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24 巻, 1 号
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川田 三郎, 田原 陽三, 吉牟田 長生1958 年 24 巻 1 号 p. 1-4
発行日: 1958年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe swimming speed of fish schools passing through the entrance of a set net has been calculated on the basis the recorded figures on a linear system fish finder. The methods used for the calculation are as follows.
When the transmitting and receiving oscillators are fixed slantingly downwards to the entrance of a set net (Fig. 1), the recorded figure of fish schools passing through the entrace of the net may be estimated in a line as indicated figure 2. If we set the angle of inclination of recorded figure “ab” towards the axis of time “T” is represented by “α”, the approximate swimming speed “S” of fish schools will be formulated as
S ?? (v/h)tanαsecγ
where S: swimming speed of fish schools,
v: conveying velocity of recording paper,
h: reduced scale of recorded figures,
α: the angle of inclination of recorded figure toward the axis “T”,
γ: the angle of inclination formed by the projecting direction of ultrasonicwave and water surface.
As the result of field test which was carried out at night applying the above method to a set net commercially operated for horse-mackerel. The swimming speed of the fish schools horizontally swimming in and out of the net has been estimated to range from 0.05 to 0.55m/sec (Table 1 and Fig. 5).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (323K) -
小池 篤, 神田 献二, 小倉 通男1958 年 24 巻 1 号 p. 5-8
発行日: 1958年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe behaviours of a rainbow trout school in the neighbourhood of experimental net was observed, leading to a conclusion summarized as follows:
1) The colours of net examined were blue-green (mizu-iro), cutch-brown (katti-iro), and gray (usuzumi-iro). Offensive effect of these colours upon the fish passage increased in the daytime in the order: blue-green<gray<cutch-brown (Tables 1, 2).
2) Another order prevailed in the twilight hour: gray<blue green<cutch-brown. This suggests that also the weather makes an influential factor (Table 3).
3) As to the colour of net there holds in the twilight some parallelism between the visibility of a net to human eye and the tendency of fish entanglement in that net (Table 3).
From these results it may be presumed that as a salmon net operated usually all night cutch-brown net will not efficiently catch the fish.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (261K) -
小池 篤1958 年 24 巻 1 号 p. 9-12
発行日: 1958年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーSalmon gill-nets intentionally coloured blue-green (mizu-iro), cutch-brown (katti-iro), and gray (usuzumi-iro), respectively, were examined in an actual operation on the fishing ground in the northern waters. Counting the fish coming entangled in each coloured net, it was found that the fish-entangling abilities of these nets arrange in the following order: gray=bluegreen>cutch-brown (Figs. 2 and 3; Tables 1 and 2).
Since the present results deal with some different kinds of salmon and trout all together, a further examination will be necessary with each fish species separately, and also with various degrees of lightness in water.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (243K) -
神田 献二1958 年 24 巻 1 号 p. 13-15
発行日: 1958年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーTo infer the vertical distribution of various fishes, the author pickes up such data that allows to deal with both otter and pair trawlers, various fishes, and fishing operations made concurrently under equivalent conditions in similar parts or sections of a fishing ground. Such data has appeared in the year 1953 regarding the monthly catch by otter trawl in the East China Sea and the Yellow Sea. They seem to be sufficiently available by reason of their greatness for various fish species. From these data were calculated out the ratio of fishing, the mean catch per drag, COT and CPT for otter trawl and pair trawl, respectively, the value of COT/CPT, and the converted value of COT/CPT for equivalent sweep area (Table 1 and Fig. 1).
Through such numerations the author has arrived at the conclusion that the snapper, Taius tumifrons (T. & S.), the crimson seabream, Evynnis japonica TANAKA, the long tailed snapper, Nemipterus virgatus (HOUTTUYN), the lizard fish, Saurida tumbil (BLOCH), swim at shallow depths while the ribbon fish, Trichiurus lepturus LINNÉ, the large croaker, Argyrosomus japonica (T. & S.), swim at greater depths very near the sea bottom and the croaker, Miichthys imbricatus (MATSUBARA), the yellow croaker, Pseudosciaena manchurica (J. & T.), the black croaker, Argyrosomus nibe (J. & T.), the flat head, Ptatycephalus indicus (LINNÉ), are distributed at the height of about 1 meter from the sea-bottom.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (213K) -
保護網の各種要因変化による浮子の抵抗変化谷口 武夫1958 年 24 巻 1 号 p. 16-18
発行日: 1958年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn order to make clear how the resistance of glass floats covered with shelter-nets made of the two-hold twines varies with the difference of the net (e. i. materials, diameters of netting cord, size of mesh, and direction of the float), a series of measurements was pursued. The results obtained are summerized as follows:
1) The rate of increase of resistance due to the sheltering with net is proportional to the diameter of the netting cord. (Fig. 1)
2) The drag coefficient varies considerably, within the range of small meshes, with the difference of meshes. But it is practically constant when the size of mesh exceeds 7.5cm. (Fig. 2)
3) The difference of drag coefficient by kinds of materials of the shelter-net is insignificant practically. Namely, the drag coefficient of the floats covered with textiles having fluffy or rough surface, such as CREMONA and MANILA twines, is measured only 10% larger than that of SARAN and COTTON twines having smooth surface.
4) The drag coefficient of floats may be increased proportionally with angle which the direction of current makes with the axes passed through the two selvage-ends of the covering net. But the difference is about 10% at maximum, which is insignifficant practically.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (130K) -
次亜塩素酸ソーダによる寒天製造用ヨシ簣の殺菌について藤澤 浩明, 助川 輝武1958 年 24 巻 1 号 p. 19-23
発行日: 1958年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn the previous paper, the authors indicated that causative microörganisms in the spoilage of agar and its intermediate product “tokoroten” were substantially derived from the tainted reed mats during agar processing, and consequently it was necessary for manufactures to sterilize reed mats in order to prevent “tokoroten” and agar from spoilage in the mild winter.
In the present paper, the authors examined the effect of sodium hypochlorite on the disinfection of reed mats in various conditions, and obtained the following results.
(1) It is most effective practically to soak reed mats in 140-280ppm (as available chlorine) sodium hypochlorite solution for 30-60 minutes (Ref., Tables 3, 4 and 5).
(2) Considerable amounts of available chlorine in sodium hypochlorite solution are consumed extremely at every time of the soaking, and consequently it is necessary to supply the shortage of disinfectant at every time of the soaking (Ref., Table 6).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (359K) -
魚体におけるコハク酸脱水素酵素の分布と魚種による差異について福田 博業1958 年 24 巻 1 号 p. 24-28
発行日: 1958年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーSince succinic dehydrogenase is an important enzyme in the TCA-cycle, tricarboxylic acid cyde of KREBS, high activity of the enzyme in any tissues implies that they constitute very active organs in the metabolic oxidation-reduction system.
The activity of succinic dehydrogenase of various fish was estimated by the colorimetric method1) using 2, 6-Dichlorophenolindo-o-chlorophenol. A remarkable activity of succinic dehydrogenase was found in the dark meat and liver of most fish studied. The activity of the enzyme was highest in the dark meat, being about 1-2 times as high as that in the liver, and 5-10 times the strength of that in the ordinary meat of the same sample of pelagic fish.
The succinic dehydrogenase activity of the pelagic fish was higher than that of the other nonpelagic fish and fresh water fish. The E-values for the pelagic fish were as follows; 100-40 in dark meat, 50-30 in liver, 25-15 in kidney, 16-8 in gill, and 10-5 in ordinary meat. The E-values for nonpelagic fish were as follows; 24-16 in liver, 14-2 in kidney, 13-1 in gill, and 5-1 in ordinary meat.
These data indicate that oxydo-reductive metabolism is highly active in the dark meat and liver of pelagic fish. The high activity of the enzyme in these tissues may be intimately connected with the migratory habit of pelagic fish, undoubtedly.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (365K) -
松本 重一郎1958 年 24 巻 1 号 p. 29-36
発行日: 1958年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリー1) As far as the salting-in curve is concerned, it appeared that 2 or 3 components are contained in M-actomyosin preparation obtained by adding KCl to the streaming birefringent aqueous extract of squid muscle. Among these components, Component I which is least soluble in lower ionic strengths (I) was found to be responsible for the characteristic responses to ATP and thus was inferred to be M-actomyosin.
2) Observations were made and discussed on the purification of Component I by reprecipitation. Thus it was inferred that reprecipitation is useful for purification, but that it is questionable if the purification was complete or not. It was also found that Component I is considerably unstable and is apt to change its solubility behaviors which is not the case with rabbit and carp actomyosins.
3) The salting-in range of M-actomyosin of squid was found to cover I = 0.2 ?? 0.5. In this respect, it appeared not very different from rabbit or carp actomyosins.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (923K) -
魚肉中のヒスタミンの簡易検出法太田 冬雄1958 年 24 巻 1 号 p. 37-40
発行日: 1958年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーSimple method for the detection of histamine in fish muscle, based on the extraction of histamine azo-compound with organic solvent, was presented. When p-nitroaniline was used for the preparation of diazo-reagent, using ethyl-acetate as a extracting agent, histamine azocompound was easily transfered into the ester and separated from that of histidine. And furthermore the azo-compound of almost all the diazo-reaction positive substances presumably contained in fish muscle was also kept free from being transfered into the ester. At the high concentratation of histidine, histidine azo-compound slightly passed into the ester, but it was possible to remove this by treating with dilute alkaline solution.
Detection procedure was summarized as follows: Fish muscle extract was obtained by shaking and filtering after being added 20 volumes of water (or succesively 10 volumes of water and of 5% CCl3COOH). To 1.0 cc. of the extract, was added 2.0 cc. of 2.0% Na2CO3. To the above solution, was added 1 cc. of diazo-reagent. After brief standing, 7 cc. of ethylacetate was added to it and its solution was shaken vigorously. Histamine concentration was measured roughly from the intensity of rose color of ester layer. Diazo-reagent was freshly prepared by adding 0.1 cc. of 5% NaNO2 to 5 cc. of 0.1% p-nitroaniline in O.l N HCI solution, and it was used immediately after preparation.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (293K) -
魚肉中のヒスタミンの迅速定量法太田 冬雄1958 年 24 巻 1 号 p. 41-44
発行日: 1958年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーA simple, rapid and colorimetric method for the estimation of histamine, based on the extraction of histamine azo-compound with ethyl acetate, was presented. Coloration of histamine with diazo-reagent in ice bath, was stable and reproducible, and the intensity of histamine was proportional to the concentration of histamine, showing linear relation within the range from 1 to 20γ. Many well-known substances, in the amount that might be contained in fish muscle, scarcely interfered with the method. Histamine added to fish extract was recovered with satisfactory results. Applications on several species of fish muscle showed as good results as those obtained by other recent method.
Analytical procedure was summarized as follows:
Fish muscle extract was obtained by shaking and filtering, after being added succesively 10 volumes of water and of 5% CCl3COOH. One cc. of the extract was neutralized with 0.5% NaOH and made to 2 cc. with water and then 1 cc. of 4% Na2CO3 was added to it. To the above solution, placed in ice bath over for 3 minutes, was added 1 cc. of ice-cooled diazo-reagent and the solution was kept in ice bath. After cooling it for 3 minutes almost exactly, 7 cc. of ethyl acetate was added to it and its solution was shaken vigorously for approximately 30 seconds. After brief standing, almost all of ester layer was taken and shaken with 5 cc. of about 0.1% Na2CO3. After letting it stand, upper portion was taken and dried with granular anhydrous Na2SO4. Rose color of ester solution was immediately measured in colorimeter (filter 500mμ, cell 10mm.). Diazo-reagent was freshly prepared by adding 0.2 cc. of 5% NaNO2 to 10 cc. of ice cooled 0.1% p-nitroaniline in 0.1 N HCl solution and in advance of its use it had to be kept in ice water.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (284K) -
塩素化の条件と生成物の性状について鈴木 康策1958 年 24 巻 1 号 p. 45-50
発行日: 1958年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーTo open a new use of fish oil, the author obtains by chlorination of this material a resinlike substance that seems promising to be used as a main ingredient of coating like varnish.
Fish oil dissolved in carbontetrachloride is bubbled by a current of chlorine gas till no more chlorination goes on. The oil should have been refined with alkali beforhand; for, free fatty acids exert bad influence upon the yield and the solidity of the product.
The successful product is a white odorless powder that is soluble in most organic solvents except lower alcohols and ligroin. Though it is said that a highly chlorinated oil is unstable and sets free hydrogen chloride at ordinary temperature, the present product with about 60% chlorine is stable and considerably acidproof in usual conditions. It decomposes on heating to some extent and grows brown. When strongly heated, it decomposes to smoking, but not to burning. Its solution in toluene, for example, is quite transparent, slightly yellow and yields glossy, water-proof film with a high volume resistivity. It is durable to weathering tests and not corrosive at least toward iron, copper, and aluminium.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (415K) -
ミオシン区蛋白の沈澱性状の時間的変化右田 正男, 松本 重一郎, 青江 憲道, 最首 とみ子1958 年 24 巻 1 号 p. 51-58
発行日: 1958年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIt was found in preliminary experiments that “myosins” of squid muscle are apt to become soluble at lower ionic strengths (I) and often escape from estimation (Table 1). The present work was planned to comfirm this and to find factors involved in this change.
The muscles of different freshness were extracted with KCl-phosphate buffer of I=0.6 and pH ?? 7.5, myosins in the extract being determined by dilution method in three ways, immediately after the extraction, after keeping it at 30°C. for 2 hr., and after 2 day cold storage. In every case, myosins were precipitated at pH 6.5, 7 and also 9 (Fig. 1).
Myosins of squid was found to become less precipitable, unless the extract was diluted immediately after extraction. This change was more marked in media of pH higher than 7, and when the used muscle was not fresh (Figs. 3 and 4). Consequently in determination of myosins in squid muscle, myosins should be precipitated immediately after extraction and at pH near and not excceeding 7.
Observation of streaming birefringence of the extract suggested that asymmetry of dissolved proteins might hardly change even under the above condition which causes decrease of precipitability of myosins in the extract.
With carp muscle, on the other hand, no such marked change in amount of precipitating myosins was observed (Figs. 6 and 7).
?? A protein fraction which precipitates at lower ionic strenghts (I=0.05-0.2) from saltextracts was called here “myosins”.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (539K)
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