巻号一覧
1 巻, 3 号
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梶山 英二1932 年 1 巻 3 号 p. 113-114
発行日: 1932/09/20
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーA new aerator is designed to be employed for the culture of fresh or salt water organisms in small vassels so as to function automatically by the aid of ordinary running tap-water (see text-figure).
The functions of this apparatus are twofold: supplying and accumulating air. In the first process, when the tap-water is poured through the glass tubes C, D and B into a reservoir A, the air in A is pushed through another tube E into the open vessel, being substituted by the water. The bubbles thus formed in the vessel stir the water well and supply air to the latter. At the same time, as the pressure as well as the level of water in A become high, the level of water in a siphon S is raised, reaching at last the highest part of S. At this moment the siphon beginst of unction, and the second process commences. The water in A is siphoned out, and the air is sucked through the outer wall of the double-walled pipe D. When A is almost emptied, the siphon ceases to function and again the first process begins. The two processes are repeated alternately.
Proper adjustments as to the rate of pouring the tap-water, the rate of siphoning, the depth at which the end of E is placed, the width of the opening at that end, etc. are necessary but not very difficult.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (109K) -
石井 一美1932 年 1 巻 3 号 p. 115-120
発行日: 1932/09/20
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn order to obtain the fundamental knowledge of the efficacy of the dispersor of air bubbles in water used in the case of transporting fish in life, four series of experiments as mentioned below were caried out on some problems concerning the rate of dissolution of air from the fine bubbles into water, and the effects of air bubbles on fish. The fine bubbles were exclusively obtained by passing compressed air through the wall of an unglazed pipe. The bubbles thus obtainable under a little excess of pressure in the pipe were very small in size and constant in amount.
(1) As the total number of bubbles in a vessel at an instant depends on the velocity of ascention of the bubbles in water, vcm./sec. the relation of v to their radii rcm. was preliminarily examined by direct measurement of both the quantities, and a new empirical formula was. obtained (Fig. 1): v2=4296×103.r3e-21.6r.
The temperature of water was 19°C in average.
(2) The rate of dissolution of oxygen into water, which had free surface or was aerated by fine bubbles, was studied by determining oxgen content in water Cc.c./L. at different tiems by WINKLER'S method. In all cases the oxygen content C at time t is approximately given by the theoretical formula
VdC/dt=KS/Z(C∞-C) or C=C∞-(C∞-C0)e-KS/ZVt,
where C∞, is the oxygen content in saturation at the temperature of water in the experiment; C0 the value of C at time O; V the total volume of water; S the total area of the surface of contact between water and air; Z the thickness of the transition-layer existing against the surface of contact; and K a constant (Fig. 2). The values of constant K/ZH (Hbeing the depth of water) in hour were calculated from the results of the experiment as follows:
K/ZH 0.0116/loge for the water having circular free surface of 15.35cm. in diameter, , , =0.027/loge for water aerated by fine bubbles of 0.00675cm. in radius,
and, , 0.0527/loge for, , , , , , , , , , , , 0.01cm, , , , , ,
The difference among these values suggests the fact that Z diminishes with the increasing velocity of ascending bubbles.
(3) The duration of adhesion of the bubbles on the body surface of 45 goldfish swimming in water was observed, counting at different times the number of bubbles n with reference to their radii. The result is given in Fig. 3.
(4) Two goldfish were so enclosed in a net that they might swim always in the water through which fine bubbles were ascending at the different rate Qc.c./cm.2min. After 1 hour (when Q=0.29, 4.38 and 8.8 c.c./cm.2min.) and 27 hours (when Q=2.5, c.c./cm.2min.) the fish were taken out from the mist of bubbles. No serious physiological effects were observed either in these hours or in the followed 1 month, during which the fish were cultured in a still water as usual.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (324K) -
野口 榮三郎1932 年 1 巻 3 号 p. 121-123
発行日: 1932/09/20
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーUrea is present not only in urine of man, mammals and amphibians, but also in muscle, brain, blood, spleen, liver, saliva, milk, lymph, etc. of higher animals in small quantities. Since STAEDELER and FRERICHS(1) decidedly found urea in tissues and organs of elasmohranchs, STAEDELER(2), SCHULTZE(3), SCHROEDER(4), KRUCKENBENG(5), HAMMARSTEN(6), BOTAZZI(7), KAIEDA(S) have determined the substance in them. SCHROEDER explained the presence of a considerable quantity of urea in these fishes to the effect that their excretory function of the kidney is very insignificant. I have estimated urea in the muscle of several kinds of marine amimals by FOSSE'S xanthydrol method and obtained the results summarised in table 1.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (165K) -
宇田 道隆1932 年 1 巻 3 号 p. 124-129
発行日: 1932/09/20
公開日: 2008/07/08
ジャーナル フリーThe materials on which the present paper is based consist of two series: one obtained from Aziro fishing ground situated on the east coast of Penninsula Idu during a period of six years from 1927 to 1932, and the other taken from the records of many fishing boats working in the north-eastern waters of the Main Island of Japan from 1928 to 1930 inclusive. The first series includes the data on “Buri” (Seriola quinqueradiatu Temminck and Schlegel) and their younger stages (“Warasa” and “Inada”), “Mezi” (immature specimens of Thunnus thynnus (L)), and “Sawara” (Scomberomus niphonius Cuvier and Valenciennes), and the second contains those on “Katuwo” (Euthynnus vagans (Lesson)). For convenience's sake, the Japanese names of these fishes are used in the following lines. The average values of the body-weights for the specimens are plotted against the fishing seasons in Figs. 1, 3, and 4. There are to be seen two types in these figures in the variations of the body-weights. The first is characterized by sudden falls of the average body-weights during the fishing seasons as is the case with those of “Buri” and “Katuwo” Probably such abrupt changes may be due to successive arrivals of two groups of the fish having different mean body-weights and of different ages to the fishing grounds. To put another way, the older fishes may come there mostly earlier than the younger. The second type as illustrated by the average body-weights of “Warasa”, “Inada”, “Mezi”, and “Sawara” shows gradual increases in the values as the fishing seasons proceed. It seems to me that these forms do not constitute exclusive groups of different mean body-weights in relation to different periods of the fishing season but comprise mixed assemblages of the younger and older ones irrespective of the periods. It may be mentioned that a growth curve of “Buri” is plotted in Fig. 2 on the assumption, as given in Table 1, that the average body-weights of this form in the different periods of the fishing season represent those of different year-classes.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (346K) -
木村 喜之助1932 年 1 巻 3 号 p. 130-142
発行日: 1932/09/20
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe present w ?? iter's seria' observations done several times a day at a station, 28m. deep and located near the keddle net (i.e., a sort of the guiding barrier) of Awasima Isle at the north-eastern end of Suruga Bay, spread over three periods, viz., April 27 to June 13, July 21 to August 1, and September 23 to October 10, 1931. The results may be summarised as follows:-
1) Specific gravity, transparency, and density of plankton fall but SiO2 content rises in the surface layer when the tida lcurrent brings water-mass from the mouth of the Kano River to this station.
2) In the bottom layer, temperature of water decreases but specific gravity and SiO2 content increase owing to upwelling of water-mass from below in consequence of tidal movement.
3) The flowing of water from the mouth of the Kano River to the upper layer at this station and the upwelling of the water-mass from below here take place alternately.
4) Such conditions of the sea as closely related to the tidal movement change with the same period as that of the tide, the maxima or minima appearing fortnightly besides diurnal and semi-diurnal fluctuations.
5) A heavy rain or a strong wind results to make considerable changes at the station by bringing an enormous amount of extremely turbid water from the Kano River to this place.
Fragmentary as they are, the writer's observations made on June 7, 1931, in northern part of the bay appear to be worthy of record and may be briefly given in the following lines.
1) SiO2 content and specific gravity in the surface layer stand in close relation with each other, as is the case with the two variables in the corresponding layer at the station near Awasima Isle.
2) The surface layer of north-western part of the bay contains a very large amount of P2O5, its maximum value being found at the mouth of the Huzi River.
3) The 50m.- layer of northern part of the bay is remarkably rich in P2O5 content with its mean value about 120mg/m3, whereas the corresponding layers of the Tôkyô and Sagami Bays contain 30-50mg/m3 of the same.
4) The conditions of plankton sharply separate the northern coast of the bay from the coast of Nisiura which is situated just west to Awasima Isle. The plankton organisms along the former are mostly composed of zoöplankton and peridinians but are not densely populated. However, the diatoms lead the list along the latter and their density is very high.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (908K) -
大谷 武夫1932 年 1 巻 3 号 p. 143-147
発行日: 1932/09/20
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (342K)
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