日本水産学会誌
Online ISSN : 1349-998X
Print ISSN : 0021-5392
ISSN-L : 0021-5392
2 巻, 1 号
選択された号の論文の6件中1~6を表示しています
  • 富山 哲夫
    1933 年 2 巻 1 号 p. 1-7
    発行日: 1933/05/20
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Exceptlcod liver oil, little attention has been paid to the organ fat of fish. KAWAKAMI has colorimetrically determined vitamin-A content in tunny liver oil. The present paper deals with tunny liver oil, chiefly with its fatty acids and its vitamin-A content.
    The sample oil was prepared by extraction of the liver dehydrated by anhydrous Na2SO4 with petroleum ether (Bp. '50°C.). Owing to the readiness of oxidation in air during the chemical treatment, the samples were treated in CO2 atmosphere in so far as possible, and further the mixed fatty acids were divided into three groups:- namely first the highly unstaturated fatty acid group was separated by sodium salt acetone method, and next the lowly unsaturated group ws separated by lead salt ether method from the saturated one. Then the individual fatty acids were fractionated by distilling their methyl esters in vacuo. For futher details, the reader is referred to the attached table; the results obtained are summarised as follows: -
    1) The fresh liver oil collected in spring was composed mainly of the following fatty acids; Oleic caid (30%), Clupanodonic acid (22%), Arachidonic acid (20%), Palmitic acid (19%), Stealic acid (7%), Myristic acid (5%) and a small quantity of Linolic acid.
    2). By the animal experiment using albino rat, it was determined that about 9mg. of this liver oil were the lowest quantity of doses to be given daily for curing A-avitaminosis. (The vitamin-A free diet used throughout the experiment is made up to 55% of starch, 20% of fat-free fish meal, 20% of olive oil, 5% of MeCollum's salt mixture and 5 c.c. of oryzanin.)
  • 梶山 英二
    1933 年 2 巻 1 号 p. 8-12
    発行日: 1933/05/20
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    A series of experiments were carried out with a view to obtain some knowledge of the influences of temperature, salinity and pH upon the oxygen consumption of young Pagrosomus major (T. & S.), as well as upon the oxygen content in the medium pm. at the time when the fish ceases to breathe.
    In every single experiment one or two fishes were put in a glass vessel containing 3, 000 c.c of sea water, on the top of which a layer of 4cm. of paraffin oil was placed in order to avoid the direct contact of air. Samples of 300 c.c. each of the water were collected at times after suitable intervals, to estimate the oxygen content and pH, for the former of which WINKLER'S method was employed while the latter was determined colorimetrically.
    As the volume V of sea water in the vessel is reduced by v (=300 c.c.) in each sampling, V after the n-th sampling is V0-nv, where V0 is 3, 000 c.c. Denoting by pn, θn and (Hp) n the oxygen content, temperature and pH of the n-th sample respectively, the total amount of oxygen consumption during the time interval, t hours, between the (n-1)-th and n-th samplings is (pn-1-pn) (V0--n-1v)2. We may take (pn-1-pn)(V0--n-lv)/t, θn-1+θn/2, (pH)n-1+(pH)n/2, and pn-1+pn/2 as oxygen consumption per hour, temperature, hydrogen-ion concentration and oxygen content during the interval above said respectively.
    On combining and analysing the results ofcalculations, we first assumed that the difference in pH or in density of the medium reduced to temperature 15°C, ρ, does not more influence the oxygen consumption nor pm than other factors do, provided the value of pH or of (ρ-1)×103 lies in an assigned range, and then, after proceeding the analysis on the influences of the other factors, -under the reasoning about the other cases by analogy-, the observed values of oxygen consumption or pm were reduced to those in a standard condition where the other factors are constant. Finally the assumption was justified, using those reduced values. In such a manner, the following conclusions were drawn.
    (1) The oxygen consumption per hour is proportional to the total weight of fish put in the vessel, providedtemperature and oxygen content, besides pH and (ρ-1)×103 are constant. (Fig. J.)
    (2) The oxygen consumption per hour per unit weight of fish isproportional to the oxygen content, provided temperature, besides pH and ρ, is constant (Fig. 2).
    (3) The relation of the oxygen consumption per hour per unit weight of fish per unit amount of oxygen content, q, to temperature follows AREHENIUS'S law (Fig. 3), and we obtain Q10=2.6.
    (4) The influence on q of difference in salinity is but slight, judging from the values of the former reduced to a certain temperature, say 21°C., except when ρ is as low as 1.005 (Fig. 5).
    (5) The relation between q, reduced to 21°C., and pH (Fig. 4) suggests that there exsists a maximum of the former at pH=ca. 8.0, though the data for pH>8.3 are lacking, agreeing J. R. J. R PEREIRA'S observations with Fundulus helerochtus.
  • 吉田 裕
    1933 年 2 巻 1 号 p. 13-16
    発行日: 1933/05/20
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Several young and a post-larva of Spratelloides delicatalus (Fig. 1, C, B) were found near Amami-Oosima, although the adult form of it (Fig. 1, A) has been known endemic to the South Seas. the post-larva represents the so-called “white-fish” stage, a form characteristic to the clupeoid post-larva with reansparent elongated body. the young obtained measures 36-41mm. in lengthe, covered with scales on trunk, shape and coloration of which are nearly similar to those of the adult, although the proportions of head, eye and fins are larger but that of body-height is amsller than in the adult fish. During the period of growth and metamorphosis from the post-larva to the young stage, dorsal fin shifts forward, and ventral fin backward, whereas the relative position of anus does not change at all. The number of dorsal fin-rays tends to decrease in larger specimens, since one or two hindermost ones become buried in the groove and are thus hardly made out.
  • 田内 森三郎, 安田 秀明
    1933 年 2 巻 1 号 p. 17-19
    発行日: 1933/05/20
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    An aquarium was divided into two compartments with a plane net, and a number of carp were put in one of these and forced to go on straight to the net, and the direction in which they went away after having met with the net was observed for several values of the angle between the net and the course before meeting with it. The direction of going away after meeting was classified as follows: Going forward along the net, f. al; going forward apart from the net, f. ap.; going backward apart from the net, a. ap.; going backward along the net, b. al. The acute angle between the net and the course before meeting with it was denoted by θr (or θl), when fishes went on to the net from the right (or the left) of meeting point (Fig. 1).
    Results of the experiment are shown in Figs. 2 and 3. In Fig. 2, we see that the number of fish in a group (a and b in the figure) and the speed of its movement (c and d in the figure) have little influence upon the frequency distribution of direction in which a fish-group goes away after having met with the net. When the net is set on a contour-line of inclined bottom and a fish-group goes on to the net from the depth, the percentage of direction f. al. decreases and that of direction f. ap. increases (the group strays into a depth) according as the angle of inclination increases (a, b and c in Fig. 3) But when a fish-group goes on to the net set on a contour-line from the shallow, the angle of inclination has little influence upon the percentage of those directions (a, b and e in Fig. 3). When the bottom inclines at 25° and the net is set on a line perpendicular to a contour-line, nearly all the fish-groups coming from the shallow go forward (go away into depth); on the contrary, most of the groups coming from the depth go backward (go away into a depth) (h and i in Fig. 3). But when the inclination of bottom is 5° or 10°, the influence of inclination upon the frequency distribution of direction in which a fish-group goes away after having met with the net is not seen (a, f and g in Fig. 3). The frequency distribu-tion of the direction makes no difference whether fish-groups come to the net from the right or from the left, as seen in Figs. 2. and 3.
  • 大谷 武夫, 島田 清
    1933 年 2 巻 1 号 p. 20-22
    発行日: 1933/05/20
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The part which aluminum plays in organisms has of late drawn much attention through many researches in this cinnexion. It may be mentioned that aluminium was found by MYERS and MULL(1) in the organs of rats with the maximum 0.2mg. in 100gr. of the material, and that the element in relation to growth and reproduction of animals was studied by MYERS and MULL(1), ROSE and CATHERWOOD(2), MASSATSCH and STEUDEL(3). the amount of aluminium in the muscle of some marine animals was determined by the present authors, the method of WINTER, THRUN and BIRD(5) being used. Iron was also determined at the same time since it is an inseparable ingredient of the material. Table 1 summarizes our results.
  • 島田 清
    1933 年 2 巻 1 号 p. 23-28
    発行日: 1933/05/20
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    OYA and KAWAGUCHI(1) have studied production of SH2 from crab muscle at various pH-values by heating. The present paper deals with the relation between pH values of the medium and production of SH2 from muscles of oyster, clam, cuttle fish at 80°, 100° and 120°C. Fresh muscles of oyster, clam, cuttle fish were heated in buffer solutions of different pH values at 80°, 100° and 120°C for one hour and the amounts of SH2 thus produced were measured with p-aminodimethylaniline(2), SH2 production from material having been practically exhausted in one hour. The results obtained are summarized as follows;-
    1. The production of SH2 from the material is almost exhausted in one hour's heating irrespective of temperature, and the amount of SH2 increases with temperature.
    2. The greater pH value of the medium, the more the amount of SH2 produced by heating. At a pH-value of 5.8 SH2 is produced very slightly.
    3. The amount of SH2 produced from cuttle fish muscle is less than that from the others.
    4. The production of SH2 from the intact body of oyster and clam is greater than that from the deviscerated one.
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