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Volume 21, Issue 5
Displaying 1-14 of 14 articles from this issue
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Takeo TANIGUCHI1955 Volume 21 Issue 5 Pages 291-296
Published: September 25, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe writer reduced some theoretical formulae representing the hydro-dynamic resistance of cod ends fixed in a stream for four types of cod ends, such as the parabolic cylinder type (Fig. 1, Eq. 10), the sphenic (Fig. 3, Eq. 13), the pyramid type (Fig. 4, Eq. 14) and the box-type (sce Fig. 5, Eq. 15). The drag-coefficients of netting cord obtained from a series of model experiments were almost coincide with these of infinite circular cylinder (Fig. 7). Th shape of each cod ends in a current almost conformed to that expected by the theory (compare Figs. 1, 3, 4, and 5 with Figs. 8-I, -II, -11I and IV, respectively.).
If the size and shape at the opening of cod ends, the total area of webbings, the kind of the netting cord, the angle between the adjacent arms of net are equal, the resistance of each type of cod ends is about the same each other both from the results of the theory and the experiments (see Fig. 9).View full abstractDownload PDF (380K) -
Analysis of the summer beach seine association on the northern coast of Osaka BayHiroshi MAÉDA1955 Volume 21 Issue 5 Pages 297-301
Published: September 25, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
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Analysis of the summer day-time pole-trawl (Utase-ami) association in the central part of Osaka BayHiroshi MAEDA1955 Volume 21 Issue 5 Pages 302-305
Published: September 25, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
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Habitat segregation found in the early autumnal night pole-trawl (Utase-ami) association in the central part of Osaka BayHiroshi MAÉDA1955 Volume 21 Issue 5 Pages 306-309
Published: September 25, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
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Tamotsu IWAI1955 Volume 21 Issue 5 Pages 310-313
Published: September 25, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
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Size composition in the North Pacific Ground during the Period of it's Northward MigrationAkira SUDA1955 Volume 21 Issue 5 Pages 314-319
Published: September 25, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe area of the Kuroshio current or the North Pacific current is known as the quite excellent fishing ground of the Albacore. Albacore in this ground migrates southward during Autumn and early Spring, and is mainly caught by long-line. From Spring to Summer it migrates northward and is caught by rod and line with live bait. As to the former catch the author already reported it's size-composition1). In the present, the author reports the analysis of the size-composition of the latter. The principal informations obtained by this work are as follows.
(1) Though the range of the size is confined within the limit between 50 to 100cm during the seasons of 1951 and 1954, there are the remarkable annual fluctuations.
(2) The number of length-groups are not fixed by the seasons. 3 or 5 length-groups appear in each season from 1951 to 1954.
(3) The modal length of each length-group shows remarkable annual fluctuation. (Table 1)
(4) The relative abundance of each length-group is very unstable as shown in Table 2. In most cases, the most dominant length-group occupies the overwhelming proportion.
Such a size-composition of the northward migrating Albacore differs from that of southward migrating one as follows.
(1) Such advanced age groups* as seen in the sout ?? ward migrating fishes do not appear in these which migrate northward.
(2) Size-composition of the northward migrating ones shows the remarkable annual fluctuation, therefore it is able to say that it is much more unstable than that of the southward migrating.
(3) The dispersion of the length frequency of the northward migrating ones is much more small than that of the southward migrating ones.
Then differences between the two groups seen to be based on ecological differences of them other than the difference of fishing method. In spite of these differences, the author hypothesized that there will be some relations between these two groups on a basis that the body-length of the most dominant size-groups are less than 100cm in both migrating groups.
* Age is not determined, larger than 90cm.1)View full abstractDownload PDF (444K) -
Takeyuki DOI1955 Volume 21 Issue 5 Pages 320-334
Published: September 25, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt it often said that the fishing grounds have been laid waste all over the Inland Sea of Japan because of overfishing …… especially in the situation of Porgy Pagrosomus major ( T. & S.) fishery which is one of the most important in her waters. The writer attempted to argue and analyse the Porgy population, from the past records of catch and the fishing vessels with reference to the survival rates measured in 1937 by Y. WANG and in 1949 by the writer and his assistants, so as to make the nature of its population clear.
The trends of yearly yield in each prefecture facing the Inland Sea, are claseified into two types (Fig. 1) by analysing the secular variations, in regarding them as vectors and time series.
The survival rates are estimated to decrease from 0.82 in 1936 to 0.64 in 1949 (Tables 4, 6 and Fig. 8) for about ten years. It seems that the decrease has been. caused by strengthening fishing effort, represented in the number of fishing vessels.
In Tables 7 and 8, are shown the rates of natural mortality, fishing mortality, survival and exploitation of three prefectures respectively, calculated from competitive relation between the fishing mortality rates and the fishing efforts.
The thick full lines, as shown in Figs. 11, 12 and 13, represent the actual fluctuations of catch. The other four lines indicate the relative variato ?? of reconstructed catch, computed from the estimated values of the above-described population parameters under four trials. Considering the lines of recontructed catch and the actual one, the writer concluded that the number of 5-10 tons vessels is reasonable to show the fishing efforts.
Because the catch has not grown larger in spite of the annual increase of exploitation rate, the abundance of population is considered to be reduced by half for about past ten years : evidently it is a dangerous state of overfishing. Thus the optimalized fisheries or the regulation of fishing are inferred in Tables 9, 10, 11, and 12, concluded from C-f diagram (Figs. 14 and 15).
The prediction of catch has been able to practise in three ways: namely ……the correlation (Tables 13, 14 and 15) between the catches and the environmental factors, the reconstruction (Figs. 11, 12 and 13) from dynamical relation among the population parameters, and the extrapolation (Figs. 16 and 17) d ?? d ?? ced statistically from the correlograms (Figs. 6 and 7) of the secular variations of catch.View full abstractDownload PDF (895K) -
Outbreaks of Allergy-like Food Poisoning Caused by “Samma Sakuraboshi” (Dried Seasoned Saury) and Canned Seasoned MackerelToshiharu KAWABATA, Kimishige ISHIZAKA, Toshiyuki MIURA1955 Volume 21 Issue 5 Pages 335-340
Published: September 25, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAllergy-like food poisoning occurred in Furuichi-machi, Aga-gun, Hiroshima Prefecture on February 17-18, 1953, in which all members of 3 families (11 persons) who had consumed “samma sakuraboshi” fell ill. Another outbreak of similar food poisoning was observed on July, 16, 1953, in the Safety Corps of Kumamoto, Kyushu District, in which 85 developed allergy-like symptoms among 250 persons who had taken canned seasoned mackerel in their lunch.
In both outbreaks, incubation period was less than 2 hours and a half and characteristic symptoms observed were flush in the upper half of the body, dizziness and headache. In no case, vomiting, diahrrea or abdominal pain was recorded.
Chemical analyses performed on the incriminated foodstuff of both outbreaks revealed no significant difference in pH value and the contents of volatile basic-N or trimethylamine-N from ordinary market samples. However, marked differences were observed in the amount of histamine and the rate of contraction of intestine (by Magnus' method) tested on the crude methanolic extracts were found to be much greater than the control. Moreover, the rate of contraction observed on the crude extracts was much severe as compared with that of histamine contained in the causative materials.
These findings may suggest the presence of certain vagus-stimulant in the crude extract of incriminated materials.View full abstractDownload PDF (457K) -
Causative Toxic Substance and Some of its Chemical PropertiesToshiharu KAWABATA, Kimishige ISHIZAKI, Toshiyuki MIURA1955 Volume 21 Issue 5 Pages 341-346
Published: September 25, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe presence of an unusual amount of histamine and other vagus-stimulant in the incriminated materials of allergy-like food poisoning of “samma sakurabashi” and canned mackerel is reported in the previous paper. Present study was aimed to isolate the toxic substance for the investigation of its chemical properties.
The results obtained are as follows :
1. The toxic substance was successfully isolated from the methanolic extract by means of paper-partition chromatography. The spot appeared on the paper with ninhydrin was brownish purple and distinguishable from that of histamine in points of the Rf value and of the reaction with diazo reagent as well. The extract from the part corresponding to the spot of the toxic substance which was about 9 times as effective as that of the extract from the spot of histamine.
2. This substance was easily extracted with 80% methanol at room temperature, but was insoluble in ether, acetone, benzene, chloroform or absolute ethanol. Insolubility in absolute alcohol is one of the differences from histamine.
3. This substance was considereably heat stable and was dialysable against cellophane membrane.View full abstractDownload PDF (370K) -
Physiological and Pharmacological Properties of Newly Isolated Vagus-stimulant, Named “Saurine”Toshiharu KAWABATA, Kimishige ISHIZAKA, Toshiyuki MIURA1955 Volume 21 Issue 5 Pages 347-351
Published: September 25, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDescription were made in our previous papers, I and II, that the causative materials of two independent outbreaks of allergy-like food poisoning contain unusual amount of histamine and a vagus-sitmulant of unknown structure. The posion was separated by paper chromatography and was confirmed by Magnus' method.
This paper deals with the physiological and pharmacological actions of this substance. The results obtained are as follows :
1. The poison is different from acetylcholine.
2. This substance seems to have an additive effect with histamine.
3. The skin reaction on rabbits and the shock symptoms on guinea pigs caused by injection of this substance seemed to agree with those of histamine.
4. As for the antagonism between this substance and anti-allergy drugs tested on contraction of intestine, anti-histamine drugs seems to be much stronger than auti-acetylcholine drugs.
5. These findings mentioned above may suggest that this substance seems to be an autonomic nervous toxin and resembles to histamine so far as its action is concerned. The authers wish tentatively to give a name “saurine” to this substance. The name “saurine” is referred to the English name “saury” for Cololabis saira, from which this poison was isolated for the first time.View full abstractDownload PDF (356K) -
Chemical Constituents of the Style of Mactra sulcataria REEVE (Part2)Yoshiro HASHIMOTO, Tokuji SATO1955 Volume 21 Issue 5 Pages 352-356
Published: September 25, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSNeutral sugar components of the crystalline style of Mactra sulcataria, were isolated by the use of ion-exchange resins and hydrocellulose column. Fucose, xylose, mannose and galactose were identified as their derivatives and the presence of desoxy-ribose and acetylhexosamine was also detected.View full abstractDownload PDF (268K) -
Consideration on Difference in Putrefaction for Various Kinds of Fish (4) On Difference of Concentration of Histidine between the Interior and the Exterior of CellsWataru SIMIDU, Sigeyuki HIBIKI1955 Volume 21 Issue 5 Pages 357-360
Published: September 25, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFor the purpose of considering that difference in production of histamine in the course of putrefaction according to the kind of fish may be attributable to the variation in the concentration of histidine that can be found in each case of the inner part of cell and the intercellular space, we have estimated the concentration in dripping, juice pressed and residue getting from fresh, frozen, incubated or salted fish.
As the results, we have found that the concentration of histidine in the residue seems to be higher than that in the dripping or the juice, and this tendency was especially marked in the salted fishes. From these facts, we have assumed that the histidinc may be contained in a larger amount in the inner part of cells than in the intercelluler spaces, and it must be a cause of difference in production of histamine according to the kind of fish.View full abstractDownload PDF (296K) -
On Poisoning of Spoiled FishWataru SIMIDU, Sigeyuki HIBIKI1955 Volume 21 Issue 5 Pages 361-364
Published: September 25, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe have examined the power of poison of spoiled fish by the hypodermic injection of saline water extractive of it into the mice:
Each extractive of both white muscle fish and reddish muscle fish has been found to be able to kill any mouse, but its efficacy seemed to decrease by the cooking or in the further progress of putrefaction. The cooked extractive of reddish muscle fish has been indicated to be harmful, but only at higher concentrations.View full abstractDownload PDF (265K) -
On the Critical Concentration of Poisoning for HistamineWataru SIMIDU, Sigeyuki HIBIKI1955 Volume 21 Issue 5 Pages 365-367
Published: September 25, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe have considered on the basis of various materials that the critical concentration of poisoning for histamine in spoiled fishes seems to be about 100mg. (as dichloride) per 100gr. of the muscle.View full abstractDownload PDF (171K)
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