All issues
Volume 25, Issue 10-12
Displaying 1-17 of 17 articles from this issue
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|
-
I. VARIOUS TYPES AND THEIR INTERRELATIONSHIPIsao HANYU1959 Volume 25 Issue 10-12 Pages 595-613
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1) The falciform process, vitreal vessels and other related structures of the teleost eye were observed under a binocular microscope, and in some cases these observations were accompanied by the indirect methode of ophthalmoscopy, on 266 species belonging 128 families; the interrelationship among these structures was discussed from the standpoint of vascularization.
2) The falciform process consists chiefly of the vascularization springing from the main vessel of the hyaloid artery into the vitreous cavity rather than the outgrowth of choroidal connective tissue through the persisting embryonic fissure. The various instances of the falciform process have been divided into four successive types on the basis of vascularization.
3) The falciform process and some instances of vitreal vessels are related by a type of falciform process with branches on the retina. This means that vitreal vessels in general may have the branches from the main vessel developed extensively over the retina.
4) The interrelationship between these structures, including the retinal vessels and other unusual instances, has been tentatively summarized in Fig. 7, the possibilities of the healing of the embryonic fissure and the degeneration of vascularization having been assumed.
5) Further, a marked correlation between the extreme types of these structures and the swimming habits of the fish was mentioned.View full abstractDownload PDF (2205K) -
VASCULARIZATIONIsao NANYU1959 Volume 25 Issue 10-12 Pages 614-619
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the previous paper5), the author discussed the interrelationship of the falciform process, vitreal vessels and other related structures of the teleost eye from the standpoint of the vascularization both in the vitreous cavity and on the retina. Further, in order to study the vascularization from the hyaloid artery, especially its communication with the choroid, he adopted a method of Neoprene latex injection and obtained following results.
1) Generally, the main vessel of the hyaloid artery appears at the optic disc and then runs ventrally along the embryonic fissure to the lens muscle or campanula Halleri, thus feeding the latter. The vein from the lens muscle and that from the iris congregate into the ventral choroidal vein.
2) The branches from the main vessel, either in the vitreous cavity or on the retina, go distally into the embryonic fissure, when it is present, and communicate with the choriocapillaris, ventral choroidal vein and other choroid vessels, never rejoining the main vessel.
When the embryonic fissure is lacking, the branches over the retina are received by the peripheral annular vessel, which passes into the ventral choroidal vein at the ventral ora.
3) The presence of the lentiform body, a plexus interpolated in the hyaloid artery, is not regular among species. The lentiform body, when present, communicates with the choroid in some species.View full abstractDownload PDF (721K) -
Yoshiharu HONMA1959 Volume 25 Issue 10-12 Pages 620-623
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe external features and histological structures of endocrine glands of a Japanese cyprinid fish, Gnathopogon elongatus (TEMMINCK et SCHLEGEL), obtained from the fresh-water region of Niigata City were observed and the following results were obtained. The materials used in this study seems to be matured adult fish before spawning season.
1. The pituitary gland is long ovoid in shape, and keeps touch with the area of optic chiasma with the connective tissue bundle. The pituitary of this fish may be regarded as a lepto-cranio-basic type.
The arrangements and histological figures of three glandular lobes of adenohypophysis are closely similar to those of a brackishwater cyprinid fish, Tribolodon hakonensis taczanowskii, however these differ from those of carp and Funa (Carassius).
2. The discreted thyroid follicles concentrate on the ventral aorta, as which form an anterior and a posterior lobe, but these are not recognized in the other internal organs. The histology of thyroid of this cyprinid fish shows a hypofunctioning figure.
3. The head kidney is apparently independent of the body kidney, and, in general, consists of the lymphoid tissue uniformly. The cardinal vein and its branches in the head kidney are enveloped in the layer of chromaffin cells, and these in turn are surrounded by the mass of acidophilic cells.
4. In the ovary the abundant ovarian eggs in the last stage of yolk globule are found. Therefore, many cyanophiles which are demonstrated in the pars principalis of pituitary seems to be the gonad stimulating cells.View full abstractDownload PDF (1166K) -
Tamotsu TAMURA, Isao HANYU1959 Volume 25 Issue 10-12 Pages 624-631
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. Instead of the critical fusion frequency (Cff) of the flicker ERG, the frequency at which the amplitude becomes half of the maximum amplitude (FHMA) was adopted to investigate the nature of the flicker ERG in carp.
2. The FHMA of the light-adapted carp eye varies not only with the light intensity (Fig. 8) but also with the temperature (Figs. 5&6).
3. If the two relationships-FHMA-Temperature and FHMA-Light Intensity-are obtained in various fish species, they may be useful to compare the Cff or the ability of movement perception between the species.View full abstractDownload PDF (4736K) -
INFLUENCE OF HYDROXY GROUPS AND PEROXIDES IN FISH OIL ON CHLORINATIONKosaku SUZUKI1959 Volume 25 Issue 10-12 Pages 632-635
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSInfluence of hydroxy groups and peroxides on chlorination must be studied as far as fish oil is used as the raw material for chlorination product. For, their contents in fresh fish oil are usually not large, but increase with autoxidation of oil that advances in storage. The hydroxy groups and peroxides proved to more or less positively retard the chlorination of fish oil. However it seems better to regard the retardation to be caused by various changes in autoxidation of the oil but not as the pure result of the formation of hydroxy groups and peroxides, because the autoxidized oil yielded only a chlorination product little increased in chlorine content, even when it had been strongly reduced in acetyl value by some means before chlorination.
It may be certain from the experiment with oleic acid (Table 5) that oxidized oils yield chlorination products unstable to heat. Fish oils, therefore, must be kept out of oxidation, if desired to be ready as the raw material for chlorination product.View full abstractDownload PDF (296K) -
METHODS OF PREPARING THE STOCK FROM KATSUWO-BUSHIKeiichi OISHI, Yuko TAMURA, Kiichi MURATA1959 Volume 25 Issue 10-12 Pages 636-638
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBeing extracted with hot water, dried bonito which is called “Katsuwo-bushi” in Japan is used to season “Suimono” (a kind of soup). The taste of the soup differs in accordance to the conditions of the extraction, e. g., extracting temperature, extracting time and quantity of the extractive water. According to the results of these conditions are as follows: The liquid which is extracted from three per cent of weight of sliced “Katsuwo-bushi” to the boiling water for three minutes is most suitable for the soup. It may be remarked additionally, that re-extractive of the residue is used for another kind of “Katsuwo-bushi”, and the extractive for “Suimono” is called “Ichiban-dashi”. In the following papers in these series, the former is designated as an exhaustive extract whilst the latter is a slight extractive.View full abstractDownload PDF (164K) -
RELATIONS BETWEEN THE QUALITY AND THE AMINO ACID COMPOSITION OF THE EXTRACTIVE OF KATSUWO-BUSHIKeiichi OISHI, Yuko TAMURA, Kiichi MURATA1959 Volume 25 Issue 10-12 Pages 639-643
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe amino acid composition of the six sorts of extractive which are shown in Table 2 are estimated by the microbiological method with results as follows:
(1) No relations are found between the quality of Katsuwo-bushi and the composition of the amino acids in their free forms. The same results are obtained respecting combined forms, too.
(2) The differences in the taste of the light extractive (Ichiban-dashi for Suimono) and the exhaustive extract (Niban-dashi) are not explicable on the basis of the amino acid composition.
(3) The differences of the taste between the parts of ordinary and blooded muscle of Katsuwo-bushi are likewise not explicable as depending upon amino acid composition.
In short, the characteristics of the quality are not explainable on the basis of amino acid content. Rather the quality is affected by the fat content which seems to contribute to minus effect and be more rich in lower quality.View full abstractDownload PDF (265K) -
RELATIONS BETWEEN THE QUALITY AND THE AMOUNT OF INOSINIC ACID AND RELATED COMPOUNDSKeiichi OISHI, Yuko TAMURA, Kiichi MURATA1959 Volume 25 Issue 10-12 Pages 644-645
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSNo relations are found between the quality and the amount of hypoxanthine, inosine, adenylic acid and inosinic acid. The differences of palatability between the slight and exhaustive extractives, or between ordinary and blooded parts of the meat are also not explainable on basis of the quantity and sorts of inosinic acid-like substances.View full abstractDownload PDF (85K) -
ON THE RELATIONS BETWEEN THE QUALITY AND HISTIDINE INOSINATE-LIKE SUBSTANCES, AGAINKeiichi OISHI, Yuko TAMURA, Kiichi MURATA1959 Volume 25 Issue 10-12 Pages 646-648
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAs reported in Parts 2 and 3 of this series of studies, the quality of Katsuwo-bushi is not decided by the content of seventeen sorts of amino acid, hypoxanthine and inosine, adenylic acid and inosinic acid, but rather seems to be affected by the fat conter. To make certain about this point, the same experiment was repeated for the Katsuwo-bushi chosen anew; the following results were obtained.
The quality is not decided by the amino acid composition nor by the content of inosinic acid related substances, and the fatty Katsuwo-bushi is not always inferior to the lean in quality.View full abstractDownload PDF (137K) -
ON THE RELATIONS BETWEEN THE QUALITY AND HISTIDINE INOSINATE, THRICEKeiichi OISHI, Yuko TAMURA, Kiichi MURATA1959 Volume 25 Issue 10-12 Pages 649-651
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSExperiments were carried out twice already with the finding that factors deciding the quality of Katsuwo-bushi are not histidine inosinate-like substances, but rather seem to be fat-content. However it is obscure whether the relations exist beyond the degree of individual variation or not. Therefore, quantitative determinations were made of moisture, fat, amino nitrogen, histidine, adenylic acid and inosinic acid using six pieces each of best and lowest quality of Katsuwo-bushi. Analyzing with significance test of two means of each determined values, the writers found only fat and inosinic acid contents to be significant, i.e., in the best quality a smaller amount of fat and larger amount of inosinic acid are contained obviously than in the lowest quality. Inosinic acid, in some instances, can be the factor deciding the quality as well as fat content.View full abstractDownload PDF (154K) -
DISTRIBUTION OF VITAMIN B12 IN LAKE IKEDA AND RIVER KOTSUKIKen-ichi KASHIWADA, Daiichi KAKIMOTO, Akio KANAZAWA, Toshiro KUROKI, K ...1959 Volume 25 Issue 10-12 Pages 652-657
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the work reported here the vitamin B12 content and its variation in lake and river water was measured.
In May 1958, the vitamin B12 content in the water of Lake Ikeda, mesured by Euglena method; it was very small (e. g. less than 1 mγ/l) and no distinct variation in the vertical and horizontal distribution was observed, however, in August, the vitamin increased in content more than twice as much as that of the spring value, the vertical distribution of it showed a close correlation with the quantity of dissolved oxygen and the maximum was shown at the depth of 20m. (Fig. 2) Fish school were also observed in this region. Similar seasonal change in vitamin B12 content was found in water from Kotsuki River, with a low spring level (about O.1 mγ/l) (Table 2, I) and a high autumn level (0.4-4.5 mγ/l) (Table 2, II). And in the river water, high level of vitamin B12 was observed in the morning, and in the daytime the vitamin content decreased with the lapse of time. It was found also that considerable amount of vitamin B12 poured into the river water from the banksoil with the rain-water. (Table 2, II)View full abstractDownload PDF (400K) -
THE AMOUNTS OF FREE AMINO ACIDS IN THE MUSCLE OF SHELLFISHES AND THEIR VARIATION DURING SPOILAGEKeiji ITO1959 Volume 25 Issue 10-12 Pages 658-660
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the present work, the contents of 17 amino acids in the muscles of three kinds of shellfishes, the clam (Meretrix meretrix lusoria), the little neck clam, (Tapes japonica) and the soft-shelled clam (Mya japonica), and their variation during spoilage were determined by the microbiological method. For the purpose of comparison, the same determination was made on the muscle of the mullet (Liza haematocheila).
The results (Table 1-3) are summarized as follows:
(1) The recovered amino acid nitrogen accounted for about 52-63% of the extractive nitrogen in the shellfishes, and about 29% in Liza haematocheila.
(2) The main components of the free amino acids were alanine, glycine, arginine and glutamic acid in the muscle of three shellfishes, and glycine, histidine and alanine in the case of Liza haematocheila.
(3) As the shellfish muscle spoiled, the amount of free arginine falled rapidly and glutamic acid decreased in some measure. Other amino acids increased slightly, but the change was not considerable.
(4) As the muscle of Liza haematocheila spoiled, it was seen that glycine, serine, proline and basic amino acids decreased to some extent.View full abstractDownload PDF (198K) -
CONTENTS OF VARIOUS NITROGENOUS COMPONENTS IN THE FROND AS AFFECTED BY THE TYPE OF THE NITROGEN SOURCEShiro SATO, Yoshikazu SATO, Keiji ITO, Fumio MATSUMOTO1959 Volume 25 Issue 10-12 Pages 661-666
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPorphyra tenera was cultured for a period of 1 to 6 days in the media containing NH4C1, NH4NO3, urea or NaNO3 as the nitrogen source (0.01% as N), and the changes in the amounts of the total nitrogen, extractive nitrogen and extractive amino acids (alanine, aspartic acid and glutamic acid) in the frond were determined.
The results are shown in Tables 1 and 2, and are summarized as follows:
(1) With NH4-salts as the nitrogen source, the total-N, ext.-N and alanine increased very rapidly, and 20 to 30% of the increment of ext.-N was accounted for by alanine. The increase of aspartic and glutamic acids was not so marked as that of alanine.
(2) With urea, the absorption of nitrogen was slow for the first 4 days, turned to be very rapid thereafter, and almost the same amount of nitrogen was absorbed in 6 days as in the case when NH4NO3 was used as the nitrogen source. It is noted, however, that the glutamic acid content increased markedly during the first 2 days.
(3) With NaNO3, the total-N content did not increase so rapidly as with NH4-salts, but there was considerable increase in the contents of the three amino acids.
(4) It seems that in Porphyra tenera the amount of extractive alanine is more easily affected by the nitrogen condition of the environmental sea water than that of aspartic or glutamic acid.View full abstractDownload PDF (312K) -
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENT AND THE SUBDIVISION OF ENTEROCOCCUS GROUPSusumu HORIE1959 Volume 25 Issue 10-12 Pages 667-674
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSNonhemolytic strains of enterococcus group, as reported in the preceding paper, were divided into three distinct types on the basis of the fermentation test. This study was undertaken to know the difference in nutritional requirements by three types of enterococci.
It has been shown that all strains tested, representing the three types, required three kinds of vitamins, pantothenic acid, nicotinic acid and biotin, and nine amino acids, glutamic acid, arginine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, methionine, valine, tryptophane and glycine. However, marked differences in the requirements of riboflavin, folic acid and threonine were observed among three types of enterococci. The type I organisms require both riboflavin and threonine, while the absence of folic acid in the medium suppresses the growth of this type. The type II organisms require folic acid and threonine, but not riboflavin. On the contrary, the type III organisms require riboflavin, but not folic acid and threonine.View full abstractDownload PDF (548K) -
ON THE CHEMICAL STATES OF Mn IN SHELLYoshishige HORIGUCHI1959 Volume 25 Issue 10-12 Pages 675-679
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWhen cultured pearls are subjected to the neutron irradiation, the color changes from common colors such as white, silver, pink, cream, gold to black or blue one. In this coloration, blackish pigment is found chiefly in the nucleus which is made of shell of fresh water clam, containing comparatively large amount of Mn.
To clarify the effects of Mn on black coloration of the nucleus by neutron irradiation, the states of Mn compounds in shell were investigated with following results.
Those results seen in Table 1-3 suggest that the great part of Mn in the shell of fresh water clam exists as MnCO3 and its oxides, and the coloration of nucleus by neutron irradiation is due to the blackish color of Mn oxides which were derived from MnCO3.
On the other hand, large amount of acid soluble pigment as well as Mn distributes in the periostracum and prismatic layer of pearl oyster and of black lipped pearl oyster, but there was found no evidence for of Mn-pigment complex (see Table 1, 2, 4).View full abstractDownload PDF (351K) -
Hideo HIGASHI, Shigeo MURAYAMA, Kikuko TABEI1959 Volume 25 Issue 10-12 Pages 680-686
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. Individual variations in riboflavin contents in the liver of fish have been assessed with respects to about twenty different species of fish made available since 1941. It has been found that among the same species of fish large and apparently old individuals do not always contain a greater amount of riboflavin in their liver than smaller ones. This phenomenon is partly different from the previous findings by Higashi et al (1942).
Generally speaking, the variation between the minimum and maximum contents remained within the range of three times. An extreme case, however, was with “aodai”, Paracaesio caeruleus. Among individuals of this species discrepancy of the riboflavin contents was about seven times. Higashi et al (1942) reported the discrepancy much greater than in the present works.
2. Riboflavin contents in the liver have been compared among different species of fish with respect to the weight ratio of the liver to the body. In some kinds of fish such as sharks, which showed the ratio higher than the other species, the riboflavin content was not found so high as the latter group of fish. The level of their riboflavin content was lower than 3 γ/g. (Fig. 1).
3. Another group of fish showed a tendency where the greater the weight ratio of the liver to thebody, the lower was the riboflavin contents in different individuals of the same species. They were common mackerel, skipjack, Alaska pollack and red salmon (Figs. 2-4).View full abstractDownload PDF (406K) -
1959 Volume 25 Issue 10-12 Pages 693
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: April 22, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (46K)
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|