巻号一覧
20 巻, 6 号
選択された号の論文の26件中1～26を表示しています
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物井 辰雄, 加藤 利夫, 川本 信之1954 年 20 巻 6 号 p. 439-441
発行日: 1954年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーAn aqua-television was assembled by the Nippon Koei Company Ltd., as a good vidicon type tube, the main part of it was accomplished recently in our country.
On the end of last March, the first experiment of this machine was undertaken at the Hyogo Fisheries Experimental Station.
In the first place, the experiment in the sea water aquarium at the Ecological Laboratory of the Station was done, and succeeded in making clear images of fish motions. It was much interested us to see the images that fish vigorously swim around the machine when baits are thrown into the water.
The second experiment was undertaken on the sea two miles off the coast from the Station to see bottom conditions by setting the machine on the deck of ship named Hakuo Maru.
But unfortunately, the experiment did not succeeded by the causes as follows: the wiring of the machine was out of orders by violent vibrations of the engine of the ship, want of electricity of batteries and by result of sea sickness of all technicians by rolling ship etc.,
From these results it is believed that the next experiment will succeed in near future, for such causes can be improved easily.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (159K) -
山崎 浩1954 年 20 巻 6 号 p. 442-446
発行日: 1954年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThuret, Berthold and many other investigators have reported that protonema-like bodies are formed when carpospore of various species of Porphyra germinate in culture, but they failed to obtain new fronds.
Since Drew reported that carpospores of P. umbilicalis penetrate into the shell and develop to a protonema-like body, on which such sporangia are formed as Batters observed as sporangia for Conchocelis rosea. In our country, the same facts were ascertained by Arasaki and Kurogi on the carpospope of P. tenera.
In the present papers, the early stage of penetration of the carpospore into the shell and ecological studies of monosporangium was reported on P. tenera.
After the spore attaches itself on the surface of shells, its contents penetrate in one to three days leaving the cell membrane on the surface of shell. A small hole which opens into the first chamber could easily be observed. A short tunnel is pushed out from the first chamber and it swells again, which is the second chamber. Two tunnels shoot off from the second chamber, one running in the same direction as the second chamber has been formed. (Fig. A, B, C, D, E) (Plate 1, 2)
As the tunnels grow longer, they send off two opposity branches, but sometimes one or three branches are observed. Thus protonema-like bodies continue growth and can be seen as dark-purple spots by naked eye.
Monosporangia are formed as lateral branch. Although Kurogi claim the monosporangial branches “simple and slightly branched inflations”, it is so only in the beginning, but many branches are formed later. (Plate 4) Some branches erect up toward the surface of shell and finally opens to the surface. (Plate 5) The monospores are liberated from this opening. In the culture, many monosporangia were found in the beginning or middle of August and the liberation of the spores began in the middle of September.
After liberating the monospore Kurogi has reported that the protonema-like bodies die, but by authors experiments they all resist alive, forming monosporangia again in the next spring.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (384K) -
特に糸状体より放出された胞子について山崎 浩1954 年 20 巻 6 号 p. 447-450
発行日: 1954年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe shedding and the fixing of spores liberated from sporangia on the protonema-like body were studied;
1) The shedding begins after sunrise and continues for two hours on fine days, but on cloudy days the shedding is seen at nearly eleven o'clock. In the former case could not be any shedding observed at night (Fig. 4).
2) Spores fix themselves within two minutes on contact with a substratum. (Fig. 2).
The fixing of spores occurs in the greatest number just after shedding and decreases to about half one hour after shedding. (Fig. 3). The fixing ability of spores is unchanged in darkness.
3) The diameter of spores was from 8.7μ to 13.7μ (mean diameter is 10.7μ).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (293K) -
海洋性好氣性繊維素分解細菌の繊維素分解機構について(その2)門田 元1954 年 20 巻 6 号 p. 451-456
発行日: 1954年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe present work is concerned with the mode of the degradation of cellulose by marine aerobic cellulose-decomposing bacteria (Cellvibrio, Vibrio and Cytophaga), with special reference to the oxidative breakdown of cellulose.
1) Uronic groups in the residual cellulose attacked by marine cellulose-decomposing bacteria belonging to genera Cellvibrio, Vibrio and Cytophaga were determined by DICKSON's method in order to provide experimental evidence for the formation of oxycellulose by these bacteria as a direct oxidative product of cellulose.
The results obtained were given in Table 1.
Table 1 showed that oxycellulose, which would be the expected oxidized product of cellulose, is not formed by the all organisms employed.
As it appears, therefore. that a bacterium which had previously been classified into the genus Cellvibrio (Cellvibrio flavescens var. marinus)1) must be classified as the genus Vibrio, the new name Vibrio marinoflavescens nov. sp. is herein proposed.
2) The mode of cellulose degradation by marine cellulose-decomposing myxobacteria (Cytophaga haloflava, Cytophaga haloflava var. nonreductans and Cytophaga rosea) was compared with that of marine aerobic cellulose-decomposing true bacteria (Vibrio marinoflavescens, Vibrio purpureus and Vibrio purpureus var. albus) from the standpoint of the changes in copper number of residual celluose and the formation of sugars from cellulose during the attack by the organisms.
The results obtained were as given in Fig. 1.
Fig. 1 showed that, with respect to the mode of attack of cellulose, marine Cytophagas closely resembles Vibrio marinoflavescens and entirely differs from Vibrio purpureus and Vibrio purpureus var. albus.
It is, accordingly, thought that the mode of cellulose-degradation by marine Cytophagas is “liquefying” type.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (435K) -
漁撈後格納貯藏中の漁網綿糸の腐蝕に関與する繊維素分解細菌について(その3)門田 元1954 年 20 巻 6 号 p. 457-459
発行日: 1954年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーChanges in flora of marine aerobic cellulose-decomposing bacteria occurring in fishing nets during storage after fishing were observed by the following procedure.
The samples of fishing nets employed were stored at room temperature (9-15°C) or 30°C for desired periods, under wet condition, after fishing.
The relative number of living cells of two main groups of marine aerobic cellulose-decompos-ing bacteria (Cytophaga and true bacteria) occurring in each sample was counted by means of the plating procedure.
The results obtained are given in Table 1.
Table 1 shows that in fishing nets, under wet condition, the proportion of Cytophagas to the total marine aerobic cellulose-decomposing bacteria increases during storage.
At 30°C the relative number of Cytophagas increases more rapidly than at 9-15°C.
This result suggests that the marine cellulose-decomposing Cytophagas are more resistant or more adaptable than marine aerobic cellulose-decomposing true bacteria to such storage conditions.
It is thought, therefore, that the marine cellulose-decomposing Cytophagas may play the most important role in the deterioration of fishing nets during storage after fishing.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (212K) -
北部太平洋で漁獲される南下期ビンナガの体長組成須田 明1954 年 20 巻 6 号 p. 460-468
発行日: 1954年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe distribution of the Albacore in the North Western Pacific extends from the Equator area to near the Polar Front area. However the fish distributes in such vast area, the fishing grounds are limitted almost in the seas between the Subtropical Convergence and the Polar Front, namely in the waters of the North Pacific Current and the north part of the Kuroshio Current.
This fish is caught mainly by the rod and line with live baits in the season between the Spring and Summer, but it is caught mainly by the long-line in the season between the late Autumn and the early Spring. The fishing grounds in the former season moves from south to north, and on the contraly, the grounds moves southward from nearly 40°N to as far as 27°-28° N in the latter, and then seem to turn back.
The present author attempted the analysis of the size composition of the fishes which are caught in the latter season, and obtained the result as following.
1) Six different size groups appear in every year. When these six groups are hypothesized to corrospond to each other in every year, the modal lengthes of the five seasons between 1948 and 1952 are placed with nearly the same intervals as ca. 57cm, 67cm, 78cm, 89cm, 100cm, 110cm.
2) Two groups with the modal lengthes 78cm and 98cm, are far more abundant than the others. So far the data obtained, it is clearly recognized that these two dominant groups appear alternately in every other, namely group with the modal length of 78cm are most abundant in the even number years and the other in the uneven number years.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (567K) -
Koichi MATSUMOTO1954 年 20 巻 6 号 p. 469-478
発行日: 1954年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (549K) -
田内 森三郎, 松本 巌1954 年 20 巻 6 号 p. 479-482
発行日: 1954年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe yield of octopus in Hyogo Prefecture decreased gradually till about 1929, so some spawners was protected in the districts of Akashi, Tsuna and others since 1929, as shown in Table 1. The protection was performed as follows: (1) she-octopus was protected in a crawl and feeded during the spawing season. (2) she-octopus was given a pot for spawning-bed.
We studied if the increase of yield since 1930 was based on the protection, and we got the following result: one spawner was protected in case forty pots were prepared, and the yield of about 200 kan was resulted by the protection of one spawner.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (162K) -
加藤 孝1954 年 20 巻 6 号 p. 483-486
発行日: 1954年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn the Nori (laver) field of Tokushima city, a laver of extremely narrow shape is found mixed with the common laver, Porphyra tenera. Early development of the laver discussed here was investigated during 1951-52. The results are as follows.
1) The laver appears in the same season and also in the same level as Porphyra tenera.
2) The sporelings of the laver develop into long filaments of a single row of cells. Longitudinal cell-division occurs when the sporelings have developed to about 500-celled stage, while in other Porphyra species it occurs when the sporelings are in younger stages than 50-celled one.
3) The relation between the thickness (W in μ) and the number of cells (n) in the sporelings is shown as follow:
W=10.4+0.05n (where range of “n”: 200-500)
4) The sporelings of the present laver somewhat resemble those of Bangia. However, they are distinctly different from each other in the relation between the number of cells and the length of filaments as well as in several other respects. For example, the sporelings of the laver are shorter than those of Bangia at the same stage of development.
5) Although the present laver are usually found growing densely, it hardly worth cultivating as it takes quite a long time to become large enough to be harvested and its thallus is too narrow even at maturity.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (755K) -
竹内 卓三, 松原 孝之, 下中 元信, 須藤 俊造1954 年 20 巻 6 号 p. 487-489
発行日: 1954年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn order to get some knowledge on the shedding of spores from “Conchocelis-phase” of Porphyra tenera, oyster shells in which the Conchocelis had been cultured were set in the sea in autumn.
Everyday a part of them was taken up, kept in glass tubes till the next day in the laboratory and number of spores shed were counted under microscope.
Shedding occurs everyday from the late September to the early December.
The number of spores-shed in a day is considerablly large (200-1, 000 per 1cm2 of shell) during two to three days at every spring tide, while in other days it remains very small (less than 10 per 1cm2 of shell).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (183K) -
須藤 俊造, 丸山 武男, 梅林 脩1954 年 20 巻 6 号 p. 490-493
発行日: 1954年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーShedding of spores from “Conchocelis-phase” of Porphyra tenera cultured in oyster shells was studied in laboratory.
1) Shedding occurs periodically everyday in the morning, chiefly between 7-10 am. At night any shedding could not be observed. In the dark shedding occurs too, thought it is somewhat retarded in time and is reduced in amount.
2) Shedding can be seen abundantly at the temperature of 12-22°C. At 9 and 24°C., it becomes small in amount. At 27°C., any shedding could not be observed.
3) Shedding occurs abundantly in the sea water keeping the density at 1, 023. It decreases in amount in the water of lower density.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (264K) -
須藤 俊造1954 年 20 巻 6 号 p. 494-496
発行日: 1954年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリー“Autumn spores” of Porphyra tenera fix themselves to collectors early in autumn and give rise to winter plants. In previous papers, it was shown that the autumn spores in Tokyo and Ise Bay measure about 11μ in diameter and are not to be considered as monospores (14-15μ in diameter) from “summer plantlets”.
In this paper the auther reported some results of the measurement of the spores from Concho-celis-phase of Porphyra tenera cultured in oyster shells and his view upon the life-history of Porphyra. The spores measure about 11μ in diameter; they develop to Porphyra thalli. Autumn spores in Tokyo and Ise Bay at least a greater part of them, are concluded with reasons to be the spores from Conchocelis-phase. In the previous papers, which appeared at the time when the spores Conchocelis phase had not been discoverd, author suggested that carpospores formed in previous winter might pass the summer in a resting state and directly become autumn spores in autumn. This suggestion should be now withdrawn.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (194K) -
魚油の變敗度と酸化酸含有量の関係に就いて松橋 鐡治郎1954 年 20 巻 6 号 p. 497-500
発行日: 1954年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーAs reported previously1); peroxide number may well be used to express the degree of oxidation of fish oil in so far as that degree remains still not too large. However, it was not the case when the oxidation had extremly advanced. Therefore, the author tried now to find out some appropriate property changing in parallel to the degree of oxidation or discoloration of oil in fish products. Following the advice of Prof. Nonaka, Tokyo University of Fisheries, the author confirmed the significane of oxidized acid produced during the oxidation of fish oil.
In each case, when B. H. A. was not used, not only the fish oil (the sardine oil once used in the prcvious experiment) itself, but the dried fish (Saurel and Anchovy) was greatly discolored. Farther more, the extent of oxidized acid (petroleum ether insoluble) remained especially small in the case of the oil or the dried products processed with B. H. A. (see Table 1 to 4).
It has been concluded, after all, that there is a close relation between the oxidized acid content and the appearance and quality of the oil or the dried fish.
1) S. OTANI, K. TAKAYANAGI and T. MATSUHASHI: Bull. Jap. Soc. Sci. Fish., 19, (9) 947-951 (1954).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (264K) -
処理による一般成分の変化中村 武彦1954 年 20 巻 6 号 p. 501-505
発行日: 1954年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーEucheuma spinosum is abundantly found on the southern sea-shore of Miyazaki Prefecture. A mucilage obtained from it resembles one from another seaweed, Gloiopeltis. But a few days' exporsure to direct sunlight coupled with continuous moistening of the seaweed results in bleaching of the plant and a change of consistency of the extract. It is now more similar to that of a land plant, devil's tongue, rather than to agar-agar. In an attempt to elucidate the nature of change in properties of the mucilage with special reference to the relation between its chemical constitution and colloidal properties, the material was subjected to various treatments with the following results (cf. Tables 1 and 3): --
(1) In view of chemical properties, especially in ash, total SO3 and in ash SO3 contents, Eucheuma spinosum is similar to Gloiopeltis.
(2) An alkali treatment caused remarkable changes especially in the contents of pentose, pcntosan, reducing sugar, total SO3 and SO3 in ash. It may be mentioned that these substances were acclaimed by YANAKAWA(3) to be closely related to coagulability of mucilage.
(3) The measurement of refractive index and qualitative analyses point to the conclusion that the substance in question is in substantial similarity with the mucilage of Gloiopeliis (cf. Table 4).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (356K) -
魚肝カタラーゼの耐熱性について福田 博業1954 年 20 巻 6 号 p. 506-511
発行日: 1954年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリー1) Thermostability of catalase of liver extracts of poecilothermic animals namely five kinds of fresh-water fishes (cold water fishes: rain-bow trout and Oncorhynchus formosunus; semicold water fish: Plecoglossus altivelis; warm-water fishes: carp and crucian) was constrasted with that of homoesthermic animal, domestic fowl.
2) Stability of catalase of liver extracts in relation to temperature was found to vary considerably with species of the animals studied, and to stand in close relation with temperatures suited for leading their life.
3) Liver catalase of the cold-water fishes was stable at 20°C but inactivated slowly at 30°C and rapidly at 40°C.
4) The same of the semi-cold water fish, Plecoglossus altivelis, was stable at 30°C but inactivated slowly at 40°C and rapidly at 45°C.
5) On the other hand, a slight augmentation of activity of the warm water fishes was observed at 25°C and a much remarkable one at 30°-40°C, but followed by inactivation after 30-60 minutes' exposure. A rapid inactivation of it was evident from the start when experimented at 45°C.
6) Liver-extract of the domestic fowl was found continuously increasing it activity at 30°-40°C. Rapid activation of it took place at 45°-55°C but gradual inactivation appeared at heels after 60 minutes' lapse of time. Neither augmentation nor decrease in activity of the enzyme in question was observed at 60°C.
7) Liver catalase is extremely stable at temperatures wich are either optima for living or ordinary body temperatures of animals. But heating beyond the ranges tends to cause slow or rapid inactivation. Sometimes such treatment leads to appearent activation of the enzyme at first but it is bound to end in opposite direction.
8) Energies of inactivation are shown in Table 2.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (374K) -
魚肝カタラーゼの至適温度について福田 博業1954 年 20 巻 6 号 p. 512-519
発行日: 1954年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーOptimum temperature of liver catalase of fresh-water fishes (trout, carp, etc.) as well as frog and domestic fowl was studied with the results as given in table 1. Computation of other constants was done as tabulated in table 2 and 3. “Initial opt. temp.” is here understood to denote optimum temperature at the starting stage of enzyme reactions. The corresponding ones at particular times are defined by suffixing such a phrase as “at t min.→ 0”.
Initial opt. temp. of liver catalase of the experimental animals are shown in table 4, together with relation between the opt. temp. of the enzyme and that for living of the possessors.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (459K) -
Kei-ichiroh SUGIMURA, Hirokadzu TAIRA, Naoji HOSHINO, Harue EBISAWA, T ...1954 年 20 巻 6 号 p. 520-524
発行日: 1954年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe following 16 amino acids, arginine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenyl-alanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophane, tyrosine and valine, of the muscle protein of the following kinds of fish were determined by means of microbiological assay technique. Bonito, horse mackerel, turbot and two species of squid were studicd and the results discussed in the light of existing literature.
Since the microbiological assay technique has made possible the systematic determination of the amino acids on a routine basis, many authors have reported on the amino acid content of food proteins. Fish muscle is of great importance in the Japanese diet as a source of protein and information regarding its composition is necessary. Therefore this study was made of the amino acid content of fish muscle protein to provide the fundamental knowledge necessary not only for estimating its alimentary validity but to assist in the technology of processing the food product.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (284K) -
魚皮コラーゲンのハイドロオキシプロリン含有量高橋 豊雄, 横山 和吉1954 年 20 巻 6 号 p. 525-529
発行日: 1954年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーAiming to obtain an interpretation of the cause for variance in behaviours between fish skin and terrestial animal hide, the relation between hydroxyproline content in the collagen and shrinkage temperatur (Ts) of different animal skins was determined.
As a result, it has proved that there was a direct proportion between hydroxyproline content in the collagen and Ts of different animal skins (sample correlation coefficient=0.93). For this reason, hydroxyproline seems to play an important part in the difference in behaviours between fish skin and terrestial animal hide抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (341K) -
有機変性劑と無機塩の共存の影響右田 正男, 岡田 稔1954 年 20 巻 6 号 p. 530-538
発行日: 1954年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn order to obtain further knowledge on the function of the inorganic salts in the setting, the influence of u ?? ea and guanidine hydrochloride (abbrev. Gu-HC1) present with inorganic salts have been studied, using horse mackel meat* as a sample.
Even when u ?? ea or Gu-HC1 is present in so low concentration with inorganic salts as it cannot for itself make the meat set, setting of the meat due to inorganic salts is in general decidedly enhanced (Figs. 1 and 2). Thus under coexistence of a small amount of the organic denaturants, anions may be sorted as
1. those (0.1M C1- and NO3-, 0.3-0.5M SO4--) which cannot for themselves make the meat set, but are helped to form jellies;
2. those (0.3M C1- and 0.1M SO4--) which for themselves are effective in setting, but are promoted to form jellies of higher elasticity and strength;
3. those (0.1M SCN-, 0.3-0.5M NO3-, and 0.5M C1-) which for themselves are highly capable for making the meat set, but are enhanced to produce friable jellies;
4. those (0.3-0.5M SCN-) which for themselves cause the meat set into friable jellies and are unlikely affected by organic denaturants.
As it has been observed, there are two ways in the course of friable jelly formation, different according to the reagents added; a friable jelly is produced ‘A’ as such at the beginning, or ‘B’ through a jelly of high elasticity and strength. When a friable jelly is formed under coexistence of inorganic salt with Gu-HC1 or concentrated urea, the course is of type ‘A’ (Fig. 4), while under the influence of salts and urea of low concentration present together, it follows course ‘B’ (Fig. 3). It is notable that Gu-HC1 or urea alone forms jelly of type ‘B’ even when present in high concentration3).
Interpreting these results in the light of assumption that hydration of proteins and formation of some gel structure are the essential factors of setting phenomenon, the authors have been led to the concept: (1) moderate denaturation of proteins would be necessary for the formation of jelly of high elasticity and strength, while excessive denaturation would result in the formation of a friable jelly; (2) inorganic anions could take part in producing a gel-structure by their action to denature proteins as well as in increasing the hydration of proteins.
* Sample meat was mixed with half its own weight of water.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (622K) -
衣巻 豊輔, 田部井 菊子1954 年 20 巻 6 号 p. 539-550
発行日: 1954年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーFor the purpose of finding effective antioxidants on the vitamin A concentrate or its ester, studies have been made on stabilization of the vitamin A concentrate with commercial antioxidants such as nordihydroguaiaretic acid (N. D. G. A.), butylated hydroxyanisole (B. H. A.), B. H. A. compound (mixture of 67% B. H. A., 20% propyl gallate and 13% citric acid), ethyl protocatechuate (E. P. ), E. P. compound (mixture of 66.79% E. P., 20% propyl gallate and 13.3% citric acid), propyl gallate (P. G.) and, isoamyl gallate (I. G.).
1. Experiments for moleculecular distillate of acetylated vitamin A concentrate.
In a series of tests the above antioxidants (0.5%) with or without synergists (0.5%) are added to the sample prepared from whale liver oil. Numbers of a small beaker, each containing one gram of different mixture or the control are placed in an incubator kept at 30°C. Vitamin A potency is measured by a BECKMAN spectrophotometer at intervals of time. Degrees of colour, odour and / or taste are represented through the senses.
Results obtained are as follows.
a) B. H. A. is the most effective, and B. H. A. compound and N. D. G. A. come next. P. G., E. P., E. P. compound and I. G. show very weak stabilizing effect (table 1, figures 1 and 2).
b) In all cases but E. P. and E. P. compound, addition of synergist increases the stabilizing effect of antioxidant. Synergic action of thiourea is very strong and better than that of citric acid.
c) Stabilizing action of N. D. G. A. and B. H. A. is different. The loss of vitamin A after the end of induction period is greater in case of the former than the latter.
d) Change in colour, odour and taste of the sample vitamin A concentrate is shown in figures 3 and 5. In case of N. D. G. A. destruction of vitamin A agrees with the disapearance of colour, development of rancid odour and bitter taste.
e) Stability of vitamin A is increased in proportion to the concentration of B. H. A. compound (table 2 and 4).
But synergic action of thiourea is not proportional to its concentration (table 3 and figure 6).
2. Experiments for the vitamin A alcohol and its ester (acetate) concentrated fiom fish liver oil.
Using the same method as 1, the following results are obtained.
a) Non-diluted vitamin A alcohol is not comparable with its ester in stabilizing effect. Because the increase of viscosity of the sample accompanied by the oxidation of vitamin A prevents further oxidation to obscure stabilizing effect of antioxidant (table 4).
b) In case of diluted ones, however, they do not show this phenomenon. If diluted with vegetable oil, vitamin A alcohol is more stable than its ester. Consequently, weak antioxidants like E. P. compound stabilize vitamin A ester fairly well but have almost no effect on the alcohol. Both B. H. A. compound and N. D. G. A. are effective on vitamin A alcohol and its ester, but effectiveness of N. D. G. A. on the ester is inferior to that of B. H. A. compound (figure 7).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (942K) -
鹸化法によるビタミンAの濃縮(その2)新間 彌一郎, 衣巻 豊輔1954 年 20 巻 6 号 p. 551-556
発行日: 1954年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn the previous report, we concluded that TAKAHASHI'S method is not suitable to obtain vitamin A concentrate comparable with synthetic vitamin A. So, we studied two other methods which are more effective to concentrate vitamin A by precipitating soap.
i) Sodium salt-methanol method.
Oil is saponified with methanolic NaOH and then CO2 gas is blown into the soap solution. By this treatment, part of soap is precipitated. And the precipitated soap is filtered and washed with cold methanol. Let us call these procedures sodium salt-methanol method.
It should be noted that if CO2 gas is not blown into soap solution, soap would be separated out in gel like form after cooling so as to make difficult filtration.
The fatty acids recovered from the precipitated soap (fatty acids-I in table 1) mainly consist of saturated and lowly unsaturated ones. Consequently vitamin A concentrate by this method contains the soap of fatty acids of higher unsaturation (fatty acids-II and-III in table 1).
A part of unsaponifiable matter is removed by this method. table 2).
ii) Calacium salt-acetone method
If the extract by sodium salt-methanol method is dissolved in acetone, soap of fatty acids-II as in table 1 except highly unsaturated ones (fatty acids-III in table 1) will be prccipitated and removed. After this treatment, methanol containing Ca salt is added into the solution. Filter Extract vitamin A from the remaining with petroleum ether to be washed with water. Thus the extract containing a very few amount of fatty acids is obtained. These procedures may be called calcium salt-acetone method.
Vitamin A potency of the extract thus obtained is higher than that of TAKAHASHI'S method, because the amountof fatty acids contaminated in the former method is by far lower than in the latter (table 4).
But this method is not suitable for economical manufacture of vitamin A, for recovery rate of vitamin A is lower than that of usual ether extraction because of losing non-washable vitamin A in the Ca soap.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (380K) -
尿素によるビタミンAの濃縮東 秀雄, 山川 健重, 衣巻 豊輔1954 年 20 巻 6 号 p. 557-562
発行日: 1954年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe authors have found that part of impurities contained in vitamin A concentrate forms methanol insoluble urea complexes. So, from the vitamin A concentrate prepared in such a way as in the previous studies, still more concentrated one may be obtained by removing the urea complexes.
The following method was taken in the experiments.
Different amounts of urea were added to vitamin A concentrate diluted with various yolumes of methanol, and the mixture was boiled until the urea was completely dissolved. After cooling at room temperature, separated urea complexes were filtered and the filtrate was extracted with ether (or benzene). Vitamin A was concentrated in the ether extracts. Vitamin A contained in the crude urea complexes was recovered by washing with a solvent.
Results of the experiments were as follows:
1) The rate of concentration of vitamin A was 1.2-3.6, varying according to the kind of original fish liver oil (Tables 3, 4, 5 and 6). If separation of urea complexes was performed after cooling in the refrigerator at ca. -15°C., vitamin A would be obtained in a little higher concentration (Tables 1 and 2).
2) The most suitable solvent to wash the crude urea complexes was methanol saturated with urea (Table 6).
3) The substances forming urea complexes would be probably the mixtures of saturated and unsaturated fatty alcohols having approximately the same molecular weight as vitamin A (Table 7).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (360K) -
γ-線による食品の防腐岡田 郁之助, 小坂部 勇, 菊池 武昭, 福島 清, 山下 久雄, 佐々木 正五, 橋本 一男, 赤塚 盛, 渡辺 渉1954 年 20 巻 6 号 p. 563
発行日: 1954年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (78K) -
ϒ-線による食品の防腐岡田 郁之助, 小坂 部勇, 菊池 武昭, 福島 清, 山下 久雄, 佐々木 正五, 橋本 一男, 赤塚 盛, 渡辺 渉1954 年 20 巻 6 号 p. 563a-564
発行日: 1954年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (163K) -
γ-線によるVitamin Cの変化岡田 郁之助, 小坂 部勇, 菊池 武昭, 福島 清, 山下 久雄, 佐々木 正五, 赤塚 盛, 渡辺 渉1954 年 20 巻 6 号 p. 564-564_1
発行日: 1954年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (169K) -
金魚卵の発生に及ぼす影響岡田 郁之助, 小坂部 勇, 菊池 武昭, 今野 健二郎1954 年 20 巻 6 号 p. 565
発行日: 1954年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (50K)
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