日本水産学会誌
Online ISSN : 1349-998X
Print ISSN : 0021-5392
ISSN-L : 0021-5392
23 巻, 11 号
選択された号の論文の15件中1~15を表示しています
  • 漁獲水温より見た冬ビンナガの水温に対する適応性
    井上 元男
    1958 年 23 巻 11 号 p. 673-679
    発行日: 1958/03/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Albacore schools moving southward in the winter-spring period in the Northwest Pacific Ocean adjacent to Japan are divided into the surface swimming tunas by pole fishing, and the deep swimming tunas by long line fishing.
    We know that the migration of albacores in the winter-spring period is the seasonal migration. Now, from the analysis of the fishery reports on the albacore fishing for the period 1951-1956 regarding the seasonal migration of albacore tunas between the latitudes 25° N and 40° N, and the longitudes 130° E and 180° E, the principal information obtained by this work are as follows :-
    1) It is found that the optimum temperatures in the albacores' “life zones” are variable, but there is a tendency to show a higher optimum temperature for large-sized tunas, and a lower temperature for small-sized tunas, seeing from their body weights (Fig. 2), and the water zones under 16.3°C and over 22.8°C are regarded as “environmental resistance”*, or “environmental barrier”, which prevent the albacores' migration, and also the formation of fishing grounds, in which the present methods of pole and long line fishing are exercised (Fig. 2).
    2) It seems that albacores moving southward in winter, and northward in early spring have the “life zones”, which indicate the different optimum temperatures, namely, the higher temperature for large-sized tunas, and the lower temperature for small-sized tunas,
    3) Paragraph 2 makes it clear that principally in the North Pacific Current Area, northward the Subtropical Convergence Line, the “habitat segregation” is also made for albacores as emphasized by Dr. IMANISHI and Dr. KAGI (Fig. 2, Fig. 3).
    4) It can be said that the large-sized albacores migrating southward in winter precede the small-sized albacores, and vice versa in spring.
    * Include a general Idea of the resistance in the Science of electricity.
  • 照度変化が魚群の行動に及ぼす影響について
    神田 献二, 小池 篤
    1958 年 23 巻 11 号 p. 680-683
    発行日: 1958/03/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Chief results of the present observations are summarized as follows:
    1) A school of fish (Salmo gairdnerii irideus (GIBBONS)) meeting with a coloured net behaves differently as the illumination changes. Where-as it is the wave length of the light reflected by the net what is influential in the day time, both the kind and the depth of colour of the net affect the fish behaviour in twilight.
    2) In the light of day time fish passage through a coloured net seems to be independent of the maximum distance at which, the net is visible in water. But in twilight the more readily fishes become entangled in a net, the shorter the range of vision for the net.
    3) No particular relationship seems to prevail between the brightness of the reflected light on a coloured net and the passage of a fish school through the net. In twilight, however, where fish enmeshing was observed instead of fish passage using a net of smaller sized mesh, it may be said that with nets of the same kind of colour, fish enmeshing takes place the more frequently in the darker colour of the net.
    4) As for a coloured net in twilight there holds a good parallelism between the invisibility of the net to the naked eye and the tendency of fish to be entangled in the net.
    5) Barring effect of a coloured net against fish passage is greater in the day time than in twilight.
  • 佐伯 有常
    1958 年 23 巻 11 号 p. 684-695
    発行日: 1958/03/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    This aquarium is consist of fish tank, filter-bed, sediment-collector, circulating and aerating apparatus. The nitrogen and phosphorous cycles in aquarium are investigated and the rate of secretion of metabolites, the velocity of their decomposition are measured. And the method to determine culturing capacity and the standard plan of the aquarium are proposed.
    The water of the aquarium contains much nitrate and phosphate which make the water acidic, but other elements of metabolites are scanty in quantity and innocuous to fish. So the necessary conditions in which fish are cultured healthy and normally are as follows:
    (1) When M indicates dissolved oxygen, carbon-dioxide, ammonia and dissolved organic matter at t, necessary conditions which enable the culturing for a short time are dM/dt=0. If aeration is enough, ammonia may be the index to satisfy these conditions, because it is more nocuous or poisonous and its oxidation is more difficult than organic matter. When nitrogen compounds secreted from fish is F, oxidized ammonia by bacteria is X1 and assimilated nitrogen compounds is X2:
    dF/dt=dX1/dt+dX2/dt
    From the results of fish culturing experiments dF/dt is 50mg per day per 100 grams of fish. Ammonia is oxidized by the action of bacteria developed on the filter-sand and this oxidation is monomolecular-autocatalytic reaction. And also its velocity is proportional to the ratio of exchangeable ammonia of the saynd to total ammonia. Experiments with percolating apparatus (Fig. 1) and culturing the fish in the aquarium show that dX1/dt is 0.14mg. per day per 10g. of the sand and dX2/dt is 0.07mg per day. The sand used is 2-5mm. size of calcite or weathered granite. Therefore to satisfy these conditions 300g. of filter sand should be used for culturing 10g. of fish.
    (2) Necessary conditions which enable the culturing for a long time without changing the water are to keep constant alkalinity and hydrogen ion concentration. Some metabolites of cultured fish are stocked in the water as nitrate and phosphate which precipitates with calcium or magnesium.
    As calcium and magnesium ions are eliminated from the water, it loses excess bases and become acidic. This makes the fish unable to live and supresses the ammonia oxidation by bacteria. So the water of the aquarium has need to neutralize the acidity to satisfy these conditions.
    From these experimental results the standard plan of the aquarium by closed-circulating system is proposed as shown in Table 9. And 60 times of the ratio of exchangeable ammonia of the sand to total ammonia give the culturing capacity of the aquarium by grams of fish per litre. To keep the water in a good condition for the fish, air and calcium-oxide or magnesia should be put in according to the analytical results of pH, dissolved oxygen and alkalinity of the aquarium water.
  • 各種硝子玉浮子及び球の抗力係数の比較
    谷口 武夫
    1958 年 23 巻 11 号 p. 696-699
    発行日: 1958/03/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The glass floats used for the fishing net are coverd commonly shelter-mesh for respective fishing gears. Among them, the resistance of those used for the Japanese trawr, the ottei trawl and the trap nets were measured experimentally in company with that of floats without the shelter, and they were compared with that of the sphere. The results oobtained may be summerized as follows:
    1) When the current speed (U) exceeds 0.2-0.4 m/sec, the water resistance of floats (R) varies proportionally with U2, while when the speed does not reach to the above, R is in poportion to U.
    2) When the Reynold's number (Re) is in the range of 3×104-5×105, the drag coefficient (Cα) of the bare glass float is measured about 0.36 coinciding with that of the sphere, irrespetcive of its Re. While when the float is covered by mesh, the value of Cα are measured about 0.75, 0.90 and 0.75, i.e. 2, 2.5 and 2 times as large as that of the spere, for the Japanese trawl, the otter trawl and the trap net, respectivelly.
    3) When the Re of floats having the same style of coves is equal, the diameter of float is the larger, the Cα is the smaller.
  • ブリ肉蛋白にたいする冷凍貯蔵の影響
    清水 亘, 清水 潮, 寺島 広田
    1958 年 23 巻 11 号 p. 700-703
    発行日: 1958/03/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 水抽出液中へのミオシンの溶出
    右田 正男, 松本 重一郎
    1958 年 23 巻 11 号 p. 704-709
    発行日: 1958/03/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    A translucent paste (C-phase) obtained from the residue in extraction of squid muscle with water showed a close resemblance in SB and solubility behaviors with streaming birefringent proteins in aqueous extract and Preparation “myosins”.
    More than 90% of the total dissolved proteins of C-phase were estimated as “myosins” at pH 6.6, and were readily dispersed in water to show strong SB.
    Streaming birefringent proteins in aqueous extract and in C-phase showed a stronger stability against centrifugation than “myosins” when dispersed in water. The difference may be considered to be due to an effect of KCl, because the former two have been prepared without contacting with KCl, while “myosins” has been prepared from KCl extract of muscle, and because the stability of the aqueous dispersion of C-phase is lost in the presence of a small amount of KCl.
    Proteins of C-phase might be considered to be intact squid “myosins” and the origin of SB observed in aqueous extract of squid muscle.
  • イケチョウガイによる45 Caの吸収と貝体内たおける移動
    堀口 吉重
    1958 年 23 巻 11 号 p. 710-715
    発行日: 1958/03/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    In order to determine the Ca absorbing organ and to clarify the picture of Ca absorption and transference in Hyriopsis schlegeli, the author studied the accumulation of 45 Ca after 45 Ca being absorbed and transferred in the shellfish. The shellfish absorbs Ca through the digestive system via mouth and through the tissue surface directly, both being important absorption process of Ca for the bivalves.
    More than half the Ca, absorbed via parenteral pathway are derived from gill, and the rest are derived from mantle and other organs.
    Absorbed Ca is transferred by blood stream.
  • 内山 均, 天野 慶之
    1958 年 23 巻 11 号 p. 716-722
    発行日: 1958/03/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    When sugared Kamaboko is incubated for a couple of days at 25°C, the sucrose decreases rapidly, but the reducing sugar increases rather to some extent. At the end of incubation period, the sucrose and reducing sugar concentrations become extremely low. As reducing sugar increases, some slimy carbohydrate polymer are produced on the surface of Kamaboko. This reaction is considered as a polymeric decomposition. The slime shows an acid reaction to Litmus paper. The isolated slime, purified several times by alcoholic precipitation, does not reduce FEHLING'S solution, but its hydrolyzate with HCl does so strongly. Furthermore, a striking similality is found between this polymer and pure dextran which is used as substitute blood plasma. From these facts, it is natural that the transparent, acid-nature slime is produced more abundantly by adding dissaccharide than by adding monosaccharide, certainly because of the fact that anhydro sugar units can only be utilized for the synthesis of new glycosidic bonds. The dextran seems to be fairly related to the slime or “Neto” of the sugared Kamaboko.
  • 分属分析による汚染メバチの放射性物質の分析
    白井 和雄
    1958 年 23 巻 11 号 p. 723-728
    発行日: 1958/03/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    In the previous papers on the radioelements in skipjacks, 1)2) the identification of Cd113m as a main contaminant and the presence of Zn65, Fe55 and a trace of Ba140-La140 were reported.
    The present paper deals with a contaminated big-eyed tuna, Parathunnus mebachi, caught at a station (12°17'N, 167°04'E) in the Pacific Ocean on Oct. 20, 1956. Data on the specimen are given in Table 1 and the radioactivity of tissues and organs is shown in Fig. 1.
    The ashes of liver, pyrolic caeca, kidney, red muscle and ordinary muscle were fractionated by the group separation method using carriers and the considerable amount of radioactivity was found in Group II (Table 2).
    Radioactive elements contained in Group II were proved to be mostly composed of Cd113m and Cd115m by the further fractionation (Fig. 2). The existence of these nuclides was confirmed by the half lives of Cd fractions (57-71 days when estimated directly and 43-44 days when traversed with 263.9mg/cm2 Al absorber), energy of β-ray (1.6 Mev) calculated from absorption curves (Fig. 3) and energy of γ-ray (1.1 Mev).
    Group IIIB and IV obtained from the liver, pyrolic caeca and kidney were supposed to be chiefly consisting of Zn65 and Sr90-Y90 respectively, judging from the decay and energy of β-ray, measured on the unrefined fractions (Fig. 6, 7). Member of Group IIIA were not thoroughly examined in spite of higher activity due to the disturbance of phosphate.
    Further confirmation of these nuclides will be dealed in the following papers.
  • イオン交換樹脂による汚染メバチ“肝臓”の放射性物質の分析
    佐伯 誠道
    1958 年 23 巻 11 号 p. 729-734
    発行日: 1958/03/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The radioactive elements in the liver of the same big-eyed tuna, reported in the previous paper, have been fractionated with an ionexchage resin (Dowex 50 X 8).
    In the liver, Mn54, Sr90 and Y90 were confirmed together with the formerly identified nuclides 1-3), such as Zn65, Fe55, 59, Cd113m, 115m, Ba140 and La140 (Fig. 1-9). A new nuclide, Mn54, has never been recognized as a radioactive contaminant, resulting from the atomic bomb tests. The confirmation of S190 was also carried out by the group separation method using carriers.
    The quantity of radioactive nuclides in 100g of the liver was calculated as follows: Fe55 (Fe59) 0.5 μc, Zn65 0.05 μc, Cd115m (Cd113m) 0.012 μc, Mn54 0.0022 μc, S190 0.002 μc, Y90 0.002 μc and Ba140 and La140 trace (Tab. 1). A special attention should be paid for the presence and amount of Sr90 among these nuclides detected, judging from the maximum permissible dose given by the International Commission On Radiological Protection in 1954.
  • イオン交換樹脂による汚染メバチ幽門垂の放射性物質の分析
    白井 和雄
    1958 年 23 巻 11 号 p. 735-737
    発行日: 1958/03/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Succeeding to the previous papers1)3), the radioelements in the pyrolic caeca of the same bigeyed tuna were analysed by column chromatography with an ion exchange resin, and seven radioactive fractions, F1-F7 were obtained (Fig. 1).
    F1 was further examined by the group separation method using carriers and the greater part of activity was detected in Group IIIA. The Al-absorption and decay curves of this group are shown in Figs. 2 and 3. The curves indicated that the nuclide in this fraction was Fe55.
    The Al-absorption and decay curves of the other fractions except F5 and F6 are also shown in Figs. 2 and 3. It was confirmed that the nuclides in F2, F3, F4 and F7 were Y90, Zn65, a mixture of Cd115m and Cd115m, and S190-Y90, respectively.
    The activity of F5 and F6 was very weak and short-living. These fractions were supposed to be Y90 originated from Sr90 in the interruption of elution.
  • 河合 清三
    1958 年 23 巻 11 号 p. 738-742
    発行日: 1958/03/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    In a previous paper (KAWAI, '56), the evidence was presented that the respiration of gill of marine lamellibranchs, such as the oyster (Crassostrea gigas) and the pearl oyster (Pinctada martensii), is mediated through the cytochrome system. Recently, JODREY and WILBUR ('55) suggested that the cytochrome system may not play a major role in the oxidation in the mantle of oyster. It therefore seemed appropriate to establish whether the cytochrome system functions or not as the terminal oxidase system in marine lamellibranch tissues other than the gill.
    This paper concerns the effects of inhibitors on the endogeneous respiration of various tissues of the oyster, the pearl oyster and the mussel (Mytilus crassitesta), and the identification of the cytochromes in the tissues.
    1. The respiration was strongly inhibited by 10-3 M cyanide, and the inhibition was partially reversed by 6×10-5 M methylene blue (Fig. 1 & 2). The inhibition degree of pearl oyster tissues was not so large compared with that of oyster.
    2. In the mixture of 90% CO and 10% 02, the oxygen uptake of lamellibranch tissues was inhibited by about 50% in the dark, and the inhibition was completely reversed by light (Fig. 3, 4 & 5).
    3. The reduced band of cytochrome b was detected in all tissues dexamined wheras the band a detected only in certain tissues by the spectroscopic examination (Table 1). The band c, however, could not be detected in lamellibranch tissues. A very strong pyridine hemochromogen band (560mμ), which is considered as the band of cytochrome b pyridine hemochrome, was readily obtained in every tissue examined.
    4. These results lead to the conclusion that the respiration of marine lamellibranch tissues other than the gill is also mediated through the cytochrome system.
  • 1958 年 23 巻 11 号 p. 744a
    発行日: 1958年
    公開日: 2008/04/22
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 1958 年 23 巻 11 号 p. 744b
    発行日: 1958年
    公開日: 2008/04/22
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 1958 年 23 巻 11 号 p. e1
    発行日: 1958年
    公開日: 2008/04/22
    ジャーナル フリー
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