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Volume 22, Issue 12
Displaying 1-16 of 16 articles from this issue
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Takeo TANIGUCHI1957 Volume 22 Issue 12 Pages 727-729
Published: April 25, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe hydrodinamic resistance of pyramid type cod ends with different total area of .webbing was measured experimentally. The results were compared with the theoretical value which had. been given by the equation (IV-1) of the report IV of this series of studies. The comparison is plotted in Fig. 2 where the abscissa and the ordinate represent respectively the non-dimentional length and the non-dimentional resistance of the cod end. Although the coincidence may not be said to be satisfactory, it can be seen that the total resistance of the cod end changes rather slightly as compared wtih the variation of the length of cod end.View full abstractDownload PDF (177K) -
Shumpei KOJIMA1957 Volume 22 Issue 12 Pages 730-735
Published: April 25, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMost of fish are known to be in the habit of taking shelter under submerged materials or sticking around floating substances for various reasons. In the experiments conducted by Oshima (1948) to throw light on these phenomona, the test animals such as the black porgy, Sparus macrocephalus and a rock fish, Micracanthus strigatus, were often attracted to a black plate on the white bottom of an aquarium in their actin for feeding or keeping away from enemies. The black spot appeared as if it had served like a sort of habitat for the fish.
The present study has been designed to contribute knowledge to the habit of some fishes sta-ying about a drifting object through observations of their reactions to a given stimulus. The area of a white aquarium was divided into nine squares with threads stretched between the upper ends of walls so as to determine frequency of the test fish visiting each square (Fig. 1). A series of preliminary tests with no stimulus given to the fish established the typical swimming behaviours of two groups of the test animals that might be compared with their behaviours when given a stimu-lus. Under the normal condition one group, parrot bass, Oplegnathus fasciatus, displayed a noticeable inclination for aggregating in the central square, while the other, filefish, Monacanthus cirrhifer, behaved to the contrary (Table 1). The kinds of stimuli included a shade cast from above the water, a white or black plate held on the surface or the bottom, and a noise, to esch of which the fishes reacted differently (Tables 2-5). Findings from the experiments are :
1) Feeding activities which occurred most frequently in the square where a plate was, appe-ared derendent on the kind of the plate, its relative position to the water, species of fish and their developmental stages. Because the filefish were attracted oftener than the parrot bass to the black plate on the surface, but in the case of the plate of the bottom, vice versa (Table 4).
2) The young of the filefish (4-5.5cm. in legth) and the parrot bass (1.8-2.5cm.) showed vigorous feeding around the white plate on the water. while large individuals of the parrot bass (3. 5-3. 8cm.) took the alarm at the sight of the plate (Table 3). The different reactions to the plate may be attributed to degrees of psychophysiological development and the amount of learning experiences. Particularly difference of the perception they might have from the plate seems to be an essential factor determining their reactions towards it.
3) When a certain amount of a noise or stirring of water was continuously given to the ani-mals, they appeared to take shelter under the shade. Both white plate and black one placed at certain parts on the surface or the bottom had the similar effect as the shade on their avoidance from the threatening stimuli. Comparative tests of the shelters revealed that the animals preferred a lower shelter to an upper one (Table 6). For this reason it may be said that one feeding place they like better than another seems to be also a better shelter for them.View full abstractDownload PDF (494K) -
On the Setting Season and the Growth in Early Young StageWataru IKEMATSU1957 Volume 22 Issue 12 Pages 736-741
Published: April 25, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to know the setting season and the growth of Tapes japonica in their young stage, the author has collected this species over the period 1952 to 1955, at four localities in the Sea of Ariake (Table 1, Fig. 1). The results obtained are summarized as follows :
1) The major periods of the setting are twice a year. One is in May and the other is from the end of November to early December, but the setting in the former season is unstable (Table 2, Fig. 2).
2) The density of setting in December reaches above half a million per one square meter. The young clams set in this season maintain the resources of this species, though those deposited in spring seem to be extinct (Table 2).
3) The growth curve of the young clam which sets in November and December has several changing points in its growth rate. The shell length on the coast of Saga Prefecture in the Sea of Ariake, reaches 1mm. four months after setting (early April), 10mm. after six months, and 27mm. after a year (Figs. 3, 4).View full abstractDownload PDF (444K) -
Tamotsu TAMURA1957 Volume 22 Issue 12 Pages 742-746
Published: April 25, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1) Roughly speaking, the retinae of Lzteolabrax japonicus and Cyprinus carpio show more marked dark-adaptation before than after midnight, when the fish are kept in very low intensity of illumination. In Lateolabrax, the change from bright- to dark-adaptation of the cone position can be brought forth in the illumination of about 0. 04 lux before midnight and in about 0. 01 lux after that (Fig. 3). In Cyprinus, it is 0. 0005 lux before midnight and less than 0. 00006 lux after that (Fig. 4).
2) The difference of illumination between before and after midnight may be one of the reasons why the fish-gathering by light in the fishery is usually more effective before midnight than after that.
3) The difference of the illumination between the two species may show that the retina of Cyprinus is more sensitive to low illumination than that of Lateolabrax.View full abstractDownload PDF (329K) -
Accumulation and Disappearance of Ca45 in Various Organs of Hyriopsis schlegeli (MARTENS)Yoshishinge HORIGUCHI1957 Volume 22 Issue 12 Pages 747-751
Published: April 25, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo clarify the mechanism of the shell and pearl formations, the author investigated the meta-bolism of Ca in Hyriopsis schlegeli (MARTENS) by using Ca45, as a tracer.
The accumulation and the disappearance of Ca45 in various organs of Hyriopsis schlegeli (MARTENS) are shown in Table 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6.
From the results, it was found that the greater part of the absorbed Ca45 is concentrated in the gill and the gill predominates in the organs as to the disappearance of Ca45.
Furthermore, it was presumed that the mantle, receiving Ca45 from other organs (perhaps, the gill), precipitates it to the shell.
Turn over rate of the mantle of Hyriopsis schlegeli (MARTENS) was about same level as that of Anodonta lauta MARTENS and about one-fifth of Crassostrea virginica.View full abstractDownload PDF (398K) -
On the Electrophoretic Specificity of Serum ProteinsKaname SAITO1957 Volume 22 Issue 12 Pages 752-759
Published: April 25, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBy examining the electrophoretic patterns of some fish serum protein obtained under almost the same condition, the author ascertained the following fact that the specificity, in quantity as well in quality, of the serum protein composition was more or less conspicuous corresponding to their classification of species or to the habitual environment.
(1) In cases of fresh-water teleosts such as, Cyprinus carpio, and Carassius auratus, component I which might correspond, in its mobility, to the human serum albumin is most rich amoung the serum proteins, while in cases of marine teleosts, Chrysophrys major, Trachurus japonicus, Decapterus muroadsi, Coryphaena hippurus, Scomber tapeinocephalus, Thunnus thynnus, the presence of the component-f, with the higher mobility than albumin, is apparent, in addition to the component I . The component-f is apt to appear most abundantly among the serum proteins.
On the other hand. in the serum proteins of the marine elasmobranchs, Squalus mitsukurii, Mustelus griseus, there is no detectable amount of the component I to say nothing of the compo-nent-f, but the component II and IV + IV', which correspond maybe to the human serum globulins, are contained in comparatively large amounts.
(2) Generally, in cases of teleosts, the concentration of the component, which corresponds to the ϒ-globulin of human serum, is far less than the control serum (human and rabbit), but in cases of the shark serum the the extraordinarily high concentration of this fraction is found.
(3) The albumin/globulin ratio of the serum protein in cases of marine teleosts is higher than that of the control serum. By using the salt fractionation method it was ascertained that the mackerel serum protein was composed mostly of the albumin fraction, while in the shark's contra-rily, most of them were composed of globulin fractions.
(4) The use of the refractometry as the measuring means of shark serum protein cencen-tration was proved to be inadequate.View full abstractDownload PDF (1603K) -
On the Paper Electrophoretic Analysis of Serum ProteinsKaname SAITO1957 Volume 22 Issue 12 Pages 760-767
Published: April 25, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS(1) In the paper electrophoretic analysis of the serum proteins of fish, it was found to be very important to select the kind of buffer solution, its pH and ionic strength.
(2) The existence of such characteristics of the serum protein composition as reported in the former paper was equally ascertained. Moreover in the serum of both shark and skate, the existence of the component invested with the less mobility than that of γ-globulin contained in the human serum was also ascertained.
(3) As the result of applying paper electrophoresis both to the shark serum containing large amounts of non-protein nitrogen compounds and to its dialysed one, it was ascertained that, from the qualitative analytical point of view, even in the case of the original serum, the influences of the co-existing non protein substances might safely be put out of consideration.
(4) TISELIUS method was found to be more effective for separating each component protein than the paper electrophoresis. And under the ordinary condition, paper electrophoresis gives a higher value, relative proportion of component, to the fraction with low mobility and a lower to the fraction with high mobility than those obtained by TISELIUS method.View full abstractDownload PDF (4153K) -
On the Seasonal Variation of Serum Protein Components of Cultured FishKaname SAITO1957 Volume 22 Issue 12 Pages 768-772
Published: April 25, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS(1) By examining the seasonal variation in the serum protein composition of the cultured mackerel, Scomber tapeinocephalus, and carp, Cyprinus carpio, it was ascertained that the concentration of total protein and albumin fraction in serum showed the lower values in winter time (Feb. ) than in the warm time (May or Jun., which the feeding behaviour approached its climax).
(2) Using the blood samples of the cultured and the natural mackerel (caught in Apr. and Jun., respectively), hemoglobin content, hematocrit value and concentration of albumin fraction in serum were estimated, and the natural one generally showed the higher values than the other.View full abstractDownload PDF (1733K) -
On the Serum Protein Components of the Mature and Immature Stage of the Marine ElasmobranchsKaname SAITO1957 Volume 22 Issue 12 Pages 773-777
Published: April 25, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBy examining the serum protein compositions of the mature (caught at the off sea) and the immature (caught by shore-seine at the estuary) of shark, Mustelus griseus, and of skate, Dasyatis aka jey, the qualitative and quantitative differences between the mature and the immature were observed. Namely, in cases of the mature individuals, when treated electrophoretically, no compon-ent-f and I could be detected, while in cases of the immature conponent I was discerned clearly. And amoung some large, although immature, individuals adopted from a shoal of the comparatively large sharks there existed the one which showed the electrophoretic diagram of the serum which seemed to be a intermediate type between that of the immature and the mature.
And as to the total protein content in shark and skate serum, those of the immature tend to show lower values than those of the mature.View full abstractDownload PDF (1028K) -
Tetuo TOMIYAMA, Yasuo YONE, Kazuo MIKAJIRI1957 Volume 22 Issue 12 Pages 778-783
Published: April 25, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTOMIYAMA et al5) reported that a dip in CTC-solution and/or a storage in CTC-ice were markedly effective to keep freshness of round fish. Only limited data, however, are available which show dist-ribution pattern of CTC in the treated fish and the rate of heat inactivation of CTC in the flesh at varying temperatures. The objective of this paper is to answer these questions which are of importance from standpoint of fishery technology as well as public health. The following results are obtained by employing a modified pad-plate method for the determination of CTC.
1. Except for pilchard and a small mackerel no penetration of CTC occured into the flesh of several species of round fish after a 27-hour storage in chilled sea water containing 100 p. p. m. of citric acid and 10 p. p. m. of CTC.
2. After a 27-hour storage of “ISAKI” in the CTC-sea water no CTC was found in the flesh or the viscera while it was found in both skin and gills.
3. When bonito fillet was immersed in the CTC-sea water, it was found that CTC readily penetrated into the flesh.
4. The rate of heat inactivation of CTC which was included in bonito flesh increased rema rkably with the rise of temperature. A linear relationship was obtained between the residual CTC (%) the logarithm of the time of heating.View full abstractDownload PDF (519K) -
Takeaki KIKUCHI, Ikunosuke OKADA1957 Volume 22 Issue 12 Pages 784-786
Published: April 25, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe authors already reported that the difference of polarographic wave among fresh and oxidi-zed whale oil indicated to the possible usefulness of the polarographic method for the study of autoxidation of fats and oils.
In this paper the authors made same investigation on several other fats and oils, sardine oil, tunny fish oil, calamary oil lard, beef tallow and soy bean oil.
The oxidized fats and oils showed polarographic waves, and the reduction potential of them were -0.4 V, -1.2 V and -1.9 V vs S. C. E.
In all oxidized samples the same results were obtained, while in the fresh fats and oils two waves, reduced in -0.4 V and -1.2 V vs S. C. E. were observed as in the case of the oxidized fats and oils, but the third polarographic wave having a half-wave potential of -1.9 V vs S. C. E. was not observed.
In this peper the following experiments are involved.
1. Comparison of fresh and oxidized fats and oils by polarograms. (Table 1 and Fig. 1)
2. Increase and decrease of waves reduced in -0.4 V, -1.2 V and -1.9 V vs S. C. E. during the autoxidation. (Table 2 and Fig. 2)View full abstractDownload PDF (251K) -
Acetone-Soluble Lipid of the Ordinary MuscleHisanao IGARASHI, Koichi ZAMA, Muneo KATADA1957 Volume 22 Issue 12 Pages 787-790
Published: April 25, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe acetone-soluble lipid was obtained in the yield of 5.14% from the ordinary muscle (free from the dark-colored muscle) of a tuna, Thunnus orientalis. This lipid had the properties as shown in Table 1. The composition of mixed fatty acids was found to be as shown in Table 9. The unsaponifiable matter contained 24.26% of sterols, consisting mainly of cholesterol, in which no detectable amount of provitamin D was found.View full abstractDownload PDF (282K) -
Acetone-Soluble Lipid of the Dark-Colored MuscleHisanao IGARASHI, Koichi ZAMA, Muneo KATADA1957 Volume 22 Issue 12 Pages 791-794
Published: April 25, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe acetone-soluble lipid was obtained in the yield of 2.70% from the dark-colored muscle of tuna. This lipid had the properties as shown in Table 1. The composition of the mixed fatty acids was found to be as shown in Table 9. The unsaponifiable matter contained 25.46% of sterols, consisting mainly of cholesterol, in which no detectable amount of provitamin D was found. It was also shown that this lipid contained of less saturated acids, more long-chain polyethylenic acids and more cholesterol than the acetone-soluble lipid of the ordinary muscle.View full abstractDownload PDF (294K) -
1957 Volume 22 Issue 12 Pages e1
Published: 1957
Released on J-STAGE: April 22, 2008
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1957 Volume 22 Issue 12 Pages e2
Published: 1957
Released on J-STAGE: April 22, 2008
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1957 Volume 22 Issue 12 Pages e3
Published: 1957
Released on J-STAGE: April 22, 2008
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