日本水産学会誌
Online ISSN : 1349-998X
Print ISSN : 0021-5392
ISSN-L : 0021-5392
15 巻, 9 号
選択された号の論文の13件中1~13を表示しています
  • 岩田 清二
    1950 年 15 巻 9 号 p. 439-442
    発行日: 1950/01/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The genital organ of Mytilus edulis is observable through the very thin and somewhat transparent body wall. The follicle liberates the reproductive substances perhaps by the contraction of its muscle fibres In fact, when a strip of mantle is dipped in KCl solution, the reproductive substances run out of the cut ends of follicles or genital canals only during the contracting phase, but not during the relaxing phase of the strip. The reproductive substances, which were pushed into the genital canal from the follicles are transferred through the gonoduct to the genital process by the cilliary movements of the epithelium of the canal, and no muscular activity such as peristalsis can be observed. Genital process sometimes exhibits a vigorous contraction or a rhythmical pulsation during the course of spawning.
  • 岩田 清二
    1950 年 15 巻 9 号 p. 443-446
    発行日: 1950/01/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The spawning of the ejaculation can be induced in Mytilus edulis by a faradic stimulation (50 cycles). A stimulation of 20 volts, and 5 seconds duration is sufficient to induce the discharge of every ripe mussel. About 1 hour after the stimulation the mussel begins to discharge the reproductive substances. The reaction time and the duration of stimulation have no definite relation to the strength or to the duration of stimulation. The mode of discharge by an electrical stimulation is quite the same as the natural spawning or ejaculation. The ova thus discharged are all matured and can be easily fertilized by spermatozoa, which can be discharged also by the same way as the ova.
  • 田中 彌太郎
    1950 年 15 巻 9 号 p. 447-457
    発行日: 1950/01/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The present paper includes the results of my work on the injuring mechanisms of Purpura clavigera of 32mm in mean height to young oysters of 15mm in mean height in a summer month from August 7th to September 7th, 1947, at Mangokuura, Miyagi Prefecture.
    An oyster drill can kill 40% of 60 young oysters in a summer month and an oyster about in a day. Drills injure oysters to death by boring a hole always on the right valve of oyster in 3 manners of attack; thus the penetrated hole, the non-penetrated hole on the valve and the edge of valve is encroached semicircularly. Oysters were all killed by these 3 manners of attack. Drills seem not to select the peculiar part of oyster because every part of.right valve is attacked (Fig. 1). But the holes bored are by far the most abundant at the peripheral part of valve. The definite relationship between the situation of hole and the size of oyster and drill is unrecognizable, but there is a tendency that the larger the individuals are, the more frequently oysters are bored at their periphery and that the smaller the individuals are, the much more oysters are killed by the drills. The situation of hole on the valve of oyster seems to be determined by the size of oyster drill, the place and the direction of attack and the length of proboscis of drill.
    A single oyster has always a single hole on the valve and no more than 2 holes.
    The penetrated hole is inverted conical in shape with the outer hole being always larger than the inner hole. A greater part of holes are nearly circular or elliptical in outline. The major axes of outer and inner holes are in line with or parallel with each other or nearly so. The outer and inner holes are measured 1, 3mm and 1mm respectively on an average in their major axes. The minor axis of inner hole is about 3 times as wide as the width of radula. The larger drill can usually bore the larger hole than smaller drill can do.
    Drills move the proboscis back and forth from the gently inclining slope towards the steep slope of inner surface of hole in sliding right and left by width of radula as they bore a hole on the valve. The inclining angle of inner surface of hole ranges about from 45° to 50° when the inner hole is situated nearly in the central part of the outer hole. We can judge the position and direction of attack, the poise of drill from the features characteristic of the hole because the drill seems usually not to shift the position, the poise of body and the movement of proboscis during the time of boring hole on the oyster.
    A central tooth has a large central cusp at the middle, a small lateral cusp on both sides of it and 3 to 8 marginal denticles on both sides of the lateral cusp (Table 2), the base is laterally oblong in shape. A lateral tooth is sickle-shaped with broad base; the cusp tapering towards pointed tip with entire margin. The width of radula and the size of drill can be estimated from the minor axis of inner hole.
    Kinoshita was of the opinion that the size of hole will be determined by the distance between 2 lateral cusps of central tooth of radula and the boring speed of drill.
    The minor axis of inner hole ranges from 7.5 to 8 times as wide as the distance between the lateral cusps, while it is about 3 times as wide as the entire width of radula. Thus it seems adequate to consider that the entire radula will concern in boring hole. The mechanical action of radula may be recognizable.
  • 井上 明
    1950 年 15 巻 9 号 p. 458-468
    発行日: 1950/01/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Ammodytcs personatus, “Ikanago”, is a commercially important Sand-eel found abundantly along the coast of Osaka Bay.
    In the present paper the author has dealt with Sand-eel with regard to its habits, brecding season, develvpment, growth and migration.
  • 天野 慶之
    1950 年 15 巻 9 号 p. 469-474
    発行日: 1950/01/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The problem of green discoloration of frozen swordfish has affracted the attention of frozen food packers for several years. In 1948, about thirty per cent of the total production was found to be “green meat” and was rejected as unfitted for marketing.
    The greened part of the flesh gives disagreable smell which resembles that of sour kraut or sometimes foul cheese. The writer assumed that one of the components of this smell might be derived from some volatile acids and tried to detect such acids in the discolored part of frozen swordfish.
    Materials used … Meat flakes of frozen swordfish, collected from the green parts of the round fish stored in Shibaura Cold Storage Co., Tokyo, were introduced into the writer's laboratory on 17 Jan. 1949. This sample showed characteristic foul cheese-like smell and contained volatile base nitrogen from 22mgms to 30mgms per 100gms of the meat. Another sample was obtained from Tokyo Cold Storage Co., Tokyo, on 7 Jan. 1949, and 13.5mgms of volatile base nitrogen and 0.8mgms of hydrogen sulfide were found in this case. Organoleptic test showed that the latter sample was in less advanced stage of decomposition than the former.
    Method of isolation of volatile acids from the fish meat
    Fifty gms of the chopped meat were taken, to which were added 200c.c. of distilled water and 15c.c. of 85 per cent phosphoric acid. Then the mixture was subjected to steam distillation. 200c.c. of the distillate were collected in a beaker and treated with 0.5gms of calcium hydroxide to fix volatile acids as calcium salts. After this, the whole content was evaporated to dryness on water bath. To separate alcohol soluble acids, the film-like calcium salts, thus obtained were extracted with 10c.c. of ethyl alcohol. After one hour standing, alcoholic portion was filtered off and the filtrate was tested for propionic, butyric and iso-valeric acid, and the residue for formic acid, under a petrographic microscope after Behrens-Kley.
    Detection of propionic acid … A few c.c. of the filtrate was transferred on hole slide glass, to which were added 10mgms of barium acetate, but no precipitate was produced, even by the help of petrographic microscope crystal of barium propionate could not be observcd.
    Detection of butyric acid … To another portion of the filtrate were added 10mgms of copper nitrate and one drop of 20 per cent acetic acid. On standing for several hours, small amount of crystals deposited. The crystals were collected from the mother liquor and washed with distilled water repeatedly. The combined washings and the mother liquor were gently thickned on water bath. The concentrated solution was dried in dessicator, and examined under a petrographic microscope. But not a single crystal of copper butyrate was found.
    Detection of iso-valeric acid … The sparingly soluble crystals, obtaind by adding copper nitrate and acetic acid, separated from mother liquor and washed, were redissolved in few drops of acetic acid and recrystallised by liberating the acid at room temperature. The recrystallisation was repeated for three times. The photomicrographs of the crystals were shown in Plate 1-5.
    Detection of formic acid … … The residue of calcium salts treated with alcohol was dissolved in a few c.c. of distilled water, and filtered. To the filtrate were added 10mgms of cerium nitrate, however, no cerium formats was observed in this treatment.
    Comparison of the isolated crystal with copper iso-valerate recorded in Behrens-Kley's description1)
    The crystal obtained by the writer agrees with Behrens-Kley's description in the following points 1) The dichroitic character of the crystal cannot be observed under a petrographic microscope. 2) Sometimes there appear hexagonal plates which measure about 30microns in length.
  • 高岡 道夫, 石原 義雄, 小川 周三, 西野 一彦
    1950 年 15 巻 9 号 p. 475-478
    発行日: 1950/01/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    I) Concentration of the enzyme solution by freezing.
    We divided the enzyme solution into 5 layers in the test tube, and repeated freezing (in-6° ?? -12°C) and melting (in the room temp.) of it.
    The concentration of the enzyme in the 5th layer was maximum when it was repeated 5 tiems, and the ratio was ca 3.6.
    II) The Optimum temperature of the whale-pepsin.
    The opt. temperature of the whale-pepsin (Preparation from northern rorqual) was found to be 42°C (in 30min., Edestin) and 30°-40°C (in 6min.)
    This lies in the intermediate between the opt. temp. of the fish which lives in cold water and that of the fish in warmer water.
  • 瀧 庸
    1950 年 15 巻 9 号 p. 479-486
    発行日: 1950/01/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The spawning season of Meretrix luzoria has been investigated by a number of authors for a long time at various localities with the purpose of protecting the adult cleam during the spawning season and finding out the gathering time of the clam seeds.
    The ivestigation of clam in Tokyo Bay was intended in consecutive years in order to determine appropriately its spawning season and to make clear the decisive environmental factors to the spawning because the irregular results have been obtained by the previous authors. The material was supplied by the courtesy of Tokyo and Chiba Fishries Experimental Stations collected from their clam fields.
    In Haneda clam filed the ejculation was begun early in June and reached its highest season in July and became active again during the time from middle of August to that of September and seemed to last by late in October. The temperature and the specific gravity of sea water were 20°-30°C and about 1.010 at the ejaculating season in its height respectively. The temperature registered 15° and the specific gravity of sea water was 1.006 at about end of ejaculation. Since the heavy typhoon of September 15 th the sea was covered by water of the River Tama for several days and its specific gravity decreased nearly to a value of freshwater. The sudden decrease of specific gravity of sea water may have effect intensively on the discharging activity of clams. The spawning was begun from early in June and reached peak in July and active from middle of August to early in September and seemed to finish at about end of September or early in October. The temperature and the specific gravity of sea water at the highest season of spawning were the same as in the ejaculation of male. The highest spawning season in Haneda was in accord nearly with that in Chiba, investigated by Naito in 1930.
    The male clam of Chiba began to discharge sperms from early in June and the time from middle of June to early in August was the ejaculating season at its height and the clam was active again at about early and middle in September and ceased its discharge at about end of September. The temperature was 20°-30° and the specific gravity of sea water was 1.02-1.024 at the highest season of ejaculation. At this time there was no great diversity of temperature in both localities but the specific gravity in Chiba was exceedingly higher than that in Haneda where seemed to be much affected by river water of the Tama. The temperature and the it sepcific gravity when the ejaculation ceased were both higher in Chiba than in Haneda. The clam began to spawn early in June and was active a little from late in June to middle of July and from late in July to early in August but the spawning reached at its peak in middle and late of August and active again in early and middle of September and ceased by end of October. The temperature ranged from 26° to 30° and the specific gravity of sea water from 1.018 to 1.019 at the highest season of spawning. Therefore the temperature in that season was higher than that in the ejaculation and in the spawning season at Hancda; the specific gravity in that season was a little lower than in the ejaculation and somewhat higher than in Haneda. The beginning and the highest seasons of ejaculation coincided at Chiba and Haneda. The ejaculation was prolonged much more at its peak in Chiba than in Haneda and ceased earlier in Chiba than in Haneda. Both the highest seasons of ejaculation and spawning were concurrently in Haneda but not so in Chiba. In Chiba the highest peak of spawning was retarded by a month in comparison with the results obtained by Naito in 1930 as in the case of oyster which was observed by Fujimori along the coast of Tokyo Bay in Chiba Prefecture in 1947. It is conceivable that there may be some factors delaying spawning season of clam and oyster along the Chiba coast of Tokyo Bay in 1947.
  • 富山 哲夫, 井上 明
    1950 年 15 巻 9 号 p. 487-490
    発行日: 1950/01/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Certain devices and experiments have been made in order to obtain an appropriate apparatus for measuring the resistance _??_r reaction of the aquatic organisms to the various polluting substances. A particular device has been made of the constant supply of the solution of a certain polluting substance and of acid or alkali solution for pH-adjustment. The apparatus is shown in Fig. 1 and 2, the one shown in Fig. ?? 2 being most feasible.
    The efficacy of the apparatus has been tested by determining the deviation in concentration of a certain chemical during a fairly long duration. In the case of zinc sulfate in concentration of about 20mg per litre, the average deviations in the concentrations of four aquariums set up in parallel have been found, as is shown in Table 1, to be 2-3% in average, the maximum deviation being between+4.0_??_9.9%. The deviation in pH value has been of variance depending on the magnitude of the difference between pH value of tap water and the value to be maintained in the experiment, e. g., in an experiment at pH 4.5 the average deviation was 0.1, whereas at pH 5.7 it was 0.06. In the case of sodium sulfide, as is shown in Table 2, the average and maximum deviations in its concentration have been found to be 8.0%, and 19%, respectively. Taking into account individual differences of organisms, it will be apparent that by using the present apparatus the concentration of a polluting substance in running water can be maintained with such a constancy as to be sufficient in carrying out the biological test.
  • 富山 哲夫, 山川 朝義
    1950 年 15 巻 9 号 p. 491-495
    発行日: 1950/01/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    By using an apparatus of the running water-type reported by one of the authors (TOMIYAMA), determinations have been made of the resistance of young carp to the solution of sodium sulfide and of sodium sulfite at different pH's in concentrations varying between 0.5 and 4mg/l and between 36 and 268mg/l, respectively. The lethal concentration of sodium sulfide has been found to be of variance to a great extent depending on pH's of the solution, namely, the critical lethal concentration being 0.55mg/l at pH 5.2, 0.95mg/l at pH 6.1, 3.3mg/l at pH 7.4, and 8.0mg/l Na2S-S at pH 8.2. (Fig. 2).
    In case of sodium sulfite, any weakness in the experimental fish has not been observed between pH 5-9 in concentration up to 268mg/i. By calculating the amount of S03" and HSO3" in sulfite solution at different pH's, it has been shown that sulfite and bisulfite ion may be considered not to be poisonous below concentration of 268mg/l and 134mg/l, respectively.
    The relationship between dying time and lethal concentration, of sodium sulfide conforms to Freundlich's adsorptions isotherm. Two linear lines having different slopes have been obtained in plotting logarithm of reciprocal of the dying time against logarithm of the corresponding lethal concentration of Na2S solution (Fig. 3). Similar two linear lines have been obtained in plotting logarithm of reciprocal of the dying time against the concentration of hydrogen sulfide contained in the lethal concentrations of Na2S solution at different pH's (Fig. 5). The slopes of the latter two lines, n, have been shown to be 0.70 and 1.6 over the concentration below and above 1mg/l, respectively. The explanation for the fact that two values for n have been obtained, can be made by supposing that the poisonous effect of hydrogen sulfide may be chronic below 1mg/l and acute above 1mg/l. The intercept of the line, k, has been found to be 0.47, irrespective of the range of concentration of hydrogen sulfide.
  • 藤田 正, 本田 信夫, 下中 元信
    1950 年 15 巻 9 号 p. 496-498
    発行日: 1950/01/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    In order to decide the optimal period for setting bamboo twigs in the sea for the culture of the laver, the twigs were set in intervals and the young buds attached on them were counted.
    Many buds were observed on the bamboo twigs set in the period from the end of September to early November, especially on those set on windy days (Fig. 1). From this fact, it is supposed that the spores of the laver appear chiefly in windy weather.
  • 小幡 彌太郎, 座間 宏一
    1950 年 15 巻 9 号 p. 499-504
    発行日: 1950/01/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The color reaction against p-quinone was examined with the dilute aquenous solutions of ammonia, methylamin, trimethylamin and pyperidin, which have hitherto been thought as the components responsible for the fish-odor. Ammonia and trimethylamin assumed a brown color while methylamin and piperidin a red color. By the fact that albumin showed no reaction against p-quinone, the color reaction in question is proved to have nothing to do with protein itself.
    Lastly, by examining the odor producing. conditions of fresh salmon mucus and the reaction against p-quinone of the substance responsible for the odor, it was recognized that the color reaction appeared more rapidly in proportion to the production of fish-odor.
  • 新田 忠雄, 乾 淑子
    1950 年 15 巻 9 号 p. 505-506
    発行日: 1950/01/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The ammo-acids mixture obtained by autolysis of fishes has bad taste. (1) We treated the mixture to eliminate that taste by adsorption, dialysis and distillation. And we found that the bad taste disappears by hydrolysis with dil. acids such as 1% HCl. (2) We found that the bad taste can be concentrated with hot-chloroform.
  • 須山 三千三
    1950 年 15 巻 9 号 p. 507-514
    発行日: 1950/01/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    In recent years, many investigators have made various studies on the chemical and physicochemical properties of myosin extracted from fish muscle. Its behavior is still, however, very inadequately known. The author isolated the myosin from finely chopped fresh muscle of carp-fish by the use of potassium chloride (about 1 N) as an extracting medium, with the addition of potassium hydrophosphate to buffer the solution.
    The myosin, purified by the precipitation by increase or decrease ?? of salt concentration, is a viscous liquid with opaline color.
    1) The isoelectric point of the salt-free precipitated protein, measured by the method of electrophoresis under the microscope, was at pH 5.1 to 5.2 (Table 1); and the point of minimum acid and base-binding, measured by the method of Salter's (21) and Edsall's (6), was at pH 6.1 to 6.2.
    2) The myosin remained insoluble in pure water or potassium chloride solution of very low concentration. At pH 7.2 it first became appreciable soluble in a quater normal salt solution, but almost soluble in a half normal salt solution. One to two normality of salt solution was the most adequate concentration for the solvent (Table 2). There was generally, however, large amounts of insoluble residue of myosin at pH 5.6 to acid side (Table 3).
    3) The minimal percentage of ammonium sulfate required for salting out was 21.4 to 22.6 at pH 7.4 (Table 4).
    4) The viscosity of this protein was of a higher order of magnitude than that of Wyman's muscle globulin or of Weber's myogen (Fig. 1).
    Some physicochemical properties of the myosin isolated from fresh muscle of carp-fish here studied were almost identical with those of mammals, and to this protein gave the author the same name as v. Fürth's myosin,
feedback
Top