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23 巻, 10 号
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新崎 盛敏, 野沢 洽治, 三宅 真1958 年 23 巻 10 号 p. 593-598
発行日: 1958/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe resistance of S. parasitica aganist malachite green was variable according to its life-time; i. e. the growth of hyphae was restrained completely in pepton-solution with 0.02 ppm., and the formation of zoosporangia or gemmae, and the germination of resting spores were checked with 0.2 ppm. (Fig. 1, Table 3)
The correlation diagram between the concentration of M. G. and the time need to kill the hyphae or sporangia on the eggs of Hypomesus oliaus was shown as a straight line when both factors were expressed in logarithum (Fig. 2).
As the infection of the disease could not be checked unless the formation of zoospore ceased, it may be safely said that the disease is carried chiefly through zoospores (Table 3).
From these experiments, it is suggested that in practice controling the disease, it may be enough to treat the trout eggs for about 20 minutes in 5 ppm. of M. G., and in the case of the eel it may be necessary to use more concentrated M. G. solution than 0.2 ppm.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (462K) -
新崎 盛敏, 野沢 洽治1958 年 23 巻 10 号 p. 599-603
発行日: 1958/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe algicidal efficiency of Delrad 70, an algicide prepared at Herculus Powder Co. U.S.A., was tested on some fresh-water algae and a water plant, including Chlorella, Scenedesmus, Oedogonium, Microcystis, Oscillatoria and Hydrilla. The efficiency of the toxicant was determined by mannonmetric method from the rate of photosynthetic activity or by macroscopic observation on change of color and sedimentation of the algal cells.
The results obtained were as follows:
(1) The valid concentration of the Delrad 70 varied from 0.1 to 1.0 ppm. according to kind of algae or their population dencity. It was also harmful to the gold-fish in almost the same concentration as to the algae. In dense culture of algae, the efficiency decreased probably due to the influence of adsorption to the algal cells. (Fig. 1, 2, 3, and Table I, II)
(2) The adsorption degree of the Delrad 70, or the decrease of toxic efficiency was great in the existence of mucous excreta of gold-fish or in dense population of Scenedesmus, but not so great in Kaoline suspension. (Fig. 4, 5)抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (326K) -
田中 小治郎1958 年 23 巻 10 号 p. 604-607
発行日: 1958/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe present study was carried out to make clear the attaching mechanism of the carpospore of Porphyra tengra and to bfind out more favorable spore-collecting method in the laver field.
Oyster shells were set in the laver field as the carpospore collecters in tow different ways. 1) Oyster shells were piled up about 42cm in height in an opened tank set on the bottom. 2) Oyster shells were hung horizontally by an iron wire about 15-30cm over the bottom. The result may be sumarized as follows.
1) More conchocelis were found on the shells piled up in the tank than those hung horizontally in the sea.
2) There were scarcely any difference in the number of conchocelis betwen the shells of upper, middle, and lower part on the shell-pile.
3) The vortex or stagnation of the tidal current caused in the apparatus have influence on, accumulation of follen leaves, and consequently the accumulation of carpospores on the oyster shell. Under favorable conditions many conchocelis were found on the shell as a result of the attach ment of numerous carpospores.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (949K) -
本多 勝司1958 年 23 巻 10 号 p. 608-611
発行日: 1958/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーBehaviours of two trawl nets of different size (Fig. 1) were studied in a model scale, in one case each net being kept stationary on the bottom against the water current applied, and in the other each net being dragged in still water (Fig. 2).
State of deformation of the nets and water resistance acting on them were observed under the influence of a variety of the dragging speed, the currrent velocity, and the interval between the hand ropes (Figs. 3-6).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (189K) -
魚群の網目通過状況に関する予備実験神田 献二, 小池 篤1958 年 23 巻 10 号 p. 612-616
発行日: 1958/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリー1. As seen from the behaviour of fish schools studied, Trachurus trachurus (LINNÉ), Atherion elymus (J. & S.), and Cyprinus carpio (LINNÉ), the fish barring effect of a colourcd net decreased almost always in the following order: red > yellow > green, while black, gray, and white produced different effects on fishes, if the latter were of different species (Table 2, Fig. 2).
2. The number of fish which passed through the net, red, yollow, or green coloured, respectively, does not vary with the intensity but seems to depend on the wave length of the light reflected by the net (Fig. 4).
3. Fishes behaved differently even to the nets of the same colour if the light source was made different (Table 2).
4. The present results may not, entirely be free from the colour contrast due to the simultaneous use of differently coloured nets.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (383K) -
着色網地に対する魚群の行動及び魚群の網目通過について神田 献二, 小池 篤, 小倉 通男1958 年 23 巻 10 号 p. 617-620
発行日: 1958/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーTwo pieces of different coloured nets were combined with one another side by side and set stretched in an outdoor pool (length, 26m; width 5m; depth 1.5-O.7m). The behaviours a school of rainbow-trout, Salmo gairdnerii irideus (GIBBONS) takes in the neighbourhood of the net were observed, the results obtained being summarized as follows:
1. In so far as a large difference in the number of fish passing through is detectable between the individual pieces of net, the fish school behaves quite specifically according to the sort of colour of the net.
2. The colours of net examined were red, orange, yellow, green, and blue; and effectiveness of these colours in the fish passage increased in the order: green>blue>yellow=orange> red. Thus, relative passability for fish estimated for individual nets on the basis of green net varied with the dominant wave length of the reflected light.
3. No marked difference is detectable between the curves drawn for the distribution of light spectrum in the pool water on the one hand and for the relative intensity of the light reflected respectively from blue and green nets on the other resembles one another closely. This suggests that the weak barring effect of a blue or green net against fish passage may well be attributed to the weakness of contrast made by these nets to their surroundings.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (291K) -
網地の色彩の濃淡が魚群の行動に及ぼす影響について神田 献二, 小池 篤, 小倉 通男1958 年 23 巻 10 号 p. 621-624
発行日: 1958/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリー1) As for the behaviour of a fish school (Salmo gairdnerii irideus (GIBBONS) ) approaching the nets with a colour of the same stamp but of different depth, no difference was detected between the kinds of colour examined, i.e., blue or green, red, and brown. The manner in which the depth of colour of a net affects the behaviour of a fish school was by no means of the same trend independent of the kind of colour of the net.
2) Like the previous experiment, also the present experiment manifests that, while it is quite light in the day time, the behaviour of fish school near a coloured net is influenced more strongly by wave length than by intensity of the light reflected by net cords.
3) From the bservations on the behaviour of fishes schooling near ?? a net of no particular colouration, it was found that a black net was least effective in fish stopping action.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (252K) -
Glycylglycine 誘導体とCo++, Mn++, Mg++,の関係に就いて斗ケ沢 宜久, 勝又 悌三1958 年 23 巻 10 号 p. 625-631
発行日: 1958/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーGlycylglycine (GG) dipeptidase samples were prepared from pyloric caeca of fish (tunny, bonito, and yellowtail). With these preparations, the activation effects of metal ions such as Co++, Mn++ and Mg++ were investigated using a few GG derivatives as substrates, e. g., sarcosylglycine, N-dimethylglycylglycine, glycylsarcosine, and glycyglycinamide.
The results obtained by spectropho to metric observations as well as chemical analyses seem to suggest that: 1). Co++ forms coordination compound like enzyme-Co++-substrate', similarly to the SMITH's case.
2). Mn++ acts the same as Co++ does (Figs. 1-6).
3). Mg++ coordinates to a slight extent only with GG, but never with deriratives of GG (Figs. 1-6).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (489K) -
酵素活性度とpHとの関係について福田 博業, 黒木 暘1958 年 23 巻 10 号 p. 632-635
発行日: 1958/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe optimum pH for succinic dehydrogenase activity of liver and dark muscle of several kinds of fish was found to be 6.7±0.1. Practically no difference in the optimum pH was observed between species of fish or kind of tissue.
The change of the activity with pH is shown in Fig. 1. It is clearly seen that the activity changes appreciably with pH in acidic side from the optimum pH while changes gradually in alkaline side.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (232K) -
酵素活性度と温度との関係について福田 博業, 黒木 暘1958 年 23 巻 10 号 p. 636-640
発行日: 1958/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe influence of temperature on the activity of succinic dehydrogenase of fish and cattle was estimated by means of electro-photometric method with Na-2, 6-dichlorophenolindo o-chlorophenol.1) The succinic dehydrogenase activity of liver and dark muscle in many fish was almost inactive at 0°C, gradually increased its activity with rise of temperature, but suddenly lost its activity at 50-55°C presumably due to the heat denaturation of the enzyme protein(Fig. 1).
The temperature activity curve of succinic dehydrogenase in liver and kidney of cattle was found to be different that of the enzyme of fish. In case of the cattle succinic dehydrogenase the change of activity was relatively small in a low temperature range, but was appreciablly great above the body-temperature(Fig. 2)
The temperature-activity relationship can be clearly seen from Fig. 3, that illustrates the variation of the temperature coefficient of the enzyme activity.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (297K) -
“ダンカン”に関与する細菌に対する防腐剤の効力について藤沢 浩明, 助川 輝武1958 年 23 巻 10 号 p. 641-646
発行日: 1958/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーFor the purpose of the prevention of agar and its intermediate product, “tokoroten” from spoilage, the authors fundamentally experimented on the bacteriostatic effects of several antiseptics on the causative bacteria in the spoilage, and obtained the following results.
(1) Benzalkonium chloride, hydrogen peroxide and sodium hypochlorite inhibited remarkably the growth of an agar-decomposing bacterium at the concentration of 1/10000, and chlorotetracycline (aureomycin) and tetracycline (achromycin) inhibited fairly at the concentration of 1/100000.
Dehydro acetic acid, sorbic acid, nitro furyl acrylic amide and sodium peroxide were scarcely effective at the concentration of 1/10000.
(2) Sodium hypochlorite and hydrogen peroxide inhibited remarkably the growth of mixed culture of bacteria which were inferred as causative microÖrganisms of agar spoilage, and benzalkonium chloride, chlorotetracycline and tetracycline inhibited fairly.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (393K) -
イオン交換樹脂による酸性中性両糖の分離とその濾紙クロマトグラフ中村 武彦1958 年 23 巻 10 号 p. 647-651
発行日: 1958/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn the previous paper1), the paper chromatographic detection of three component sugars, galactose, glucurone and anhydrosugar was reported on the acid hydrolysates of Eucheuma mucilage.
Further trials to confirm the component sugar of the mucilage were carried out, by dividing the hydrolysates with ion-exchangers (Amberlite IRA-400 and IR-120) into acidic and neutral sugar fractions (Fig. 2), which were subjected to paper chromatography (Fig. 3 and 4). The effect of several factors on the Rf value of sugars was also examined preliminarily, as shown in Fig. 1 and the value was found to be influenced by the aging of a solvent (n-BuOH:AcOH:H2O 4:1:2), sugar concentration and the presence of Ba-salts.
Together with Eucheuma mucilage, agar-agar and the mucilage of Gloiapeltis furcata (“Sheet Funori”) were studied in the same manner for comparison (Fig. 5).
The neutral fraction of hydrolysates of Eucheuma mucilage gave three spots of galactose, anhydrosugar, and also xylose. The acidic fraction, on the other hand, gave only distinct spots, which seemed to be galactose sulfate. Glucuronic acid or its lactone was not detectable in this way. The chromatograms of agar-agar and Gloiapeltis mucilage were very similar to that of Eucheuma mucilage except the absence of L-fucose in the latter.
From the fractionation products of Eucheuma mucilage and agar-agar with methanol and methanol-ether. the anhydrosugar was isolated as phenylosazone (m. p. 208-210°C) and considered to be anhydro-L-galactose.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (352K) -
グルクロン酸の確認中村 武彦1958 年 23 巻 10 号 p. 652-655
発行日: 1958/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーGlucuronic acid or its lactone (glucurone) is nowadays recognized as one of the sugar components of mucilages from seaweed.(1), (2) The detection of glucurone by paper chromatography was very difficult as reported in the previous paper.(3) In the present paper, several color reactions for glucuronic acid were applied to the acidic fraction separated with ion-exchangers from the hydrolysates of Basalt of the mucilage. The following results were obtained: (1) The most reliable and sensitive test was found to be the WILLIAMS reaction.(5) The color formed showed a characteristic absorption maximum at 600mμ. (Fig. 2).
(2) DISCHE's thioglycolic acid (6) and cysteine reactions (7) were also useful for detection, but not for determination, because the color intensity was markedly affected by the conditions in treating with conc. H2SO4 (Fig. 3, 4).
(3) The original naphthoresorcinol reaction (TOLLENS)(4) gave a characteristic absorption curve which has a maximum peak at 559mμ, but it was less sensitive than the WILLIAMS reaction. This reaction seems to be inapplicable for the determination, because the extraction of the color substance was not quauntitative. (Fig. 1).
(4) The JARRIGE's reaction(5) seemed to be inadequate for spectrophotometric investigation due to the formation of turbid coloration.
(5) The carbazol reaction(8) was found to be not specific for glucuronic acid and the similar absorption curves were obtained on xylose, glucose and galactose (Fig. 5).
Thus, glucuronic acid or glucurone in the acidic fraction of Eucheuma muricatum was clearly identified by the WILLIAMS, DISCBE's and original naphthoresorcinol reactions, and its content was 3.27% on the dry basis of the hydrolysates, when determined by the WILLIAMS reaction.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (309K) -
アンモニア生成とアミドとの関係柏田 研一1958 年 23 巻 10 号 p. 656-659
発行日: 1958/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe present paper deals with the generation of ammonia through the enzymatic degradation of aquatic animal tissue. The results obtained may be summarized as follows:
1. In cases that pyloric coeca extract was added to the fish muscle, the amount of ammonia generated was estimated to be equivalent to the amount of amide nitrogen reduced in the substrate. Hence the generated ammonia may de supposed to have been derived from the amide nitrogen in the muscle.
2. While, in the autolysis of pyloric coeca, the amount of ammonia generated was far more abundant than that of amide nitrogen reduced: from this phenomenon, the generation of ammonia by an unknown substance besides amide was suggested.
3. Under the enzymatic degradation of fish muscle, the optimum pH for ammonia generation ranged from 5 to 6; in case of autolysis of pyloric coeca it was fixed to be 9 or more than that.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (260K) -
富山 哲夫, 津山 厚, 米 康夫1958 年 23 巻 10 号 p. 660-670
発行日: 1958/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーTOMIYAMA et al4) reported that the sensitivity and recovery of their modified method for CTC assay in fish tissues were 0.02 mcg/cc and about 85%, respectively.
A study has been made, therefore, of improvement of the extractant and the assay media in order to obtain higher recovery and sensitivity. From scrutinizing various factors governing the recovery and sensitivity, it has been found that the following modified method is quite feasible and reliable.
A 20g aliquot of well comminuted and homogenized sample tissue is further mixed with 80cc of the extractant (35 parts of M/10 citrate (pH 5.2)+65 parts of acetone) for about two minutes. using Waring blender, followed by filtration with a dry filter paper. Each of three pad discs was dipped into the clear filtrate, excessive liquid being removed by touching on the glass wall, and then placed on an plate together with 0.02 mcg/cc reference. Four series of the standard CTC solution (0.08, 0.04, 0.01 and 0.005 mcg/cc of M/10 itrate (pH 5.7)+acetone) were placed on separate plates, three plates for each level. Each plate contains 3 discs of a standard solution plus 3 discs of the 0.02 mcg/cc CTC reference.
All the plates were incubated overnight (15-18 his) at 30°C. The content of CTC can be calculated as follows:
By employing the following formula, correction can be made of each standard set; Si=si+(R-r), where, Si is corrected value of si, si, average of nine readings for three dishes of standard set having i mcg per cc, R, average of 36 readings for all the reference on all the standard series, and r, average of nine readings for the reference placed on the three standard dishes. Draw the standard curve by plotting these corrected zone diameters, S, together with the average of the 36 readings, R, and the corresponding concentration of CTC (mcg per cc) on semilogarithmic paper, the concentration being plotted on the logarithmic scale. In the sample set, similarly calculate Pi, correced value of zone size for sample solution by using the following formula; P=p+(R-r), where P is average of nine readings for sample set, R and r are the same as the foregoing formula for Si. From the standard curve read the concentration, A mcg/cc which corresponds to the corrected value of zone size, P. Then, the antibiotic content of the sample tissue can be calculated by the following formula; C (mcg/g tissue)=A×(80+20), /20.
The preparation of test organism, i.e., spore suspension of B. cereus No. 213 and of seed layer is the same as described by GROVES and RANDOLL.7) The method herein reported was shown to give recovery of 93% and the sensitivity of 0.005 mcg/cc.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1365K)
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