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Volume 23, Issue 4
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
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Ryuzo MARUMO1957 Volume 23 Issue 4 Pages 187-190
Published: August 25, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the present paper, the plankton settling volume is treated for sea areas of the Pacific Ocean side of Japan in the four seasons of 1954. Plankton samples used were collected by 0-100m. vertical haul with O-nets, which are 36cm. in mouth diameter, 25cm. in side length of cone head and 100cm. in side length of filtering part of GG 54 bolting silk with 0.33mm. opening.
In areas east of Japan, the plankton settling volume is generally larger in the Oyashio region and the mixing region of the Kuroshio, Oyashio and coastal waters, north of the Kuroshio main current, than in the Kuroshio region, being 1-2 cc. per cubic meter in most samples. In May-July, the volume increases to more than 2 cc, in the former regions, and especially, to over 10 cc. in the Oyashio water near Hokkaido.
The settling volume of the Kuroshio water does not show any distinct difference between areas east and south of Japan, both being about 0.5-1.0 cc., and also it does not show any obvious seasonal variation. In warm water masses north of the Kuroshio main current, originated from the Kuroshio east of Japan, the settling volume is almost the same as or sometimes less than that in the Kuroshio water. In areas south of Japan, it is larger in the coastal region of the Kuroshio main current than in the offshore region.View full abstractDownload PDF (269K) -
Ryuzo MARUMO1957 Volume 23 Issue 4 Pages 191-194
Published: August 25, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the same way as in the survey made in 1954, of which result was already reported by the author as the first paper of the work, net-plankton samples were collected in the neighbouring seas of Japan in 1955 also, and the settling volume was measured. The result is almost similar to that in 1954.
In seas east of Japan, generally, the settling volume is larger in the Oyashio region and the mixed-water region north of the Kuroshio main current than in the Kuroshio region. It is remarkably varied seasonaly in the Oyashio. Namely, it increases to about 10 cc. per cubic meter in May-June and decreases to only 0.3-0.5 cc. in February-March, while it is 0.5-1.0 cc. in October-November, almost equal to that of the Kuroshio water. A tendency is found that contacting regions of the Oyashio with the Kuroshio or coastal waters are rich in plankton.
The plankton settling volumes of the Kuroshio water do not show any distinct difference between areas east and south of Japan, both being about 0.5-1.0 cc. In areas south of Japan, it increases in the coastal region north of the Kuroshio main current and often in the cold water region around 33°30'N, 137°30'E. In areas east of Japan, warm water masses originated from the Kuroshio water maintain the same volume of plankton as that in the Kuroshio. The seasonal variation is not very obvious, whereas the plankton seems to become abundant to some extent in areas of east Japan in May-June and south in February-March.View full abstractDownload PDF (261K) -
On the influence of the diluted sea water on the growth and maturity of ConchocelisHirosi YAMASAKI, Motonobu SITANAKA, Akinori FUKUHARA1957 Volume 23 Issue 4 Pages 195-198
Published: August 25, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt is said that the seed of Porphyra tenera KJELLM. (Asakusanori) in culture ground appears in more abundance or in earlier time when the water is salty So we studied on the influence of the sea water of various concentration on the formation of sporangium and the liberation of spore in the Conchocelis-phase. The results are as follows:
1) The growth of Conchocelis gets worse in dilute sea water than in the normal. The branching of filaments becomes scanty in low concentrated water.
2) The formation of sporangia is delayed in dilute sea water than in the normal in the beginning, but afterwards many sporangia are formed.
3) The liberation of the spore decreases in dilute sea water than in the normal.View full abstractDownload PDF (306K) -
Toshikazu HOSHINA, Tanekazu CHIBA1957 Volume 23 Issue 4 Pages 199-201
Published: August 25, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBacteriostatic effect of malachite green against the causative bacteria of the vibrio-disease of rainbow-trout was studied by following method.
A series of test tubes containing 0.0020-0.010mg malachite green (at 0.0005mg intervals) made by adding 0.1 cc aqueous solution of malachite green in concentration 0.02-0.10mg/cc, to 9.9 cc bouillon, was prepared. Several test tubes containing 9.9 cc bouil lon and 0.1 cc sterile distilled water served as control. These tubes were inoculated with a loopful of the bacteria from agar slope culture, which were suspended in physiological salt solution (2mg/10 cc) and they were cultured for 24 hours at 22°C.
The growth of the bacteria in each medicated tube was measured on comparision with that of the control tubes which were regarded as 100% growth.
The results obtained are as follows: The relation between the bacterial growth and malachite green concentration is shown in a sigmoid curve (Fig. 1).
The growth at the concentration of 0.002mg malachite green to 10 cc broth and that at 0.01mg to 10 cc. was 100% and 0%, respectively. The concentration of malachite green to check the growth of the bacteria in 50% was calculated as 0.0052mg/10 cc broth.
The details are compiled in the Table and Fig. 1.View full abstractDownload PDF (189K) -
Kojiro TANAKA1957 Volume 23 Issue 4 Pages 202-205
Published: August 25, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe shells of Ostrea denselamellosa were experimentally set near to the mature thalli of Porphyra tenera in the sea from Feb. 6 till Apr. 8 1956. Then the Conchocelis-phase of porphyra invaded within the shells was cultured in a laboratory tank till June 6, when the growth and distribution of Conchocelis was examined.
It was acknowledged that the Conchocelis grows in a greater number in the left valva than the right ones, and it distributes in most abundance in the section A of the shell, shown in Fig. 1 (Tab. 1).
As to the vertical distribution, the Conchocelis phase appears in every layer spreading from the sea surface to the bottom of about 250cm. in depth, and especially in abundance in 24-36cm. zone above the bottom. (Tab. 2).
As the chalky-deposit of the oyster shell becomes thinner where the surface layer of the shell shows dark violet color owing to the luxuriant growth of Conchocelis-filaments, it seems probable that the chalky-deposit has some close relation to the growth of the Conchocelis.View full abstractDownload PDF (276K) -
Oxidation of Vitamin A by the Extract of Some Fish LiverToyoki ONO, Fumio NAGAYAMA1957 Volume 23 Issue 4 Pages 206-210
Published: August 25, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThat the loss of vitamin A content during the storage of fish liver was markedly affected by the temperature and seemed to be caused by a catalytic action of a certain enzyme system was previously reported by the present authors1).
The authors, now, observed the enzymatic action of the extract of fish liver in the oxidation of vitamin A, and attempted to determine the identity of the soybean lipoxidase and an enzyme in fish liver.
Though our experiment, following facts were found: the vitamin A oxidizing enzyme in fish liver was a lyo-form and was found not only in mackerel liver but in perch liver. The absorption spectra of vitamin A oxidized by the liver enzyme showed the flattening of peak at 328 mμ in our experiments as same as in the usual by air oxidation. The enzyme possessed a special thermal property as having more activity at 60°C. A large quantity of liver oil inhibited the enzyme activity at room temperature, but at higher temperature the activity began to develop by breaking down of inhibitants. The higher fatty acids seemed to be less oxidized in the states of glyceride by the enzyme. The enzyme had many similar properties to the soybean lipoxidase but showed different value from the soybean enzyme in the optimum pH.View full abstractDownload PDF (325K) -
Lipoxidase Action of Liver and Dark MuscleToyoki ONO, Fumio NAGAYAMA1957 Volume 23 Issue 4 Pages 211-214
Published: August 25, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCarotenoids are oxidized secondarily by the peroxide of linoleate which has been formed by the soybean lipoxidase. As for the oxidation of linoleate by animal tissues, there are some investigators postulating that it might be caused by heme compounds in the tissues, while others are of opinion that the lipoxidase action in animal tissue is essential.
Present authours, observing the oxidation of β-catotene by the extracts of liver and dark muscle of fish, found that these tissues oxidize β-carotene in the presence of linoleate. The optimum pH for the reaction was found to be at 6.98 which differs from the optimum pH for the β-carotene-bleaching activity of hemoglobin. As for the optimum temperature, two values were found for liver extract: 14° and 45°C. From this result, it seems likely that the prerent extract contained two components which catalyze the oxidation of β-carotene at different temperatures.View full abstractDownload PDF (218K) -
I. Attempts at Experimentally Rendering Shell-Fish ToxicMasao MIGITA, Koichi KANNA1957 Volume 23 Issue 4 Pages 215-221
Published: August 25, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRegarding causes of yearly appearance of poisonous shell-fish at the Lake Hamana, an assumption proposed by NOGUCHI is that some harmful substances formed at the bottom layer of the central area of the lake in summer might rise to the surface by convection of water in autumn and flow down to the mouth of the lake to be incidentally taken by shell-fish.
This assumption can succesfully explain the reason why appearance of poisonous shell-fish is restricted to the areas along the water-routes (cf. Fig. 1), as well as to winter and early spring.
Another fact which likely supports the assumption is this. In summer water exchange by vertical mixing at the central area of the lake is so small that oxygen becomes deficient already at a depth of 6m. and absent below 8m.
If the assumption is correct, (1) It might be possible to render experimentally shell-fish poisonous by transplanting them to the central part of the lake, and (2) There may exist any coincidence between the result of the transplantation in autumn and appearance of toxic shell-fish at the southern area in the following season.
It is also important to know whether the shell-fish can take in poison from the surrounding water.
Results
1. Oyster transplanted at the lake center in autumn 1951 was found poisonous when recovered, while another group of the shell-fish kept for the same period in another part (station F in Fig. 1) of the lake was not. From January to March 1952 high toxicity was detected in shell-fish sampled at the mouth of the lake (Table 1). Out of four experiments two cases showed the paralellism between the result of the transplantation and the subsequent occurrence of the poisonous shell-fish as expected.
Toxicity of shell-fish in the mouth of the lake seems, however, to depend largly on hydrographical conditions of this area which in turn seem to be determined by the width of Imakiri Channel (Fig. 1 Station A). It must be born in mind, therefore, that if one fails to detect the toxic shell-fish in winter, transplantation experiments carried out in the previous autumn may not always provide a reliable criterion to the assumption.
2. In order to know whether the toxic substance is adsorbed on the bottom mud of the central area, short-neck clam was kept in a pot containing the mud for about two weeks, but they did not become poisonous (Table 2). No definite conclusion, however, can be drawn from this experiment because no toxicity was detected in the southern part in the following poison season.
3. Short-neck clam was kept in sea water containing shell-fish poison (Venerupin), the poison add ?? d into sea water was neither detected in the liver of the shell-fish, nor could be recovered from the water (Table 3). Decomposition of the poison by bacteria cannot explain the phenomenon, since no poison could as well be recovered, even immediately after being added, from sea water. It seems that the poison may undergo such a change as to lose the activity during isolation from sea water.View full abstractDownload PDF (529K) -
Electrophoretic Characteristics of Red Muscle Myoglobin and Blood HemoglobinFumio MATSUURA, Kanehisa HASHIMOTO1957 Volume 23 Issue 4 Pages 222-226
Published: August 25, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMetmyoglobin (MMb), prepared from the red muscle of tuna, Parathunnus sibi, after SCHMID6), was analyzed electrophoretically by means of the TISELIUS apparatus and it was found that this preparation was not homogeneous except for around the isoelectric point (Fig. 1): in addition to the main component a minute one was discerned, the mobility of which differed from that of tuna methemoglobin (MHb) at any pH (Table 1) and was removed unsuccessfully by repeating recrystallization. Horse heart MMb, tested for reference, behaved in the same way at pH 6.0 (Fig. 2 and Table 1). It is uncertain at present whether this minute or small component is the secondary product from Mb or not.
Similarly in cases of MHb's of tuna and horse, were observed plural components, the relative amounts of which were, however, fairly close in contrast with the cases of MMb's.
The electrophoretic mobility of tuna MMb is very small at least in the pH region covered in this experiment: e.g., in the phosphate buffer (containing 0.05 M NaCl, ?? /2 0.15, pH 7.3) the mobility of tuna MMb is about one half of horse's, one seventh of carp's8), and one fifth of turtle's9).
The isoelectric point of tuna MMb was observed at pH 6.8, which agrees with HUYS, finding11) while that of tuna MHb at pH 5.8 (Fig. 3).View full abstractDownload PDF (370K) -
Chinkichi OGINO, Michizo SUYAMA1957 Volume 23 Issue 4 Pages 227-229
Published: August 25, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDeveloping trout eggs and growing young fishes at various stages have been analyzed in respect of amino acid composition of their total proteins (Table 1). The results obtained are as follows:
1) Regarding the amino acid composition of unfertilized egg protein, there is little difference between the rainbow trout and the brook trout.
2) The development of rainbow trout egg shows little change in the amino acid composition of the total protein.
3) In the period from hatching out of the egg to the first feeding of the fry, body protein undergoes some variation in amino acid composition, among which decrease of alanine and increase of glycine are most remarkable.
4) The amino acid composition of body-protein of fingerlings, however, does not exhibit any appreciable variation during their growth, except as to glycine content.
5) On the basis of the amino acid composition of body-protein found for growing fingerling, a brief discussion has been made regarding the most suitable amino acid composition of the dietprotein for fingerling of rainbow trout.View full abstractDownload PDF (238K) -
Contents of Free Amino Acids in the Laver, Porphyra teneraYasuhiko TSUCHIYA, Takashi SASAKI1957 Volume 23 Issue 4 Pages 230-233
Published: August 25, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the previous paper, we have reported that the amounts of glycine and alanine in the laver, Porphyra tenera, vary with the season and attain to the maxima in January.
In the present work, the authors have determined the quantities of various free amino acids in the laver by using the method of microbiological assay. As shown in Table 1, glycine, alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, proline, phenylalanine, serine, threonine, arginine, lysine, aspartic acid and glutamic acid were determined but tyrosine, tryptophan, methionine and histidine were not recognized. It is noticed that there are large amounts of some sweet or flavorous amino acids such as alanine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, glycine, threonine, proline and phenylalanine in the laver.
It was also found that the contents of glycine, alanine and glutamic acid in the laver reared at Matsushima Bay increased from autumn to winter and reached to the maxima at the last decade of December or beginning of January and thereafter decreased until March as shown in Table 2 and Fig. 1.View full abstractDownload PDF (243K)
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