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22 巻, 9 号
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水塊の分布と流動状況田口 喜三郎1957 年 22 巻 9 号 p. 511-514
発行日: 1957/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーDuring the 1955 fishing season, in order to determine the movement of good fishing areas of salmon migrating to the waters of western north Pacific, exploratory fishing and simple oceanographic observations including water temperature (0. 10. 25 and 50 meters), water color, and transparency, were carried out every days by 14 research vessels of Nichiro Fisheries Co., Ltd.
Although this result was in general agreement with the findings of previous reperts 2) 3) 4) 5) 6)
it provided the necessity of some revision as follows.
1. The branch current of Kuroshio which appears off the Gulf of Kamchatka extending through the south offing of Komandorskii Is. during end of May to early June, comes out in, the region Lat. 48°N, Long. 172°-174°E in early May, and moves northwestward as shown by the movement of 4°C (0m.) isothermal line in Fig. 1, A-D
2. The cold water mass which grows along the coast of Kamchatka, flows south or southeastward on the southern part from Cape Shipunskii, as can be seen with the tongue of 3°C (50m.) isothermal line in Fig. 1, C-D. And the eastern head of this tongue is projected as far as Long, 170°E., Lat. 48°N., in middle of May, but it is compressed to the coast of Kamchatka as the branch current of Kuroshio progresses.
3. As a results of previous studies, we have had an idea that the branch current of Kuroshio in the southern offing of the Aleutian Islands has two directions: one is northwestward and another is westward. The study this year showed, however, that the northwestward-flowing branch current of Kuroshio has a wide spread, and comes gradually into the fishing ground from eastward to westward. We have taken this phenomenon as showing the existence of the westward current. Fig. 2 gives the concept of distributions and movements of these water masses.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (323K) -
魚群の分布と回游田口 喜三郎1957 年 22 巻 9 号 p. 515-521
発行日: 1957/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーTo know the relation between the movement of water mass and the migration of salmon population in the waters of the western north Pacific, the distribution of salmon population was observed through the catches of 339 gillnet-boats operated during the 1955saason.
The fishing area is shown in Fig. 1 and the seasonal variations of good fishing areas for each species are shown in Fig. 6 (A……D).
In considering the seasonal variation of good fishing areas in relation to the movement of water mass, suggests a tendency that 1). the migration of salmon will coniside with movement of water mass even in offshore waters, but 2) the good catches of red salmon and chum salmon will be made along the boundary where the tongue of cold water from the coast of Kamchatka projects into the branch current of Kuroshio.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (459K) -
落合 明1957 年 22 巻 9 号 p. 522-525
発行日: 1957/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn this paper, the zoogeographical distribution of the Japanese soleoid fishes has been quantitatively investigated. The faunal characteristic of this group of fish at various representative localities extending from Japan to its adjoining region is first analysed by making use of SCHENCK et KEEN' method.
The central latitude of each sole is represented by the mean velue of the northern and southern limits expressed by the geographical latitude. The biological latitude of each representative locality is the mean of the central latitudes of several species found there. The latitudinal change of the distributional index (D•1), which is the difference between the geographical and biological latitudes, is described as the faunal characteristic of each locality.
The results obtained in this study are summarized as follows:
1. Based upon the central latitudes, the Japanese soles are made up of 3 forms, tropical, subtropical and temperate. Thus, the fish of which the central latitude is lower than 20 is called herein tropical form, which is represented by 7 species in Soleidae and 3 ones in Cynoglossidae. The subtropical form, defined here as one of which the latitude is about 30, contains 2 species in Soleidae and 5 ones in Cynogrossidae. The remaining 2 species of each family belong to the temperate form, of which the latituds is always higher than 33 (Tab. 1).
2. The latitudinal change of D•I in the Japanese soles found from Singapore or Kai to Muroran Prov. of Hokkaido or Uladivostok seems to be rather gradual, except for sudden change which takes place between Owashi (Mie Pref.) and Numazu (Shizuoka Pref.), and Hainan and Amoi, respectively (Fig. 2).
3. The point where the value of D•I becomes 0 is found to exist in latitudes 22°N in the Pacific and 27°N in the China Sea.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (250K) -
落合 明1957 年 22 巻 9 号 p. 526-530
発行日: 1957/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIt is well known that coefficient of closeness (C=100c/√S1S2), which is the ratio of the number of common species (c) between two different localities to the geometric mean of their respective total number of species (S1, S2) proposed by OTSUKA, is useful in precisely comparing the faunistic feature between two different localities. With a view to our clarifying the distributional pattern of each species, degree of popularity (P) is newly defined herein in the following formula:
P=N/S(n-1)
Where, N stands for the frequency that one species is concurrently obtained together with other species of this group from the same locality in each zoogeographic division, n for the total number of species examined and S for the number of investigation.
The results obtained are summarized as follows:
(1) According to the coefficient of closeness among Nagasaki, Matsue, Maizuru, Niigata, Onomichi, Numazu, Kominato, Matsushima, Muroran, Owashi, Kochi and Kagoshima (Tab. 1), the Japanese waters can be divided into 5 faunal subdivisions. The southern part of Japan from Ryûkyû to Suruga Bay on the Pacific is geographically characterized by the fact that all Japanese soles including 7 tropical species never before found in any other part of Japan are unfailingly found there. The East China Sea is easily distinguished from other regions by the presence of characteristic species Zebrias fasciata.
On the Japanese coast of the Japan Sea and the Pacific coast of the middle part of Japan (from Sagami-Nada to Kashima-Nada) several temperate and subtemperate soles are known. The fauna of the soles in the Inland Sea of Japan is of peculiar in character, being more or less influenced by the neighbouring fauna. But the northern part of Japan on the Pacific is the most sterile region, so far as soles are concerned, only 3 species (Areliscus interruptus, Zebrias japonicus and Rhinoplagusia japonica) being reported there.
(2) The degree of popularity is large in Areliscus interruptus, Aseraggodes kobensis, Zebarias japonicus, Heteromycteris japonicus and Aesopia cornuta than in any other species found in the southern part of Japan on the Pacific (Tab. 2). On the Japanese coast of the Sea of Japan and the Pacific coast of middle part of Japan, the degree is large in Areliscus interruptus, Zebrias japonicus, Rhinoplagusia japonica and Areliscus joyneri (Tab. 3).
(3) On the whole, the temperature and the subtropical forms of this group, whose degree of popularity is large, are widely distributed even to the northern part of the Japanese waters. But the tropical form has the degree usually smaller than 0.1, the northern limit of its range lying in the southern part of Japan.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (341K) -
落合 明1957 年 22 巻 9 号 p. 531-535
発行日: 1957/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe tropical Indo-Western Pacific region is believed to be the center of dispersal of the Japanese soles, based upon 3 facts: 1) the center of dispersal is nothing but the center of specific differentiation in this group, 2) the 10 tropical soles, which are almost half the known members of the entire species inhabiting the waters of Japan, are found both in the Japanese waters and the tropical Indo-Western Pacific, and 3) the larger number of species and genera of this group are concentrated in the latter region.
The phylogenetic migration of the Japanese soles from the center of dispersal to our area is presumed to have taken Place through 2 main lines. One is the Kuroshio line, which has brought the tropical Western Pacific fauna with it to the southern part of Japan by the Kuroshio. Through the other line, which is herein called “Continental line”, the soles have extended their habitats northwards along the continental coast of Asia from the East Indies to Japan, passing the China Sea.
It is a srtiking evident that in the northern hemisphere, the distribution of this group coincides with a fair degree of accuracy with the surface isothermals in February. The temperature in this month is 25°C or a little higher in the center of dispersal, and it is 0°C in the northern limit of the dispersal in Japan. The isothermals of 10°, 15° and 20°C form respectively the boundaries of zoogeographic division of this group (Fig. 1).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (493K) -
田村 保1957 年 22 巻 9 号 p. 536-557
発行日: 1957/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (2818K) -
フノリの無機成分について三田 喜代1957 年 22 巻 9 号 p. 558-560
発行日: 1957/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーOut of inorganic components of Gloiopeltis furcata, a species of seaweed, and its mucilage extracted in room temperature, major elements were detected by the ordinary method, and minute elements by arc spectrum analysis. The minute elements contained in the seaweed were Ti, Cu, Mn. Ashed material of the mucilage was 16.1% against the weight of dried material with important inorganic components comprising Na, Mg, Si, and S.
It has been estimated that all the amount of S in the mucilage is present as sulfate and that the mucilage consists of Na or Mg salt of sulfate ester of polysaccharide. A fact that the mucilage contains a considerable amount of Si is worth paying attention.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (176K) -
右田 正男, 松本 重一郎1957 年 22 巻 9 号 p. 561-568
発行日: 1957/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーTo provide the basis of the study on marine animal muscle proteins, quantitative efficiency of various extraction methods that have been used by investigators was experimentally compared, using water or DYER's 5% NaC1 solution4) as the extractant.
The squid or flatfish muscles were extracted with extractants at varying ratios of extractant (ml.) /muscle (g.). The ratios more than 20 were recommended to get a good extractability, except the case of the aqueous extraction of the squid muscle (Fig. 1).
Among the various methods which will help the mechanical degradation of the tissue structure, both a blendor equipped with buffle-plate (Fig. 2) and a hand-made blendor9) proved to be useful (Tables 1-4).
The single extraction was found to be usable in place of the repeated extractions in the estimation of the relative amounts (Table 5, Fig. 3).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (624K) -
コイ筋肉中のadenosine polyphosphateに及ぼす貯蔵温度の影響斎藤 恒行, 新井 健一1957 年 22 巻 9 号 p. 569-573
発行日: 1957/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーPost-mortem changes in adenosine polyphosphate content occurring in carp muscle, which had been stored at various temperatures (16°C., 0°C., -8°C., liquid air), were studied by ion exchange chromatography. The results may be summarized as follows.
(1) When carp muscle was held at 16°C., ATP and ADP were broken down rapidly and a large amount of decomposed compounds were accumulated in the fractions of adenine and adenosine (Fig. 1).
(2) Held at 0°C., the changes in amounts of ATP and ADP were comparatively slow and the decomposed compounds were mainly in the fraction of AMP (Fig. 2).
(3) Held at -8°C., and after 6 hrs. from start, muscle was completely solidified by freezing. The contents of ATP and ADP decreased markedly and the decomposed compounds, which will be considered as IMP, appeared in the fraction of AMP (Fig. 3).
(4) In liquid air, rapid freezing occurred and the contents of ATP and ADP showed almost no changes (Table 1).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (326K) -
チアミン,ニコチン酸,葉酸,ビオチン及びパントテン酸柿本 大壱, 金沢 昭夫1957 年 22 巻 9 号 p. 574-576
発行日: 1957/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe B-vitamine, thiamine, nicotinic acid, folic acid, biotin and pantothenic acid in the pyloric coeca of skipjack were determined by microbiological methods using Lactobacillus fermenti, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Streptococcus faecalis and Lactobacillus arabinosus, and found to be 15, 304, 2.7, 0.8 and 37γ per one gram of drymatter respectively (Table 2).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (202K) -
パラアミノ安息香酸 (PABA) 及びリボフラビン柿本 大壱1957 年 22 巻 9 号 p. 577-582
発行日: 1957/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe microbiological method of LEWIS for estimation of PABA was improved on the composition of basal medium and on the treatment of test sample. That is, a considerable amount of L-tyrosine was added to the basal medium and the tyrosine present in sample was removed by adsorbing on charcoal at pH 1 (Table 2). By estimating PABA with the modified method the content in the pyloric coeca of skipjack showed the value of 1.25γ per one gram of dry matter (Table 3).
In the estimation of riboflavin by BARTON-WRIGHT's method, the elimination of riboflavin from peptone and yeast-extract, which was used in the preparation of basal medium, was made by irradiation of ultraviolet ray for 30 minutes. And the concentration of both glucose and yeastextract in the basal medium was duplicated in quantity (Table 4).
By estimating riboflavin with the modified method the content in the pyloric coeca was proved to be 38γ per one gram of dry matter (Table 5).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (432K) -
澱粉の糊化と足の補強岡田 稔, 山崎 惇子1957 年 22 巻 9 号 p. 583-588
発行日: 1957/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn manufacturing of fish meat jelly (Kamaboko), starch is very often added in fish meat paste in order to enhance the jelly strength of the products. It is widely believed that gelatinization of starch is a requisite for the effect, and that gelatinized starch reinforces the structure of Kamaboko by closely binding meat protein. But there is no direct evidence, so it is attempted to offer an experimental support for the view.
Samples of Kamaboko were prepared by heating fish meat paste contained 10% potato starch at different temperatures. And then, samples were tested for jelly strength by a sensory test and by a gelometer in parallel, as well as for the state of gelatinizaton of starch in jelly under a microscope. When the sample was prepared at 70°C, reinforcing ability of starch for Kamaboko was recognizable organoleptically, and a series of changes in jelly properties occured: increase in breaking strength (Fig. 2), abrupt drop of breaking strain (Fig. 3) and of softness (Fig. 4), and change in expressible water curve (Fig. 5). In Kamaboko prepared at the same temperature (70°C), almost all granules of potato starch were observed to gelatinize (larger granules do a little above 65°C and smaller ones at 75°C), while the gelatinization temperature of potato starch is known as 61.5°C.
The fact that the effect of starch begins to be recognizable with sample prepared at a temperature above which gelatinization of starch was observed, supports the view that gelatinization of starch is necessary to enhance jelly strength of Kamaboko. On the other hand, the finding that starch added in Kamaboko, though gelatinized, existes in the jelly as granules is not agreement with a view that enhancing effect of starch is due to its cementing action.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1318K) -
菊池 武昭, 岡田 郁之助1957 年 22 巻 9 号 p. 589-591
発行日: 1957/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe authors applied the polarography to the studies on the autoxidation of fish-oil, and found a well defined polarographic wave which was caused by the oxidation product of fish-oil.
The investigation of the reduction wave is available for the study of oil autoxidation, and it is expected to get a clue to determination of the rancidity of oil. The half-wave potential of this wave was -1.9v. vs. S. C. E. in 0.1M LiOH.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (289K) -
1957 年 22 巻 9 号 p. 592a
発行日: 1957年
公開日: 2008/04/22
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (65K) -
1957 年 22 巻 9 号 p. 592b
発行日: 1957年
公開日: 2008/04/22
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (65K)
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