巻号一覧
22 巻, 6 号
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本多 勝司1956 年 22 巻 6 号 p. 325-327
発行日: 1956/10/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe breaking strength and elongation of netting cord were measured on the test piece of various length and the following results were obtained.
1) The number of yarns composing cotton twine seems not to affect the coefficient of varia-bility of the breaking strength. (Fig. 1)
2) The longer test piece is used, the weaker strength is read. And the breaking strength and elongation is fitted by broken line in relation to the length of test piece, but they remain constant when test piece is long over a definite value depending on the kind of fiber and the construction of cord. (Figs. 1, 2 and 3)抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (124K) -
本多 勝司1956 年 22 巻 6 号 p. 328-329
発行日: 1956/10/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーCotton nets were weared by the rotating drum in water tank as shown in Fig. 1. The coef-ficient of friction was calculated with the records of reading of spring balance S and hanging weight W. Break test on the net pieces were done, the breadth and length of which are 10 meshes respectively, by using the sample in the initial and final stage in our experiment. Where, the time interval of our experiment was 4 hours.
The results obtained are as follows:-
The value of the coefficient of friction decreases with the increase of the time, and finally it approaches to a certain limiting value (Fig. 2 and Table 1). If the breaking load of the piece of net before and after the treatment of 4 hours be denoted by T0 and T respectively, the value of T/T0 seems to be large in the case of heavy weight and thin cord (Table 1).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (121K) -
田中 昌一1956 年 22 巻 6 号 p. 330-337
発行日: 1956/10/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーMaximum likelihood estimates of biological populations have been obtained on the basis of se-quential tagging experiments without replacement. At the time just before the t-th sample (t=1, 2, …, T) is taken, the size of a population may be represented by Nt-1 and the number of tagged individuals by At-1. Let us assume xt tagged individuals are found in t-th sample of size nt drawn at random from this population. Then, mt individuals are taken out from the population again, tagged and released regardless whether or not they have been tagged before. If yt among me has already been tagged, an actual increase in tagged individuals during the t-th experiment is mt-yt-xt.
Under usual circumstances it could be assumed that Nt-l_??_nt and Nt-1_??_At-1; hence xt is ex-pected to follow Poisson distribution with mean of ntAt-1/Nt-1, and yt is negligibly small. From these models the maximum likelihood estimates have been derived by using the successive approxi-mations as DELURY did (formulae 1-6). Approximate coefficient of variation of estimated 1/N0 or F=∑nt/N0 is given by the reciprocal of square root of the total number recaptured (formulae 11 and 12).
If At-1 is not too small in contrast with Nt-1, the binomial distribution is more suitable than Poisson distribution to be used as a basic mathematical model. The estimates are obtained in the same procedure as before (formulae 7 and 8).
When data drawn from a constructed binomial population were analysed by using At and At', for both models of binomial and Poisson populations, it has been found that the effect of the difference of population models is small enough, and that the effect of neglecting yt is not serious, though the results based on correct At are always smaller than on approximate At' (Tables 1 and 2).
For another example, the methods are applied to the data obtained from the marking experi-ments of fin whale which were carried out in the 1954 and 1955 seasons in one of three major whaling grounds of the northern North Pacific, located north of Aleutian Islands and east of 180° meridian. On the basis of biological surveys and tagging experiments it has been believed so far that there are a few different populations, each frequenting to one of these whaling grounds where they would stay for a considerable length of the season every year. This fact makes the situation simple for the statistical estimation by marking experiments. The data and results of calculations are shown in Tables 3-6. In addition, catch-effort records (Table 7) are analysed by DELURY's method to compare them with the results of the marking experiments. Although these estimates have only a little reliability, it might be safely said that the size of the fin whale population in the region under study is 5, 000-50, 000.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (511K) -
イワシ加工品生産高を利用して栗田 晋, 田中 千代子1956 年 22 巻 6 号 p. 338-347
発行日: 1956/10/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn the statistical yearbook compiled by Japanese Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry-called “Norin Tokei” for short-the annual catch of iwashi for the period of 1926 to 1950 are not broken down by species such as sardine, Sardinops melanosticta (T.& S.) and anchovy, En-graulis japonica (HOUTTUYN). For the purpose of estimating the catch during the above period we assumed that a multiple regression equation (2) might represent the relation between the annual catches of anchovy (Y), iwashi (G), and the output of processed iwashi products (P1, P2, …… ), statistics of which are available in “Norin Tokei”. For the statistics of Y during the period under study we modified and made use of anchovy catch in “Norin Tokei” for the years of 1915 to 1925, and of data from investigations conducted by the Imperial Fisheries Experimental Station in 1932, 1949 and 1950 in collaboration with prefectural fisheries agencies (Table 3). The statistics of G, P1, P2, ……were obtained from “Norin Tokei” with no modification (Tables 2 & 3). Applying these statistics in equation (2), we estimated the value of the coefficient of partial regression for each item by method of least squares and then tested the significance of the coefficients.
The results of the present study have revealed that of all combinations one combining G (catch of iwashi) and P1 (boiled-dried iwashi) and one for P1 and P2 (dried-salted iwashi) show the highest coefficient of correlation between observed catches of anchovy and the estimate with signi. ficant (5% level) coefficients of partial regression. The equations of regression (6) and (8) were introduced therefrom.
With help of equation (6) and G=X+Y, the annual catches of anchovy and sardine includ-ing round herring, Etrumeus micropus (T. & S.), were estimated for 1905-53 and the errors of the estimation were discussed from several points (Section VI and Table 4). Shown in Figures 1 and 2 are confidence intervals of the expected values of anchovy catch, and comparison of estimated catches of sardine with observed catches of sardine and iwashi. In Table 5 the annual catches of sardine and anchovy were tabulated for 1915-50, as intended for the present research, in unit 1, 000 metric tons, including observed catches which were modified by the authors as in Table 3, and estimated ones for years when not observed.
Coefficients of multiple correlation between estimated and observed catches are 0.998 for sardine and 0.89 for anchovy (Table 6). The estimated values for sardine in Table 5 may be as much reliable as “Norin Tokei”, but those of anchovy are supposed to be useful only for tracing the annual trend of catch.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (737K) -
濃厚塩溶液中のアルギン酸ソーダの膨潤岸本 昭, 藤田 博1956 年 22 巻 6 号 p. 348-353
発行日: 1956/10/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (350K) -
本着想の紹介並びに予備実験の成績平野 弘1956 年 22 巻 6 号 p. 354-357
発行日: 1956/10/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーDiscussing a colloidal aspect of the collapse of Kamaboko-forming ability ordinarily unavoidable in drying the fish flesh, the following inference was achieved:
Since the protein contents of muscular tissue are essentially made of large, polar and rigid particles of actomyosin, it is likely that, in drying the raw flesh, the free energy of the protein-water system is effectively kept low by the process of syneresis, namely, association of these particles. system is effectively kept low by the process of syneresis, namely, association of these particles. In rewetting the dried flesh, on the other hand, the protein-water system would little be lowered in free energy even if peptization were resulted in, effecting some increase of entropy. In order to prepare dried fish with Kamaboko-forming potence, therefore, it seems necessary to keep the actomyosin particles prevented by some appropriate means from their drawing too close to one another.
From such a point of view, the author presented a new idea of “ionic braces”, so to speak, by the application of which he tried to obtain readily peptizable, Kamaboko-productive dried fish as follows:
Raw flesh of fish previously cut into slices was infiltrated with one or another kind of polyfunctional strong electrolyte and dried up in open air at room temperature so that the actomyosin particles might become clamped together in their ionic sidechains and hence remain inhibited from becoming packed too close. The dried fish thus prepared was examined of its returnability in respect of Kamaboko-forming ability by actually-making the fish-jelly of it after the dissolution with NaOH followed by neutralization.
Quite satisfactory results were obtained by applying to the flesh of flying-fish 0.1 N solution of any one of disodium ethylenediaminetetracetate, sodium oxalate, and sodium pyrophosphate, all being soluble salts of strong acid and used as anionic braces, while only negative results with hexa-methylenediamine hydrochloride which was expected to act as cationic ones, maybe on account of hard accessibility of the anionic side-chains to large cations applied. Weak electrolytes of double function thus far tested were found always of no use irrespective of whether they were acids, bases, or dipolar substances.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (361K) -
未受精卵のアセトン可溶部の脂肪酸及び不〓化物五十嵐 久尚, 座間 宏一, 片田 宗男1956 年 22 巻 6 号 p. 358-362
発行日: 1956/10/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe acetone-soluble lipid was obtained in the yield of 70.0g. from 1050g. of unfertilized eggs (66.7g./1kg. of fresh tissue). This lipid has the following properties: acid no. 31.8; sap. no. 179.3; iodine no. 190.5; reflactive index (n20) 1.4868 and unsaponi ?? able matter 6.09%.
The mixed fatty acids consisted of 2% myristic, 10% palmitic, 3% stearic, 1% arachidic, 5% zoomaric, 17% oleic, 11% eicosenoic, 4% docosenoic, 1% hexadecatrienoic, 11% octade-capolyenoic, 16% eicosopolyenoic, 13% decosapolyenoic, and 6% tetracosapolyenoic acids.
The unsaponifiable matter consisted mainly of sterols. The content of provitamin D in the crude crystal of mixed sterols was 2.2%.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (389K) -
受精卵のアセトン可溶部の脂肪酸及び不〓化物五十嵐 久尚, 座間 宏一, 片田 宗男1956 年 22 巻 6 号 p. 363-367
発行日: 1956/10/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe acetone-soluble lipid was obtained in the yield of 27.0g. from 1096g. of fertilized eggs (24.6g./1kg. of fresh tissue). This lipid had the following properties: acid no. 62.6; sapon. no. 177.2; iodine no. 181.4; refractive index (n20) 1.4860 and unsaponifiable matter 8.82%.
The mixed fatty acids consisted of 1% myristic, 10% palmitic, 3% stearic, 1% arachidic, 7% zoomaric, 17% oleic, 13% eicosenoic, 3% docosenoic, 1% hexadecatrienoic, 13 octadecapolyenoic, 15% eicosapolyenoic, 13% docosapolyenoic, and 3% tetracosapolyenoic acids.
The unsaponifiable matter consited mainly of sterols, in which no detectable amount of provitamin D was found.
A discussion is presented on the changes of the lipids occurred after the fertilization of the eggs.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (364K) -
酸化サメ肝油の抗菌作用とチオバービイトリック酸化との関係豊水 正道1956 年 22 巻 6 号 p. 368-373
発行日: 1956/10/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (373K) -
鶏の生長及び産卵に及ぼすタイラギ内臟液化物の効果富山 哲夫, 米 康夫, 原田 悠三, 加藤 嘉太郎, 岡本 正夫, 山岡 誠, 小柳 武夫, 内田 正五郎, 加藤 五郎, 村上 幸雄, ...1956 年 22 巻 6 号 p. 374-377
発行日: 1956/10/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn a preceding report3), it was shown that the addition of the viscera-extract of Pecten laqueatus at a 1.7 per cent dry weight basis gave a remarkable growth response of chicks and that APF in the viscera-extract was adsorbed on the activated charcoal from a slightly acidic solution.
The present paper deals with a study on the effectiveness of an autolyzed viscera-extract of Atrina Pectinata japonica to the chick growth and the egg production, and further on the fractionation of the growth promoting principle. The results can be summarized as follows.
1. The addition to 100g. of all-vegetable protein ration of a 2.8g. portion of the dried autolyzed viscera and a 0.3g. portion of an activated charcoal adsorbate which is equivalent to 2.8g. of the dried autolyzate, resulted in a slight growth promotion on 35-day old chicks during six-week feeding as contrasted to a negative result obtained on addition of 1.35g. of a non-adsorbed fraction (Table 1).
2. The weight of anterior hypophysis and testis, and the length of humerus and femur increased in a linear proportion to the growth while the weight of thyroid gland inversely pro-portional (Table 2).
3. One-year old hens fed autolyzed viscera at a 2% dry weight basis for 100 days showed an egg production inferior to the control group. This is apparently due to a delay of starting egg production in the experimental group, because when compared as to the egg production of its highest production period (Feb. 7-March 30), a superior egg production in number as well as weight was observed in the experimental group (Table 3).
4. In the case of 5-month old hens fed an all-vegetable protein ration for 3 months prior to the experiment, the supplementation of the autolyzate at a 2% dry weight basis gave a remarka-ble response in egg production (Table 4).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (359K) -
Squalene重合物の製造(其の1)酸性白土を触媒とせる場合東 秀雄, 井関 重夫, 浅野 基明1956 年 22 巻 6 号 p. 378-382
発行日: 1956/10/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーA study has been conducted to prepare a viscosity improver for squalane by polymerizing squ-alane or partially reduced squalene, using 5% acid clay as catalyst at 210°C. (Fig. 1).
Properties of the polymer and hydrogenated polymer and of those prepared from partially re-duced squalene are shown in Tables 2, 3, 5 and 6, respectively.
From the study it has been found that the hydrogenated polymer is suitable as a viscosity im-prover for squalene (Table 4), and that oil prepared from squalane and hydrogenated polymer seemes to have the properties better than those of commercial watch oils. (Table 7).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (399K) -
BHTによる新巻サケの油焼防止について外山 健三, 山口 典之, 猿谷 九万1956 年 22 巻 6 号 p. 383-385
発行日: 1956/10/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIt has been reported that 2, 6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresole (BHT) is an excellent antioxidant for oils and fatty foods1, 2), and that the substance is superior to BHA under certain circumstances3).
In our experimental results of applying BHT to some marine products such as salted-and-dried fish, boiled-and-dried fish, or Kairyo-aramaki (a sort of salted salmon), this substance was found to be less effective in protecting the products from the oxidation deterioration than BHA. It may well be expected that the difference arises from relatively slow permeation of BHT into the oil.
Hereupon, we examined, the effect of BHT-containing salt applied to Aramaki which is to be kept usually very long in contact with common salt. To be graded according to the efficacy, parallel experiments were also carried out with other commercial antioxidants, Sustane (BHA) and Linton C (isoamylgallate+citric acid). All the antioxdants were used according to the proce-dure previously described6). Their dosages in relation to common salt and to fish flesh are shown in Table 1.
Thus for Aramaki BHT has been proved, as expected, to be the most recommendable. No defect has been encountered throughout experiments. In practical use, the usage of BHT amoun-ting to 0.0025%-0.005% of fish flesh will be sufficient. As for the Sastane, though its excess gave the products a yellow off-color in the abdominal part, it showed a good protecting effect if used at 0.0025% concentration. Linton C cannot be said to be usable since they cause violet off-color like propyl gallate5).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (284K)
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