巻号一覧
21 巻, 12 号
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山中 一1956 年 21 巻 12 号 p. 1187-1193
発行日: 1956/04/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーExcept for assumptions advanced by SVERDRUP et al (1952) and NAKAMURA (1954-55), no attempt has ever been made at throwing light upon oceancgraphical conditions in the general vi-cinity of Lat. 10°S in the Western South Pacific. In the present study the author discussed vertical structure of the waters in this region using results from the observations carried out by the Kuroshio-Maru No. 3 in June 1953 (YAMANAKA, unpublished) and the Daifuji-Maru in January 1955 (SUZUKI et al). In addition, previous data obtained by the Carnegie in Novem-ber 1928 (SVERDRUP et al, 1945) and the Hugh M. Smith from January to February 1951 (CROMWELL et al, 1954) have been made use of (Fig. 1). On the basis of those data fishing conditions for albacore (KAMIMURA and HOMMA, unpublished) have been examined to see what relationships they have with the oceanic structure in the region during the fishing seasons from January to February and June to July.
However, scarcity of comparable data has made the author introduce in his study a hypothe-sis that hydrographical fluctuations between years and from one area to another may be negligi-bly small as far as the general locality under study is concerned. Findings from the study arc:
1) Data obtained by the Daifuji-Maru, the Carnegie and the H. M. Smith point to a discontinuity layer with considerable convergence which is found extending from east to west in the neighbourhood of Lat. 10°S during the months from November to following February (Figs. 2-5). In those winter months major fishing grounds for albacore are present in the waters south of Lat. 10°S, but practically no successful fishing in the north of the sea (Fig. 6-a).
2) However, the records available from the Kuroshio-Maru No. 3 for June and July do not indicate such a discontinuity layer as seen the winter months. Nevertheless, it is interesting to notice that in June and July fishing grounds with fairly high hooked rates extend over the sea north of the main fishing grounds still remaining south of Lat. 10°S (Fig. 6-b).
These evidences seem to be suggestive that the area of discontinuity layer is playing an important part as a northern limit in the distribution of albacore living in the Western South Pa-cific.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (464K) -
海流別にみた体長組成須田 明1956 年 21 巻 12 号 p. 1194-1198
発行日: 1956/04/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe size compositions of albacore distributing in various current areas of the Pacific have been examined. The following have been found with the fish caught in the Western North Pa-cific areas.
1) The albacore occurring in the North Pacific Current area seems to be remarkably different from those in the North Equatorial Current and in the Equatorial Counter Current areas in the size compositions. A greater majority of the fish distributing in the North Pacific Current area consisted of the ones less than 100cm in the body length. They are supposed to belong to a group of immature fish. However, most of those caught in the areas of the North Equa-trial Current and the Equatorial Counter Current measured more than 90cm in length and likely belonged to a mature group (Figs. 1 and 2).
2) There is discrepancy of about 10cm between the modal length of albacore caught in the North Equatorial Current and that of the fish in the Equatorial Counter Current. This phenomenon may have a close relation with the sex ratio of the fish (Fig. 2 and Table 2).
3) Variance in the size compositions between albacores in the North Pacific Current area and in the other current areas is more conspicuous than the regional difference and seasonal one within the North Pacific Current area (Table 3).
The above evidences are indicative of a fact that each of various ocean currents would present an environment considerably different from the other for tunas as has been pointed out by NAKAMURA (1954).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (331K) -
竹内 卓三, 松原 孝之, 広川 泰子, 築山 明1956 年 21 巻 12 号 p. 1199-1203
発行日: 1956/04/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe authors have bacteriologically studied on the causes of high mortality of oyster, isolating some bacteria from it in Hiroshima Bay.
The results were as follows.
1. Bacterial population cultured from normal oyster from April to June 1954, was higher at room temperature than at 37°C., and higher on blood agar than on agar-agar.
2. Bacterial population cultured from abnormally dead oyster was almost same degree with that previously reported.
3. The three strains isolated from dead oyster belonged to genus Achromobacter, were pathogenic against normal oyster and induced same pathological and bacteriological changes as shown in abnormally dead oyster.
4. The virulence of these strains became lower with subcultures on artificial medium.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (473K) -
致死塩濃度と生存時間の関係岡田 彌一郎, 窪田 三朗1956 年 21 巻 12 号 p. 1204-1209
発行日: 1956/04/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリー1. Excepting the cold season, the adaptability for salt solution of a brakish goby Tridentiger obscurus cannot be correctly experimented because of such conditions as higher temperature of the water, maturity of gonad, acceleration of metabolisms, and others. Following results were obtained February to March, 1955 (water temperature, 10°C about).
2. In hypertonic sea water at 1.30-to 1.95-fold of normal its obtained by adding the 4.0-fold Lyman-Fleming artificial sea water, the relation between chlormity and survival time in direct transfering to hypertonic sea water from fresh water, in where fish were landlocked, is shown by the formula “W=aT ?? ” where W is chlorinity in g/L; T time in minute; a. b constant. In hypertonic sea water (at 1. 15-to 4.0-fold), their mortality is 100 per cent at end of experiments after 2.5 days.
3. In the cases of direct transfer to normal sea water or hypotonic sea water from fresh water, and to fresh water or hypotonic sea water from normal its, their mortality is 0 per cent. From these results, the chlorine concentration for survival limit seems to be the chlorinity of normal sea water or a certain one between normal sea water and 1.15-fold of its.
4. This goby could be adapted in the sea water concentrated slowly up to 1.2-fold after three months and to 1.55-fold after four months.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (399K) -
岩井 英次1956 年 21 巻 12 号 p. 1210-1214_2
発行日: 1956/04/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーA rare squid belonging to genus Galiteuthis was described. This specimen was found in. the first stomach of a sperm whale caught on June 30th, 1952 at 40°10'N, 147°10'E in the North Pacific. Comparing it with known species of the same genus, many differences were noted. Its main characters are as follows:
(1) Mantle not protruded posteriorly beyond the fins as described by BERRY (Plate 1 Figs. 1 and 2). (2) Fins and arms are markedly larger and firmer than those of all other species (Table 3). (3) Hand portion of tentacular club consists of 13 delicate hooks as shown in Fig. 3, which structure agrees with BERRY's description and differs much from that of JOUBINS. (4) Arrangement of suckers and pads on fixing apparatus resembles somewhat that of G. phyllura and not G. armata. (5) As regards the general structures of the membranous mantle, peculiar fins, enormously large non-stalked eyes, well-developed trabeculae and smooth horny ring of each sucker on the arms, similar to other described species.
Judging from above mentioned characters, the genus Galiteuthis may be divided into two forms-Pacific and Atlantic-as stated by PFEFFER for the Architeuthidae. In any case, this species not having been reported from the North Pacific except for SASAKI's description on the species from off Kamchatka, this specimen constituents a very remarkable addition, to the fauna of the waters adjacent to Japan.
Furthermore, the fact that this apparently deep-see squid was taken in the stomach of sperm whale, may give a suggestion as to the vertical distribution of the whale.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1432K) -
齋藤 雄之助1956 年 21 巻 12 号 p. 1215-1218
発行日: 1956/04/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIt is reported from the results of indoor experiments that the liberation of spores from the Conchocelis of Porphyra tenera is greatly affected by water temperature and illumination, and it seems to occur mainly in the early morning.
With a view to clarify whether such a phenomenon occurs in the sea, investigation was made through the following experiments and observations:
(1) The Conchocelis were submerged in the sea on September 20 after indoor culturing through the warmer season Before daybreak each day (Sept. 26, Oct. 6, 9 and 16) material was suspended in the sea in glass tubes with glass slides on the bottom.
After periods varying from one to two hours, the Conchocelis was moved into another tube of the same device. The process was r ?? peated several times until sun set.
The tubes from which the Conchocelis had been removed, were set still in laboratory two hours, so as to let the spores liberated sink down to the slides on the bottom. Then the spores were counted.
(2) In the meantime, hydrogiaphical and atmospheric conditions were observed.
Results obtained from the experiments and observations above mentioned suggest that the liberation of spores is apt to be accelerated by the rising of water temperature and increase of illumination. These conditions in the sea, however, do not always occur immediately after sun-rise, and the time of liberation of spores is variablly affected by certain hydrographical (tidal phase, turbidity of seawater etc.) and weather conditions.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (309K) -
Koichi MATSUMOTO1956 年 21 巻 12 号 p. 1219-1225
発行日: 1956/04/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (503K) -
On Effectiveness of Fish-Autolysate to the Culture of BacteriaTetsuo TOMIYAMA, Azuma KAWAZOE1956 年 21 巻 12 号 p. 1226-1232
発行日: 1956/04/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリー1) A preparation which is effective in culturing bacteria instead of LIEBIG extract and peptone has been obtained by autolyzing whole fish body.
2) Experiments have shown that it is superior to the usual media when judged from the magnitude of colonies on the plate media and the turbidity of the liquid media
3) The liquid media gave a distinct indol reaction on culturing either E. coli, Staphyl. aureus or Bac. proteus. The liquid media gave the easily perceptible cholera rose reaction after a 6-hour incubation at 37°C. after innoculating Vibrio cholerae in a quantity as minute as 1/100, 000 a loopful bacteria.
4) Corynebacterium diphtheriae was able to grow on a simple two per cent solution of the present preparation with a growth rate two to three times greater than on MARTIN or LOFFLER'S media. The volutin of the bacteria grown on the preparation could be identified without fail on staining. The minimum skin reaction doss of the toxin formed was 0.000001cc.
5) It has been shown that the activity of promoting the growth of bacteria which was displayed by the preparation was in variance with the progress of the autolysis.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (402K) -
森 高次郎, 橋本 芳郎, 小俣 靖1956 年 21 巻 12 号 p. 1233-1235
発行日: 1956/04/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe amounts of thiamine, riboflavin, niacin and vitamin B12, were determined microbiologically in the muscles of several species of fish.
The assay methods and results obtained were showr in Tables 1 and 2.
Figures of Table 2 indicate that the red muscle of fish is very rich in thiamine, riboflavin and vitamin B12, but contains rather less niacin than the ordinary muscle. The most marked difference between the red and ordinary muscles was observed in Katsuwonus vagans, in which the amounts of thiamine, riboflavin and vitamin B12 in the former were approximately nine, twenty and six times of those in the latter, respectively. The feature of the accumulation of these B-vitamins in the red muscle is very similar to the case observed in the liver and this fact may support the assumption formerly proposed by several workers including the authors that the muscle takes a part of physiological functions performed by the liver.
Finally, from the nutritional point of view, the muscle of fish may be considerd to be the fairly excellent source of B-vitamins, such as riboflavin, niacin and vitamin B12.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (245K) -
サバ塩水漬及びマグロ水煮罐詰小俣 靖, 橋本 芳郎, 森高 次郎1956 年 21 巻 12 号 p. 1236-1240
発行日: 1956/04/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe experiments described in this paper were designed to study the effect of canning procedure and time of storage on B-vitamins in mackerel and tuna, which were packed in 1/2Ib. cans and heat-processed according to an usual commercial method.
The results obtained are as follows:
1) After canning, mackerel retained 48, 93, 95 and 102% of thiamine, riboflavin, niacin and vitamin B12 present in raw meat respectively and analogous figures of tuna were 30, 84, 87 and 96%. In both cases, it seems that there was no significant loss of B-vitamins in canning except thiamine.
2) During 6 months storage at room temperature (about 5-25°C.) canned mackerel and tuna retained almost unchanged values of riboflavin, niacin and vitamin B12 present in the products immediately after canning, but a considerable amount of thiamine was lost perhaps owing to oxidation.
3) As shown in Tables 3 and 4, it may be generally considered that the juice separated from canned foods contains 10 to 20% of vitamins in a can.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (364K) -
足の表現方法について三宅 正人, 堀口 吉重, 林孝 市郎1956 年 21 巻 12 号 p. 1241-1243
発行日: 1956/04/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーSince the elastic properties of fish jelly had not been appreciated enough by the preceding simple measurement, the measurements of modulus of respitution and of shortness and crispness were done in addition to the former method.
The experiments by this combined method, comparing with those by sensory method, were made on various fish jellies, and it was found that this method was suitable for the estimation of elastic properties.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (199K) -
野中 順三九1956 年 21 巻 12 号 p. 1244-1247
発行日: 1956/04/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn the preceding paper the author has proposed an assumption that the colored substance in oxidized acids* which he considers as an essential coloring factor of discolored oil, may have been derived from acidic carbonyl compounds produced during autoxidation.
In this paper the mode of discoloration as well as the solubility shown by 19 kinds of pure carbonyl compound on being treated by the familiar reagents used in the separation of oxidized acid, i.e., alcoholic potash followed by mineral acid, was investigated comparing with the properties of oxidized acid.
The authors' assumption seems to be favored by the result now obtained: On treatment, all the carbonyl compounds here studied gave coloring substance very similar to that found in so called oxidized acid in so far as they belong to half aldehyde longer than glutaric half aldehyde.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (289K) -
野中 順三九1956 年 21 巻 12 号 p. 1248-1249
発行日: 1956/04/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーAs one of the preliminaries for answering the question around the presence of half aldehyde in autoxidized oil, the author has studies the application of paper-partition chromatography to 2.4-dinitrophenylhydrazones of acidic carbonyl compounds.
After testing a number of developing solvents, the author proposes in this paper the use of a mixture of hexane, glacial acetic acid, and xylene (5:1:3). This mixture is quite excellent in giving compact spots of the hydrazones. Though the Rf tends a little to fluctuate as it does in the case of neutral carbonyl compounds studied by other workers using various solvents, it has been ascertained that the identification can successfully be done with this new solvent if an authentic specimen of likely hydrazone is run in parallel with the sample to be known.
The Rf's of 2.4-dinitrophenylhydrazones of some acidic carbonyl compounds, observed by using this solvent, are listed in Table 1.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (128K) -
野中 順三九1956 年 21 巻 12 号 p. 1250-1252
発行日: 1956/04/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn concluding the present series of works under the same title, the author intends to verify the presence of half aldehyde in autoxidized oil, for he has already arrived at the conviction that, if half aldehyde is permitted to be born when oil is autoxidized, the coloring of so-called oxidized acid is naturall traced back at least partially to the coloring of such aldehyde.
Now, the presence of half aldehyde in autoxidized oil has proved definite from the experimental data shown in Table 1. These results lead to the conclusion that at least part of the characteristic color of oxidized acid, accordingly also the main coloring matter of discolored oil, springs from half aldehyde formed in the oil.
Diketostearic acid and neutral aldehydes, whose existence are now also conclusive from the table, brown likewise when treated by base, but the color thus developed readily fades away on subsequent acidfication. Therefore, these carbonyl compounds are not to be responsible for the permanent color of oxidized acid, even if they may participate in the basic discoloration such as often observed on fish oil.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (232K) -
小島 良夫1956 年 21 巻 12 号 p. 1253-1256
発行日: 1956/04/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIt has been found difficult to prepare a highly purified alginic acid from Eckloria cava by the ordinary method.
An attempt has been made to obtain the highly purified alginic acid by the electrodialysis of crude sodium alginate solution extracted from Eckloria cava. Firstly, conditions for extracting alginic acid from Eckloria cava were examined with regard to yield and properties of alginic acid. It has been shown that the extraction with 0.6% Na2CO3 solution at 70°C for 4 hours is optimal.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (256K) -
二室電解透析法の実験的検討小島 良夫1956 年 21 巻 12 号 p. 1257-1260
発行日: 1956/04/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーA sodium alginate solution prepared from Eckloria cava at the optimum condition was electrodialyzed with two chambers, depositing algmic acid on the anode. Yield and purity of algmic acid attained were nearly equal to those by the oridinary method, indicating that it is worthless to use the two chamber method for obtaining highly purified algmic acid.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (301K) -
放射性鉄の確認について天野 慶之, 戸沢 晴巳, 高瀬 明1956 年 21 巻 12 号 p. 1261-1268
発行日: 1956/04/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn the previous report, description was given to the analysis of radioactive elements separated from the muscle of a skipjack which had been caught by the R. V. “Shunkotsu-Maru” at a station near Bikini Atoll on June 19th, 1954. By ion exchanger technique, the presence of Zn65 was proved in a fraction withdrawn by 5% ammonium citrate at pH 4.18 from a column of Dowex 50 in which the ashed material was absorbed. But in another fraction obtained by elution with 0.5% oxalic acid, the nature of radioisotopes involved could not been ascertained.
Because of the weakness of radioactivity remaining in the muscle, the present study was mainly directed to analyzing redioactivity in the liver of the fish by the techniques almost as same as discribed in the previous report. And this time the unknown element, which can be eluted with 0.5% oxalic acid, was also obtained same as found in the muscle sample (Fig. 1). The unknown element was identified as radioiron (Fe55 and Fe59) on the basis of the following evidences.
Elution curve of the element in question eluted from Dowex 50 with 0.5% oxalic acid well coincided with that of radioiron treated with the same procedure (Fig. 3). Another experiment for separation was made by flowing through a column of Dowex 1 with various concentrations. of HCl as influent; and both samples, the standard radioiron and the sample in question, gave quite similar elution curves in the portion of 0.6M HCl as shown in Fig. 4. Energy of two gamma rays emitted from the element were found by a scintillation gamma ray spectrometer to be 1.1 MeV and 1.3 MeV respectively. These gamma rays were considered to be emitted from Fe59 (Fig. 5). However, as decay of the element was much slower than that of Fe59 (Fig. 6), the coexistence of some other radioisotope with a longer half life than Fe59 could be assumed. And the absorption coeficient of A1, Ag and Au for radiation of the element under study was calculated from three absorption curves shown in Fig. 7; values obtained are 115, 460 and 460cm2/g respectively. These values are almost the same with those of K X-rays exhibited by Fe55 (Table 1).
It is more feasible to consider that the appearence of the elements of such lower mass number as radiozinc and radioiron would be resulted from the hit of neutrons at the time of the explosion, unless these elements would be contained originally in the weapon. Because these radioisotopes can not be grouped to the so-called fission products.
In view of a fact that these heavy metals have high affinity with, and are readily taken into living organisms, the pollution of water mass resulted from the explosion test should be considered more serious than usual contammation caused by fission products.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (463K) -
1956 年 21 巻 12 号 p. 1269
発行日: 1956年
公開日: 2008/04/22
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (30K)
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