- production, were considered to be important, and some discussion about pathological conditions were made.

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In recent years, paranasal sinus mycosis has been increasing. We have experienced and present a case of the maxillary sinus mycosis.
A 24-year-old man visited our hospital with a chief complaint of pain in the right upper third molar region. Radiograph at his first visit revealed that tooth 13j was completely impacted and also disclosed a radiopaque area approximately 2 mm in diameter in the middle of the right maxillary sinus. We diagnosed odontogenic sinusitis and mycosis of the right maxillary sinus suspect. Tooth j was extracted on the same day, and the extraction fossa was healed. Around January 5, 1991, he suffered spontaneous pain in the right buccal region, leading the patient to return to the hospital. Waters' view and facial CT revealed a high-density spot suggestions a fungus ball in the right maxillary sinus. On January 29, 1991, intraoperative histopathological examination under general anesthesia revealed a fungus-ball (later diagnosed as mucormycosis) in the right maxillary sinus. Radical surgery was performed on the maxillary sinus. Amphotericin B was administered in oral doses and gargle on the day after surgery.
The patient's course has been good for 3.5 months after the surgery, and there have been no signs of recurrence.

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Basal cell adenoma, which was first described by Kleinsasser and Klein as a group separate from pleomorphic adenoma, is a very rare salivary gland tumor.
A case of basal cell adenoma arising in the soft palate is reported.
A 30-year-old woman who complained of soft palatine swelling for approximately a month, was referred to our hospital September, 1989. Radiological examination revealed no evidence of bone destruction. The clinical diagnosis was a benign salivary gland tumor in the palate.
On the twelfth of October, 1989, the lesion was surgically excised under general anesthesia. Histologically, the lesion was a benign epithelial tumor resembling basal cell carcinoma of the skin.
A diagnosis of basal cell adenoma was made.

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Osteoradionecrosis of the jaw is one of late complications following radiotherapy for cancer of the head and neck.
Medical treatment usually consisted of antibiotic and surgical therapy in many cases of osteoradionecrosis of the jaw. Recently, Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy has been used as an adjunctive treatment of osteoradionecrosis.
We presented two cases of refractory osteoradionecrosis which used HBO therapy.
Case 1 is a 66-year-old male, and Case 2 is a 68-year-old male. They suffered from osteoradionecrosis of the jaw after radiotherapy (60 Gy) was administered to oropharynx carcinoma. They recieved 68 and 64 HBO therapy respectively.
Both cases showed a remission of symptoms, and laboratory data such as white cell counts, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and CRP during HBO therapy. But HBO therapy could not stop the enlargement of radiographic findings of a destruction of bone, and a pathological fracture occurred in case 2.
Many questions in HBO therapy as an adjunctive treatment remaining to be answered, and strict clinical examination should provide the answers.

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Schwannoma occurs everywhere neural tissue exists, but it is relatively rare in oral regions. It orally originates mostly in the tongue and very little in the lips. Recently we experienced a case of schwannoma arising in the left lower lip. The patient was a 73-year-old man and visited our hospital with the chief complaint of a lower lip. The tumor was excised under local anesthesia, and it was found to be an elliptical mass with a capsule measuring 35 × 20 × 20 mm. From both clinical and light microscopical findings it was diagnosed as schwannoma (Antoni A and B type) and was compared with other reports of schwannomas which had been already reported in Japan. From electron microscopical and immunohistochemical findings the origin of the tumor was suggested to be schwann cells in the present study.

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A 77-year old male patient with malignant melanoma was treated by fast neutron therapy and immunotherapy.
Total dose of fast neutron applied to the primary lesion was 1905 cGy per 21 fractionation for 46 days.
For adoptive immunotherapy, lymphocytes were collected from the peripheral blood drawn from the patient 2 days after the injection of cyclophosphamide. T cells were further purified by passing the lymphocytes through nylon wool. Cytotoxic T cells were induced by incubating the T cells mixed with allogeneic malignant melanoma cells and a small number of patient's adherent cells., and activated with recombinant interleukin-2 (γ IL-2). Our patient and the patient from whom stimulating melanoma cells were derived shared A locous 24 and B locous 51 of MHC class I antigens in common.
Thus prepared cytotoxic T cells were inoculated to the patient via the maxillary artery, 3 to 4 times a week for one month. Total amount of cells transferred was 5.6 × 10⁸ (97 % lymphocytes).
Primary lesion reduced markedly by the therapies. During adoptive immunotherapy, increase in natural killer cells and decrease in both suppressor/inducer T-cells and macrophages were observed. However, lung metastases appeared 3 months after adoptive immunotherapy. While the nonspecific immunotherapy (OK-432 injection) was being conducted thereafter, growth of the metastatic lesions of the lung was kept gentle but became obvious after the suspension of the treatment.

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The activating palatal plate, which was first reported by Castillo-Morales et al. in 1982, was used for treatment of oral dysfunctions in a patient with Down syndrome. The Castillo-Morales palatal plate has acrylic protuberant bodies which give tactile stimuli to mucosa of the hypotonic tongue and lip. The tongue stimulator whose shape is like a button with a deep central hole is placed at the posterior edge of the palatal plate. The lip stimulator which takes corrugated form is located in the vestibular front part of the plate. Mechanical stimulation of the tongue and upper lip makes the tongue withdraw and mouth close reflexively, resulting in improvement of oral dysfunctions in Down's syndrome.
We treated 6 cases of Down's syndrome, complicated with cleft lip and palate in 2 and congenital heart disease in 3. They had some oral dysfunctions, as a lack of sucking, deglutition and mastication, caused by hypotonia of the tongue and orofacial muscles. Moreover, most cases breathed through the mouth and often suffered from respiratory infections.
Five of 6 cases who wore the Castillo-Morales palatal plate at the age of between 4 months and 1 year 9 months were successfully treated. The orofacial hypotonic symptoms were significantly reduced to allow improvement in sucking, deglutition, mastication, and facial expression. Improvement of oral dysfunctions prevented maxillary hypoplasia and encouraged regular development of the mid-face region. But one case who started the treatment at the age of 4 years 5 months refused the palatal plate.
The Castillo-Morales palatal plate is possible of improvement of oral dysfunctions in Down's syndome, leading to long-term consequence of regular orofacial growth.

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