巻号一覧
25 巻, 1 号
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杉浦 靖夫1959 年 25 巻 1 号 p. 1-6
発行日: 1959/05/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe rate of occurrence of sexually mature individuals of Mytilus edulis was the lowest in August and rose to almost 100% when the water temperature came down to about 18°C. (October-November).
Seasonal change in maturity based on Chipperfield's classification of stages was as follows:
July-August: Stage 0, August-September: Stage I, September-November: Stage II, November-April: Stage III, May-July: Recently spent Stage.
The minimum size of the mussels sexually mature was found to be 23-24mm in shell length. In one exceptional individual measuring only 10mm. in shell length, the spermatozoa were motile in sea water.
Maturation process of young mussels was comparatively slow.
Sex ratio varied in accordance with age. As a rule, among fully grown individuals, more females were encounted than males, although among extremely large individuals, the sex ratio again approached 1:1.
Ten hermaphrodite mussels were found and these were interpreted as cases of accidental hermaphroditism.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1383K) -
三谷 文夫1959 年 25 巻 1 号 p. 7-11
発行日: 1959/05/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn the present paper is described the state of those yellowtails having been caught which usually come migrating to the waters around Hokkaido and is also discussed the relation between this fish stock and another migrating to the Tsushima Islands, based upon the daily records of yellowtails which were caught in trap-nets along different coasts of Japan during the five years from 1953 to 1957.
Larger yellowtails (> class 7, as shown in Fig. 1) are caught in shoals during the months from July to November, especially in autumn, in trap-nets off the western coast of Hokkaido (Fig. 1 and Table 1), and it is sometimes so with the Pacific coast of the Toshima Peninsula in Hokkaido and the Japan Sea coast of Aomori Prefecture (Fig. 1), but it is not so with the other regions of Japan, excepting the Tsushima Islands which are located at the gate of the Japan Sea, as described in details in our previous paper (MITANI. 1959). The writer has herein taken into consideration the relationship between those two stocks, one being a stock of yellowtails caught off Hokkaido and the other, a stock of the same fish caught off the Tsushima Islands.
The courses of the Tsushima Current in the Japan Sea are semidiagrammatically shown in Fig. 2. As is seen in Fig. 2, in the Japan Sea the contact zone is remarkably formed, extending from off the eastern coast of Korea to off the western coast of Hokkaido across the central part of the Sea, which is the habitation for such fishes as cods, saury, sardines, mackerels, pampanos and even some squids. Most of these are favourite preys for the yellowtail. Judging from the current conditions and habit of fish, yellowtails, which come back to the Korean Straits after spawning in the East China Sea in spring, migrate north looking for food probably along the contact zone where plenty of food for them is found. Some of the fish may reach the western region off Hokkaido. Accordingly, the Hokkaido Ground is presumed to be connected with the Tsushima Ground, with the contact zone lying across the Japan Sea intervening between them. In other words, those two stocks of yellowtails which have been referred to in the preceding paragraph probably belong to the same population.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (414K) -
井上 実1959 年 25 巻 1 号 p. 12-16
発行日: 1959/05/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe behaviour of skipjack shoals has often been studied since many years ago on the basis of the data of angle fishery.
As regards seine fishery data, in turn, they have also become available recently for skipjack and tuna made a rapid progress on the coast of the north eastern sea areas of Japan.
Therefore, in this paper, the relation of behaviours of skipjack and tuna to their catch and also the relation of grouping of fish in shoals to their catch were studied from the data of seine fishery.
The difference in catching power was also pursued between one boat seine and two boats seine.
The species of fish treated in this paper are blue-fin-tuna, young-tuna, yellow-fin-tuna, sword-fish, skipjack and their mixed shoal.
1) The values of the catching ratio (ƒ) and catch (c), which were calculated for three ranks of grouping, namely, Great-, intermediate-, and small shoals, and for various species of shoals are indicated in Table 4. Showing this table, the values of ƒ of small shoals in various species are higher than those of large shoals.
2) The type of shoals has been sorted into nine classes from the viewpoint of their characteristic behaviours as described in Table 5. The typle corresponding to good catching ratio was found one of the so-called “shoal with baits” indifferent of species to shoals and this finding forms a contrast against the case of angle fishery.
3) There was found a little difference in catch per hauling between one boat seine and two boats seine.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (331K) -
草下 孝也1959 年 25 巻 1 号 p. 17-21
発行日: 1959/05/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーOn the Tachibana Bay of Nagasaki Prefecture purse sein anchovy fisheries, using lights, is carried on (Fig. 1). The author investigated the fish gathering effects of lamps. One Incandescent lamp of 2 KW, (1 KW, 2 globes, D. C. 100-120 V) was generally used another Fluorescent mercury-vapour lamp of 2 KW, (1 KW, 2 globes 100 V, A. C. 60 cycles) was specially prepared for this experiment with a 6 KW A. C. dynamo on a boat (Plates). The author compared the submarine illumination under each lamp and also the fish gathering effects of each lamp.
The fish gathering effect of the mercury vapour lamp was better than the incandescent lamp. This was especially true during the early period after lighting, when fishes of comparatively medium length gathered (scomber and so on). In this case the fishery was mainly for anchovy. The fish school that gathered under the mercury-vapour lamp were swimming actively. However, during the later stages on the illumination of the mercury-vapour lamp it was found necessary either to weaken the illumination to change the lamp to the incandescent variety or find some means by which the illumination of the mercury-vapour lamp could be maintained.
The author supposes that the effective illumination for the gathering of anchovy is below 0.1 Lux. The illumination of the mercury lamp is about 30% more than that of the incandescent lamp and this is proportional to one dimension of length in water. (Figs. 2 & 3).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1122K) -
本間 輝武1959 年 25 巻 1 号 p. 22-26
発行日: 1959/05/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーUnder conditions in which insulin molecule has a maximal positive charge, comparison of paper chromatographic and paper electrophoretic behaviors was performed between fish and beef insulins. In 33 per cent acetic acid fish insulin migrates faster than beef insulin, whereas it shows lower Rf when is chromatographed using acetic acid-butanol-water (1:3:4) solvent.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1674K) -
松本 重一郎1959 年 25 巻 1 号 p. 27-37
発行日: 1959/05/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリー1) The actomyosin preparation isolated from the squid mantle muscle was subjected to electrophoresis at an ionic strength of 0.4 and pH 7.2 (NaCl-phosphate buffer), three components with the mobilities, -5.1×, -4.1×, and -3.2×(ascending limb), -4.4×, -3.7×, and -3.0×10-6 cm2./V. sec. (descending limb), respectively, being observed usually. It appeared a characteristic of the squid actomyosin-like protein that the electrophoretic homogeneity is less readily attained by isolating procedure, while actomyosins of the rabbit and carp readily give a single pattern. However, in few examples of the squid, preparations showing a single peak of the fastest were obtained.
2) By comparing the electrophoretic patterns of different samples obtained after different periods of dialysis, and results of various experiments, a tentative interpretation was presented as follows:
Component 1, the fastest, is the actomyosin-like protein of the squid muscle, which shows high viscosity and its ATP-response. The actomyosin-like protein of the squid is higher in mobility than the ones of rabbit and carp actomyosins.
Component 2, the middle-speeded, is an artefact which is derived from Component 1 during dialysis and electrophoresis. Component 2 might correspond to tropomyosin.
With the nature of Component 3, the slowest, no reasonable explanation is obtained.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2579K) -
松本 重一郎1959 年 25 巻 1 号 p. 38-43
発行日: 1959/05/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリー1) Some electrophoretic study was made on M-actomyosin, an actomyosin-like protein obtained from aqueous extract of the squid muscle. The actomyosin-like pre-paration showed an electrophoretic diagram including two or three peaks, which is similar to that of the actomyosin-like protein from salt extract of the squid muscle. Also in respect of the electrophoretic mobility each component corresponded with each other in both cases. So the two actomyosin-like protein, the one from aqueous extract and another from salt extract of the squid muscle, including the accompanying proteins, were found to be identical. There was found an indication that Component 2, the middle-speeded is rather scanty in the case with the protein from aqueous extract.
2) When a precipitate of the actomyosin-like protein from salt-extract was extracted repeatedly with water, a better part of the protein moved into solution. Moreover, marked streaming birefringence (SB) was found in the extracts as the case with the repeated aqueous extraction of the squid muscle. On the contrary, SB was never found in the case with carp actomyosin, whereas nearly half of the used actomyosin of the carp was brought in solution.
3) From these experimental bases, it was proposed that the actomyosin-like protein which occupies the dominant part of the squid muscle proteins should be referred to as “M-actomyosin” no matter whether it is isolated from salt extract or from aqueous extract.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1389K) -
無機成分について高橋 喬1959 年 25 巻 1 号 p. 44-47
発行日: 1959/05/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn the previous paper entitled “Studies on the Complete Utilization of Whole Fish”1), 2) it was shown that the cuttle-fish viscera seems to be a good material as domestic fowl feed, from the results of investigation of amino acid composition and B-vitamins contents in the viscera. In this paper, inorganic substances in the cuttle-fish viscera were determined and the following results were obtained.
1. As to the qualitative analysis, the cationic elements - Cu, Fe, Al, Zn, Mn, Mg, Ca, Na, K-, the anionic elements-Cl, P, S, I-were detected. Besides these, a trace element which seems to be Cd was found. (Table 2)
2. The results of determination of these elements are shown in Table 3. It is noticeable that contents of Zn, Mn, Cu in the viscera of cuttle-fish are higher than those in fish meat and mollusc meat. There seems to be some difference in the contents of other elements among the viscera and meats.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (243K) -
須山 三千三1959 年 25 巻 1 号 p. 48-51
発行日: 1959/05/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーDeterminations of some biochemical components and of amino acid composition of protein in aquatic vertebrate and invertebrate eggs have been undertaken from the comparative biochemical point of view. To begin with, matured ovarian eggs of rainbow trout (Salmo irideus), dog-salmon (Oncorhynchus keta), spiny dogfish (Squalus suckleyi), oval squid (Sepioteuthis lessoaiana), sea-hare (Dolabella auricula), and spiny lobster (Panulirus japonicus) were examined. Results obtained are shown in Tables 1 and 2.
The biochemical composition of egg varies, generally, with species of animals in respect of the contents of water, protein, lipides, ashes, etc. The amino acid composition of protein, as determined by ion exchanger chromatography, is not always the same according to the source of the sample: The rainbow trout eggs and dog-salmon eggs are rich in the amounts of alanine, phenylalanine, valine, but poor in the amount of glycine, the spiny dogfish eggs are rich in arginine, proline, serine, but poor in tyrosine, the oval squid eggs are rich in aspartic acid, isoleucine, lysine, threonine, tyrosine, but poor in proline, the sea-hare eggs are rich in aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, proline, but poor in histidine, and the spiny lobster eggs are rich in aspartic acid, glycine, histidine, but poor in leucine, methionine and serine.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (261K) -
ChromatographyによるA濃縮物の吟味新間 弥一郎, 田中 稔1959 年 25 巻 1 号 p. 52-58
発行日: 1959/05/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーOf a series of our works, this report is concerened to the chromatographical analysis of vitamin concentrate. The purpose of the chromatography is to clarify the nature of the concentrate and obtain the data necessary for the further concentration. The followings are the outlines of our experiment.
I) Vitamin concentrates obtained by the saponification method were divided into three fractions by the use of chromatographical technique. The qualities and the contents of nonvitamin substances in the fractions were examined (Tables 1, 2, 5 and Figs. 2, 4, 5).
The chromatographic column used, is shown in Fig. 1. As adsorbents, Merk's alumina weakened by 3.3% methanol is used. Dissolve 0.3 gr. of unsaponifiable matter in light petroleum to pass through the column and then elute by different solvents into the following three fractions.
Fraction I is developed with light petroleum to make the total volume of solvent 50ml. It contains anhydrovitamin A and other hydrocarbons.
Fraction II is developed with benzene containing 5% methanol, to make the total volume of solvent 50ml, and contains vitamins, sterols, and other mono-, and dihydric-alcohols.
Fraction III is the residue remaining in the column.
II) Maleic anhydride reacts rapidly on conjugated double bonds in vitamin A and other compounds in unsaponifiable matter. Samples of concentrates were treated with maleic anhydride in benzene for six hours on boiling water bath. After saponified, unsaponifiable matter was extrated with ether. The extracts having no conjugated double bonds, were also divided into three fractions by the chromatographical method mentioned above (Tables 3 and 6).
After comparing the result with that of original concentrates (Tables 1 and 5), the weight percent diagrams of vitamin concentrates were obtained (Fig. 6).
III) The same chromatographical analysis was applied to each molecular distillate of vitamin concentrate (Tables 4, 5, 6, and Fig. 3). From the result, it was ascertained that molecular distillation was very useful to refine the concentrate and to remove non vitamin materials, having conjugated double bonds. But the method is not applicable to removing compounds with no conjugated double bonds, for the distillate contains the compounds as much as original concentrate (Figs. 6 and 7).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (474K) -
メタノールを使用してA濃縮物を精製する方法東 秀雄, 山川 健重, 金子 徳五郎, 杉井 麒三郎1959 年 25 巻 1 号 p. 59-66
発行日: 1959/05/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn succession to the previous experiments on this subject, technological improvement has been saught to concentrate vitamin A to a higher level and free from odor. In the present work a method for treating vitamin A concentrate with aqueous methanol under specific conditions has been successful in eliminating fishy smell as well as hydrocarbon from the previous product. The color of the refined substance was found improved to some extent.
Therefore, the method may be recommended as an approach to industrially refining vitamin A concentrate at a reduced cost. The following are the procedures of and the results from the experiments.
1) Different amounts and strengths of methanol were added to each sample of vitamin A concentrate shown in Table 1. The mixture was boiled until the solution was formed. After cooling over night, separated methnol soluble fraction was decanted and evaporated. Vitamin A was concentrated in this fraction, while vitamin D in another insoluble with methanol (Tables 2, 4 and 8).
2) Of the various procedures compared as to the refining efficiency, the most effective was found to be a twice-repeating treatment (a method) with 90% methanol 20 times as much as the vitamin A sample-the second treatment extracting the vitamin A from the residue of the first-(Table 3).
3) In determining the effect of the vitamin A material from different species of fish, a method was compared with b in which petroleum ether solution was extracted with methanol. Although the results were somewhat variable depending on the samples, the recovery of the vitamin A concentrate was greater in a method than in b, while the rate of concentration was vice versa (Table 5).
4) The methanol soluble fraction obtained by both methods was subjected to chromatographic determination with a view to separating the material into three fractions as it was chromatographed in the alumina column. Upon measuring the weights and vitamin A levels of the eluted fractions it was revealed that the components of impurities to be eliminated were variable even in the same procedure likely depending on species of fish used for the vitamin A sample (Tables 6, 7 and Fig. 1).
5) Vitamin D was separated at a high level in the methanol insoluble fraction (Table 8). It is suggested, therefore, that the method with some improvement may be adopted for separating the liveroil of some species into vitamin A and vitamin D.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (509K) -
CTCを併用したサケ塩蔵品中のCTC残存量および製品の品質向上富山 哲夫, 米 康夫1959 年 25 巻 1 号 p. 67-71
発行日: 1959/05/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe aims of this paper is to study the effectiveness of chlortetracycline (CTC)-treatment in quality improvement of salt salmon and to determine the CTC residue and its distribution in the salt salmon.
When CTC (0.3 ppm)-containing minced flesh alone was kept at -3 to 5°C, spoilage was hardly observed within 14 days as compared to the occurrence of incipient spoilage on the 5th day in case of flesh with no CTC. The CTC-containing flesh being mixed with 10% sodium chloride did not manifest any sign of spoilage after a two-week storage.
The penetration of CTC into semidressed sockeye salmon which was salted with CTC (21 ppm)-containing salt was higher in belly part than in back and tail flesh. CTC in various parts of salmon flesh was found inactivated rather readily during the storage at 0 to 5°C.
The CTC residue of salt chum salmon which was dipped for 30 minutes in a 56 ppm CTC-sea water solution prior salting was found less than 0.1 ppm after a 9-month storage. The distribution pattern of CTC in the salt salmon flesh was similar to that in flesh of dip-treated fresh salmon except for low content near the skin. This abnormal low content can be accounted for by the destruction of CTC coupled with the oxidation of oil beneath the skin. On broiling the salt salmon the CTC residue was further decreased to a value lower than 0.02 ppm level.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (334K)
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