巻号一覧
27 巻, 3 号
選択された号の論文の16件中1～16を表示しています
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サンマ安田 秀明, 藤田 四郎, 赤池 清人, 苅部 信二, 木本 清暉, 春原 弘, 浜田 悦之, 羽山 泰夫1961 年 27 巻 3 号 p. 217-219
発行日: 1961/03/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーOn saury there are different frequency curves between its abdominal scale rings and that of its upperside (Fig. 1-I•II).
We tried to get the calculation value of body-length at the time when the rings appeared on the scale of upperside. Based on this data and the season of ring formation, February and September, drew a growth curve (Fig. 2).
We knew then there are two populations different from spawning season.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (165K) -
汚濁の基準および都市廃水による汚濁諸岡 等1961 年 27 巻 3 号 p. 220-224
発行日: 1961/03/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn the previous paper the author has reported on a newly established indicator of sea-water pollution, B. O. I. and has showed a few examples of the pollution survey using the indicator. The B. O. I. was able to indicate the sea-water pollution caused by organic source, which was hardly indicated by B. O. D. or C. O. D. method.
In this paper he presented the data concerning B. O. I. value in unpolluted fishing areas adjacent to the coast of Nagasaki Prefecture to elucidate the B. O. I. value in an unpolluted area and to make the B. O. I. value a determination standard of pollution. In the results of the research, it is confirmed that an area, in which the B. O. I. value is below 1.5 is an unpolluted one. Since the B. O. I. value means the oxygen consumption of microorganism at 30°C in 24 hours and the number of microorganism is equivalent to the number of marine bacteria, the number of microorganism can be calculated by using the value of oxygen consumption of marine bacteria per unit cell, 20.2×10-12mg O2/cell/hr, which was estimated by ZoBell.
The B. O. I. value of 1.5 corresponds to the number of bacteria, 4×105/cc.
A survey was conducted into distribution of pollution in sea-water by using surface sea-water in Nagasaki Harbor. The largest value was obtained at the innermost of the harbor and the value decreased with the stations toward the mouth of the harbor. Vertically, the B. O. I. value was the largest in the surface and oxygen content and salinity became larger with depths. This phenomenon is considered to be due to the entrainment of the surface sea-water, which may bring water masses high in oxygen content from the mouth of the harbor. The number of microorganism in the water of Nagasaki Harbor was 1-2×106/cc. This is equivalent to the number of marine bacteria calculated by using B. O. I. value. The number of bacteria in the mud of the sea-bottom of the harbor was 109/cc.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (331K) -
浜野 繁1961 年 27 巻 3 号 p. 225-231
発行日: 1961/03/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリー1) The supernatant fluid exudated upon immersion of the intact eggs into alkaline distilled water (pH 8.5) at 70°C for one hour and by extraction of the ground eggs with distilled water (pH 7.0) at room temperature for the same length of time, caused an agglutination of the spermatozoa, But such an agglutination of the spermatozoa did not result from treatment of the supernatant fluid with an active carbon nor by dialysis
2) The above agglutinative substance showed two peaks of absorption spectrum at 265 mμ and 320 mμ. But these peaks were caused to disappear by treatment of the substance with an active carbon and by dialysis.
3) The lipovitellin-M/7.5 NaCl prepared from the whole yolk of rainbow trout eggs, caused an agglutination of the spermatozoa, but such an agglutination could not be detected as caused by vitellin-M/7.5 NaCl.
4) The agglutinative action of a lipovitellin upon the spermatozoa was neutralized by addition of two times volume of levetin-M/7.5 NaCl. But the supernatant fluid exudated as a result of immersion of the intact eggs into alkaline distilled water at 70ºC for one hour, could not be obtained even if an addition was made of five times volume of levetin-M/7.5 NaCl.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (389K) -
蒲生 英男1961 年 27 巻 3 号 p. 232-235
発行日: 1961/03/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーA new way of addition of periblast nuclei after the gastrula stage, other than the fusion of marginal cells and the nuclear division, was found in embryos of a freshwater teleost, the medaka, Oryzias latipes.
Some blastomeric cells which are directly contacted by periblast nuclei after the gastrula stage, even when the circulation and tail extension begin, are swollen both in cellular and nuclear size. Their nuclei often attain almost the same feature as the periblast nuclei in size, shape and staining. Cell boundary is also dim sometimes. The author considers that this is another way of addition of periblast nuclei.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (390K) -
蒲生 英男1961 年 27 巻 3 号 p. 236-238
発行日: 1961/03/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーMany figures of the polyinvagination are observed all over the blastodisc in early gastrulae of a teleost, the medaka, Oryzias latipes. This is different from the neural crest formation in early neurula which is universal in teleost. The author considers that the teleost also has a possibility of two kinds of course for blastodisc cells to migrate into the blastocoel at the blastula stage, that is, the ordinary invagination through the blastopore and the polyinvagination. Besides he assumes that the neural crest formation in the neurula stage is a partial descendant of the general polyinvagination in the gastrula stage.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (414K) -
「アオノリ」，「アナアオサ」およびその粘質物の無機成分について三田 喜代1961 年 27 巻 3 号 p. 239-242
発行日: 1961/03/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーSucceeding to the previous paper, in which the elemental composition of ashes of a red seaweed, Gloiopeltis furcata, and its mucilage was given, the present report deals with that of green seaweeds. The specimens were two kinds of green seaweed, Enteromorpha compressa, and Ulva pertusa, collected from Hiroshima Bay in January and May and mucilages extracted with hot water.
These materials were ashed in an oven below 500°C, and the mineral components were analyzed by the usual method (Table 1) and the arc spectrum analysis (Table 2).
Some differences were observed between these green seaweeds and the red seaweed previously tested in the content of Mg and Fe, the former being more rich in the metals, especially in Mg. The arc spectrum analysis showed the presence of trace elements such as Ti, Cu, Mn and B in both species.
The main components in the ashes of mucilages were found to be Mg, Na and S, and the last element was proved to be present as sulfate. These results suggest that the mucilage of green seaweed consists of Na and Mg salts of sulfate ester of polysaccharide, as that of red seaweed does.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (210K) -
抗生物質に対するProteus morganiiの耐性獲得について興津 知明, 河端 俊治1961 年 27 巻 3 号 p. 243-250
発行日: 1961/03/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーAcquisition of resistance against chlortetracycline (CTC) and oxytetracycline (OTC) by Proteus morganii, the causative organism of allergy-like food poisoning, has been studied.
In addition, the influence of these antibiotics upon the formation of histamine and the activities of l-histidine decarboxylase of the washed cell suspensions has been investigated with the resistant and the original sensitive strains.
Results obtained may be summarized as follows:
1. Four strains of P. morganii were exposed to a constant dose of each drug, either a maximum tolerance level or 0.1 ppm. The latter dose is the maximum permissible residual of CTC in fish regulated by the Japanese Food Sanitation Law.
After 60 successive subcultures were made in nutrient broth containing either antibiotic, the resistance increased 4 to 16-fold at a miximum tolerance level and 2 to 8-fold at 0.1 ppm.
2. A complete cross-resistance between CTC and OTC was observed. A slight crossresistance against chloramphenycol was recorded with the OTC or CTC-resistant organisms, while that against streptomycin was not appreciable.
3. No marked difference in the rate of formation of histamine was observed between resistant and sensitive organisms when grown in the mackerel infusion.
4. Ten or 100 ppm of either drug did not interfere the activity of l-histidine decarboxylase of the washed cell suspensions of both resistant and sensitive organisms.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (451K) -
アワビ筋肉エキス中の含窒化合物の分布について鴻巣 章二, 前田 安彦1961 年 27 巻 3 号 p. 251-254
発行日: 1961/03/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe distribution of various nitrogenous constituents in the muscle extracts of an abalone was investigated and about 95% of the extractive-N (506mg%) has been accounted for as glycine betaine-N (23.0%), free amino acids-N (65.9%), AMP- and ADP-N (4.0%), TMA- and TMO-N (0.2%) and NH3-N (1.3%). Glycine betaine was found to be one of the most important constituents in the muscle extracts. Among the free amino acids detected, taurine was the most abundant (946mg%). The content of arginine (299mg%) and glycine (174mg%) was also comparatively high.
The authors are grateful to Prof. Y. HASHIMOTO for his valuable advice and Mr. E. KASAI for his technical assistance in the course of this work. The expenses of this investigation were defrayed partly by a research fund granted from the Ministry of Education.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (197K) -
シラタの肉質の組織学的検索小泉 千秋1961 年 27 巻 3 号 p. 255-260
発行日: 1961/03/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn the previous papers1), 2), results of spectrophotometric studies on discoloration of katsuobushi have been reported.
On the present work, histological pattern of muscular tissue in katsuobushi was observed with a microscopic technique. While the muscle fibers in the normal portion of katsuobushi were found lying compactly aggregated in some places (Figs. 1 and 3) and mutually separated in other places (Fig. 2), muscle fibers in a part of shirata were always separated from one another, leaving large gaps between them (Fig. 4). In a pieces of katsuobushi made from a muscular tissue of a large fat content like sanriku-bushi (Fig. 2), a layer of fat was found distributed so as to fill up the interstices of muscle fibers keeping the fibers from close aggregation. According to the result of a test with Schiff's reagent, the fat in this condition is regarded to have been autoxidized. If the results of the previous reports are referred to, it may be said that the fat takes part in the turning ashy white of the fatty tissue with formation of shirata and makes, further, a cause of the moldering of a katsuobushi.
Apart from the concern of subcutaneous fat, skipjack specially suited to be manufactured into katsuobushi is generally rather poor in the content of body fat. The muscular tissue of such skipjack is scarcely spreaded with fat (Figs, 5 and 6). But in the case of finished katsuobushi it is general that fat exists as distributed throughout the muscular tissue (Figs. 1 and 2). To clarify the cause inducing this discrepancy, the histological change of muscular tissue that occurs in the manufacturing course for katsuobushi was persuaded by observing the permeation of subcutaneous fat into the muscular tissue (Figs. 7, 8 and 9). The results of this inquiry indicates that subcutaneous fat goes distributed between the muscle fibers in the processing stage of smoking (according to the routine procedure, katsuobushi is prepared by smoking a previously boiled flesh of skipjack and then drying the smoked flesh). The subcutaneous fat permeated into muscular tissue in the smoking process may thus be looked upon as a grave cause that induces the decolorization of katsuobushi to the state of shirata.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (765K) -
ビタミンA濃縮物のエステル化(其の3)フタル酸類のジビタミンAエステル衣巻 豊輔1961 年 27 巻 3 号 p. 261-266
発行日: 1961/03/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe work described in this paper was undertaken to find out whether esters of phthalic acids are suitable for economical preparation of crystalline vitamin A ester from concentrate.
Phthalic acids used in the experiments included ordinary phthalic, terephthalic and isophthalic.
i) Preparation of esters
Each of the phthalic acids was converted to acid dichloride and then made to react with vitamin A concentrate respectively as in the previous paper (Bull. Jap. Soc. Sci. Fish. 20, 1027, 1955).
Recovery of vitamin A in the esterification was not constant in each test and generally was low (shown in Table 1). The low recovery can be attributed to the presence of acidic monoesters which are produced by the use of excess acid dichlorides. The monoesters cause the loss of vitamin A into water and promote emulsification in the alkali washing procedure.
ii) Fractionation of esters
The esters thus obtained could not be crystallized. Poor results were also obtained in the fractionation of these esters by solvent distribution, molecular distillation and chromato-graphical adsorption. See Tables 2 and 3.
The poor results may be explained as follows. Diesters prepared from a dibasic acid and various alcohols are the mixture of many diesters each having two bindings either of different alcohols or of identical alcohols. Obviously it is difficult to isolate an individual diester from this complicated mixture of diesters similar to each other in properties.
In the case of ordinary phthalate, a fraction showing the presence of anhydrovitamin A was obtained. This means that a part of vitamin A is changed into anhydrovitamin A in esterification or subsequent treatments.
iii) Preparation and crystallization of synthetic vitamin A terephthalate
In order to confirm the supposition that the difficulties in isolation of an ester was due to the presence of other alcohols in the concentrate, synthetic pure vitamin A was made to react with terephthalyl dichloride. In this case, the ester prepared was easily crystallizable. This ester (m. p. 55-56°C, vitamin A potency: 2560, 000 I. U. per gr.) was divitamin A terephthalate (Figs. 1 and 2).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (590K) -
ビタミンA濃縮物のエステル化(其の4)フタル酸類のモノビタミンAエステル衣巻 豊輔1961 年 27 巻 3 号 p. 267-274
発行日: 1961/03/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn the previous paper (Series XI), the author showed that the esterification of vitamin A concentrate with phthalyl dichloride have disadvantage due to the formation of acidic monoesters and many kinds of diesters resembling each other in properties.
In the present experiments, monomethyl ester phthalyl monochlorides were used as reagents for the purpose of preventing the disadvantage.
i) Preparation of esters
The method of esterification was the same as in the case of phthalyl dichlorides. After the esterification, petroleum ether insoluble impurities were removed from the crude esters obtained. A good recovery of vitamin A was obtained in the purified esters except the case of using monomethyl ester (orth-) phthalyl monochloride (Tables 1 and 2). A small amount of anhydrovitamin A was also formed when using monomethyl ester phthalyl monochloride.
Formation of anhydrovitamin A is due to the acidity of phthalic acid stronger than that of tere or isophthalic acid (Table 7).
ii) Crystallization of esters
Monomethyl phthalate could not be crystallized, but both monomethyl terephthalate and monomethyl isophthalate were crystallizable. The yield of crystalline monomethyl terephthalate was higher than that of acetate from high potency vitamin A concentrate. But monomethyl terephthalate from vitamin A concentrate of lower potency could not be crystallized (Tables 3, 4 and 5).
However, the yield of crystalline monomethyl isophthalate was high even when vitamin A concentrate of lower potency was used. In crystallizability, this ester was superior to the other kinds of vitamin A esters previously prepared and was comparable with vitamin A urethanes (Table 6).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (529K) -
ビタミンA濃縮物のエステル化(其の5)フタル酸類のモノビタミンAエステルの性状衣巻 豊輔1961 年 27 巻 3 号 p. 275-281
発行日: 1961/03/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーAs described in the former paper (Series XII), the author obtained crystalline vitamin A ester of monomethyl ester phthalic acids from vitamin A concentrates.
In this work, properties of the esters were examined.
i) Physical and chemical properties of esters
Photos of purified specimens of monomethyl terephthalate and monomethyl isophthalate are shown in Figs. 1 and 3. Their properties such as melting point, ultra violet absorption, saponification value and solubility are in Table 1 and Figs. 2 and 4. The data show that these two esters are monovitamin A monomethyl terephthalate and monovitamin A monomethyl isophthalate respectively.
ii) Cis-trans isomerism of esters
The result by the reaction of vitamin A alcohol obtained from these two esters with maleic anhydride, revealed that the vitamin A composing these esters is all-trans form. See Fig. 5.
iii) Stability of esters
As indicated in Fig. 6, stability of crystalline vitamin A monomethyl terephthalate in oil solution was the same as that of vitamin A acetate. Stability of monomethyl isophthalate was also in the same order.
In Table 2, stability of these esters in the form of crystals is shown. Crystalline vitamin A monomethyl isophthalate was found better in stability than crystalline vitamin A urethanes which are well known as fairly stable vitamin A derivatives (Table 3).
iv) Crystals of m. p. 97-98°C from vitamin A monomethyl terephthalate
The auther obtained crystals which melt at 97-98°C, from monomethyl terephthalate of vitamin A concentrate left standing for a long time in ethyl formate. These crystals were different from vitamin A monomethyl terephthalate and could also be detected in crystalline vitamin A monomethyl terephthalate stored for weeks. Analytical data of these crystals were: acid value 0.3, saponification value 346 and nonsaponifiables ca. 60%. The spectrophtometric curve is shown in Fig. 7, but the structure of these crystals could not be determined.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (777K) -
セタシジミの末端酸化系東 怜1961 年 27 巻 3 号 p. 282-286
発行日: 1961/03/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリー1) The effects of inhibitors on the endogenous respiration of various tissues and the identification of cytochromes in various tissues of fresh-water cockle, Corbicula sandai, were studied.
2) The respiration of gill, mantle and adductor muscle tissues was inhibited by 5×10-4 M cyanide or 10-3 M azide and the inhibition was reversed by the addition of 5×10-3 M methylene blue (Table 1).
3) In a gas mixture of 95% CO and 5% O2, the oxygen uptake of gill and mantle tissues was inhibited by about 50% in the dark and the inhibition was completely reversed by light (Fig. 1 and Table 2).
4) Cytochrome oxidase activity of gill and mantle tissues was measured manometrically (Table 3). The absorption band of reduced cytochrome b was detected in all tissues examined, but the bands corresponding to cytochromes a and c were not detected at room temperature. A feeble bands of cytochromes a and c appeared at liquid-air temperature (Table 4).
5) These results lead to the conclusion that the respiration of fresh-water cockle tissues is mediated through the cytochrome system.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (276K) -
1961 年 27 巻 3 号 p. 287a
発行日: 1961年
公開日: 2008/04/22
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (49K) -
1961 年 27 巻 3 号 p. 287b
発行日: 1961年
公開日: 2008/04/22
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (49K) -
1961 年 27 巻 3 号 p. 287c
発行日: 1961年
公開日: 2008/04/22
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (49K)
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