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Volume 25, Issue 3
Displaying 1-14 of 14 articles from this issue
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SURFACE CONFIGURATIONS OF BELLY INTEGUMENT OF SOME GOBIOID FISHES AND IN COMPARISON WITH A TREE-FROGMasao KIMURA1959 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages 169-171
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
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Yoshimasa ENOMOTO1959 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages 172-182
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS“Critical depth” was computed after Sverdrup's reasoning (1952) with a little modification in the waters adjacent to the west coast of Kyushu and it is assessed that in this sea area the shortage of the radiation energy may not be the largest factor to control the phytoplankton blooming in early spring and as another possible limiting factor, the plant nutrient salts are proposed.View full abstractDownload PDF (499K) -
Jun NAKAGOME1959 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages 183-185
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSI studied on the differences of fishing grouds (Fig. 1) of white marlin in each year from the distributions in respective year and period (Table 1, Fig. 2), on those differences of fishing seasons (Table 1) and rate-of-catches (catch number per hundred hooks ) of the fish for each year from the annual and periodical distributions (Fig. 2) and periodical variations of mean rate-of-catch.
Consequently, it was presumed that a trend of decreasing product of 1957 and 1958 may not be attributable by a deviation of the fishing grounds or the seasonal change, but would be caused by falling of the rate-of-catch itself in the whole fishing grounds and seasons.View full abstractDownload PDF (875K) -
Jun NAKAGOME1959 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages 186-188
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1) I studied on the monthly and yearly variations of fishing condition and distribution of yellowfin tuna in the Bengal Bay.
2) Rate-of-catch (catch number per 100 hooks) continued to decline from 1955 to 1958, and finally occurred poor catch in the last year.
3) The variation of rate-of-catch has resulted in all sized fish.
4) Rate-of-catch is higher in the first half than in the latter half of the year.
5) In the passed years, sub-areas of low rate-of-catch have extended from southeast toward northwest and sub-areas of high rate-of-catch in 1958 existed only inner part of the Bay. 6) Sub-areas of low rate-of-catch in month of the year have extended from southeast toward northwest of the Bay.View full abstractDownload PDF (824K) -
Jun NAKAGOME1959 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages 189-192
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1) I studied on the annual and periodical variations of fishing condition and distribution of big-eyed tuna in the Bengal Bay.
2) Rate-of-catch of big-eyed tuna in the inner and the mouth parts of the Bengal Bay variate samely and the annual difference is larger in the inner part than it in the mouth part of the Bay (Fig. 2).
3) The good catch season in the inner part of the Bay is fewer in frequency but longer in the period than the mouth part. It differs between two terms, 1954-'56, and 1957-'58 continuing up to May in the former and to March in the latter. On the contrary, it occurred more frequently but lasted in shorter period in the mouth part of the Bay, changing the season year after year (Figs. 3 and 4).
4) The sub-areas of good fishing in April, May and June of 1954-'56 extend to wide sphere as well as in February, March and April of 1957-'58, in the inner part of the Bay. On the end of good fishing, it became poor catch extending from east to west, in 1954-'56 and from the coast of the continent, in 1957-'58, in the inner part of the Bay. The distribution of the fish in the mouth part of the Bay showed great differences by year and by mouth.View full abstractDownload PDF (852K) -
ON THE NITROGENOUS COMPOUNDS IN HOT WATER EXTRACT OF LIVERTakashi TAKAHASHI1959 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages 193-195
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the previous paper it was reported that liver is the largest organ in cuttle-fish, holding 60-70% of the viscera, and contains crude protein as much as its meat. It was reported by KITABAYASHI2) that about half amount of nitrogen contained in the liver was extracted by hot water. It has often been observed that more than 50% of nitrogen contained in cuttlefish viscera is dissolved in hot water3).
In order to clear up physiological function and way of utilization of these organs, it is important to be determined the chemical constituents of these organs. Accordingly, in this paper the author investigated the distribution of nitrogenous compounds in hot water extract of the liver (Tables 1 and 2), and moreover detected 13 kinds of free amino acids in the extract, such as cystine, serine, glutamic acid, tyrosine, lysine, histidine, arginine, proline, leucine, valine, aspartic acid, glycine, alanine.View full abstractDownload PDF (191K) -
ADSORPTION BY WEAKENED ACID CLAYHideo HIGASHI, Tokugoro KANEKO, Kisaburo SUGII, Takeshige YAMAKAWA, Sh ...1959 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages 196-203
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn usual methods for refining a vitamin A concentrate (hereinafter referred to as the sample), vitamin A is more or less liable to be destroyed as it is subjected first to adsorpon to separate impurities and then to elution before obtaining a higher concentrate.
In search of technological improvement it occurred to the authors that acid clay, when weakened appropriately, could be economically used as an adsorbent of impurities so as to avert the destruction of vitamin A.
In the experiments a definite amount of aquatic solution of ammonia, urea or NaOH was added to acid clay. The mixture was dried, pulverised, and then heated at a certain temperature. The acid clay thus weakened was used as the material adsorbing impurities from the sample.
Two methods were employed in adsorbing impurities of the sample into the weakend acid clay; one was a normal column chromatography and the other was shaking or stirring.
The results of the experiments were as follows:
1) Under certain condition, it had been possible to concentrate vitamin A by the use of acid clay weakened with ammonia or urea (Tables 1 and 2). Nevertheless, further experiments proved that a constant activity could not be secured in these adsorbents.
2) When weakened with NaOH, however, acid clay showed a constant activity in removing a part of the impurities from the sample together with fishness and dark color. The best result was obtained when the weakened acid clay containing 3.5% NaOH was heated at150°C and used at the rate of 20 parts to 1 part of the sample. Along with this adsorbent the shaking or stirring method is recommended to be most economical and practical for industrial purposes (Tables 3-8).
3) With view to examining the refining efficiency, the compositions of the sample before and after carrying out the adsorption were determined on the basis of alumina chromatographic fractionation, and the results were compared as in Fig. 1 and Table 9. The weakened acid clay was capable of adsorbing entirely fraction III consisting only of the impurities. In fraction II which consisted of the impurities and vitamin A, both equally adsorbable to alumina, a greater part of the former was adsorbed by the weakened acid clay.
4) Kanurma earth (a kind of clay used in gardening) weakened by KOH was also as effective as the NaOH weakened acid clay in adsorbing impurities (Table 10).View full abstractDownload PDF (576K) -
Chiaki KOIZUMI, Junsaku NONAKA1959 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages 204-211
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFish products are apt to become lowered in quality through autoxidation of their oil componet.
Numerous investigators have reported on the autoxidation of oil accelerated by heat, light, moisture, heavy metals, etc.
Among the lights varied in wave length, it is known that ultraviolet is the most accelerative, coming next violet and blue.
The authors studying some chemical characteristics of specimens of methyl oleate, skipjack head oil, and lard kept wrapped with different colored market cellophanes, came to the conclusion that deep orange colored cellophane capable of absorbing all light waves shorter than 540mμ is quite excellent in protecting these specimens from sunlight (Tables 2, 3 and 4). In wrapping of fish products, orange colored cellophane seems indeed to be superior to green colored one also in respect of its not-injuring the external appearance of these products; may be recommended to be widely used.View full abstractDownload PDF (441K) -
EXTRACTION AND COLORIMETRIC ESTIMATION OF BHA.Kenzo TOYAMA, Michio NAKAI, Hiroshi YAMAGA1959 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages 212-217
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo obtain a method suitable for determining the BHA added to marine products, three colorimetric methods were compared with one another: 2, 2'-dipyridyl (2, 2'-DP) method3), 2, 6-dichloroquinonechloroimide (2, 6-D) method 4), and potassium ferricyanide (K3(CN)6) method6).
The antioxidant was drawn from the products together with crude oil by the Soxhlet extraction extended over 16 hrs., using peroxide-free ethys ether. After evaporating-off the solvent under reduced pressure, BHA was extracted by a modified method (see Table 1), and subjected to each colorimetric estimation mentioned above.
From the results obtained, only the 2, 6-D reagent towards BHA. In the case of the other two methods, the reagents reacted with some other materials coming dissolved in alcoholic extracts of crude oil. It is possible, therefore, when the estimation is made with any of the latter methods, that the results become too large and misrepresent spurious substance as BHA. Consequently, the said two methods should be regarded as inapplicable to the case of marine products.View full abstractDownload PDF (430K) -
AERATION VELOCITY OF CHLORINEKosaku SUZUKI1959 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages 218-221
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRelations among the rate of chlorine aeration, yields of the products and agitation of reaction mixtures were studied under the assumption that the apparent chlorination velocity of fish oil is proportional to yield velocity of the products.
As the apparent velocity of chlorination proved to agree with equation (1) at the later, aeration of chlorine is necessitated to be vigorous at first and gentle later so that little excess of chlorine may get out of the reaction liquid.
So far as the present experiment is concerned, agitation of reaction liquid is not effective enough to accelerate the chlorination probably for the reason that the real reaction occurs only in the boundary film between chlorine and oil, in which no convection goes on.View full abstractDownload PDF (286K) -
Satoru HIGASHI, Kiyozo KAWAI1959 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages 222-227
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe cellular respiration of fresh-water mussels, Hyriopsis schlegelii and Cristaria plicata, was studied from some comparative aspects of physiological chemistry. The former species, which is used as the mother-mussel in the fresh-water pearl-culture industry, is endemic to the Lake of Biwa, but the latter is a common species in lakes and ponds of Japan. Anato-mically, both of them are very similar to the genera Unio and Anodonta. The experiments were carried out during winter to early spring. The materials used were about 14-17cm. in shell length, and about 4-6 years old. The results obtained are summarized as follows:
1. The gill showed the highest rate of endogenous respiration among various tissues of the mussels (Table 1).
2. The endogenous respiration of the gill was strongly inhibited by cyanide and azide, and the inhibited respiration was recovered by addition of methylene blue (Fig. 1 and Table 2).
3. The respiration of mussel tissues was accelerated by 10-3 M-10-2M of succinate, and this effect was especially remarkable in the heart and the adductor muscle. In the striated portion of the adductor muscle, the effect of succinate was twice as much as in the smooth portion. No accelerating effect was observed with 10-2 M of pyruvate, citrate, α-ketoglutarate and glutamate.
4. Although the endogenous respiration of mussel tissues was not inhibited by malonate, the accelerating effect of succinate was strongly depressed by malonate (Table 3 and Fig. 2).View full abstractDownload PDF (368K) -
Tetuo TOMIYAMA, Shigenobu OYAMA1959 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages 228-233
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTOMIYAMA et al3) reported a practical assay method appropriate for the determination of minute amount of chlortetracycline (CTC) in tissues. The present study deals with the application of their method to the determination of tetracycline (TC) and oxytetracycline (OTC) in tissues.
It was found that the method could be applied for this purpose by only modifying the standard antibiotics solutions. The average recoveries of TC or OTC which was included in tissues were found 88% from muscle and 96% from skin. The minimum inhibitory concentration of TC or OTC was 0.006 mcg per cc., i.e., a detectable amount of OTC in tissues being 0.03 mcg per g. of tissue when one part of a sample tissue is extracted with four parts nation could be omitted by employing the linear regression line just as in the case of CTC.
The optimum condition for the sporulation of test organism, B. cereus # 213, has also been studied, since difficulty was frequently met in obtaining a high yield of spore of the test organism while none was experienced in case of B. cereus # 5. Several trials revealed that both a suitable cell concentration of the inoculum and a moderately thin layer of the basal medium are required for efficient sporulation of the organism.View full abstractDownload PDF (399K) -
A NEW FLUOROMETRIC METHODTetuo TOMIYAMA, Yasuo YONE, Keiko KITAHARA1959 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages 234-239
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSince chlortetracycline (CTC)-containing ice is being widely used for keeping the freshness of trawler's catches in the western sea area of Japan, a practical field method for the determination of CTC incorporated in ice is needed for field test of concentration, distribution and destruction of the antibiotic in the ice.
The method herein reported is based on a linear relationship between the chlortetracyc-line concentration and the intensity of fluorescence produced on irradiation of aluminum chelate of chlortetracycline with ultraviolet ray.
The method for the detemination is as follows: To a 10 cc. aliquot of sample and each of standard solution series (1-5 mcg. per cc.) add 1 cc. of a 1% potassium alum (KAL(SO4)212H2O) solution in M/2 acetate buffer of pH 4.6. Allow it to stand from 20 to 60 minutes at room temperature. Measure the fluorescence fo the sample at 500mμ which is produced with excitation light of 365mμ or 436mμ Similarly, measure the fluorescence of the alumcontaining standard standard solutions, subtract blank value from each measured intensity of fluores-cence, and draw a standard curve by plotting the intensity of fluorescence against the concen-tration of CTC. A representative standard curve is shown in Fig. 9. From the standard curve read the CTC concentration of the sample solution corresponding to the intensity of fluorescence from which blank value is subtracted.View full abstractDownload PDF (360K) -
1959 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages 244
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: April 22, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (34K)
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