日本水産学会誌
Online ISSN : 1349-998X
Print ISSN : 0021-5392
ISSN-L : 0021-5392
27 巻, 7 号
選択された号の論文の18件中1~18を表示しています
  • シイラの食餌内容について
    児島 俊平
    1961 年 27 巻 7 号 p. 625-629
    発行日: 1961/07/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The food contents of dolphins, 1, 103 individuals in number, captured under the dipped-wood at the offing of Hamada, Shimane Prefecture, from July, 1955, to October, 1959, were examined (Figs. 1 & 2).
    1) The contents of the alimentary canal have been classified into a great many different kinds, which are Pisces, Crustacea, Mollusca, Coelenterate and Algae, and the first is parti-cularly dominant in frequency of appearance and in wet weight amounting nearly 90% of all, respectively (Table 1).
    2) The alimentary canal contents are nearly limited to the creatures of surface layer, and it has been found that there is the limit on body length of those of median layer, Sar-dinops melanosticta, Trachurus japonicus and so on.
    3) Body length of food fishes varies from 1cm, or thereabouts, to 34cm., but it may morphologically be divided into two discontinuous groups (2-4cm & 10-15cm).
    4) The median sized food fishes (10-15cm) are most prominent in frequency of appearance and in wet weight.
    5) Larvae of Monacanthidae, Upeneus bensai, Engraulis japonica and Oplegnathns fasciatus have abundantly been found in young forms, which had directly been swallowed by dolphins.
  • 野々田 得郎
    1961 年 27 巻 7 号 p. 630-636
    発行日: 1961/07/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The influences of the excessive flows of the river upon the catches of anchovy in Ise Bay were studied in analizing the data of discharge of the Rivers Kiso and Ibi, which have great influences on the variation of the sea condition of this bay, of the oceanographic observations, and of the daily fishery records of ten-odd boats sampled from each fishing port on Ise Bay. The results obtained are summarized as follows:
    1) Within three days after the excessive flow breaks out influence of the fresh water extends to the south part of Ise Bay along its west side at the surface. At the depth of 5m the influence seems to take place in about seventh day and to continue to about fifteenth day after the beginning of flow.
    2) In one or two days after the excessive flow breaks out, the northern limit of fishing ground and the position of its centre move southwards. With abating of the flow they go the former state. Their locomotion in the direction of east and west is not so evident as one in the north and south.
    3) Generally the catches of anchovy show a tendency to decrease after the excessive flow, and in most cases the minimum catch appears in the period from first to fifth day after beginning of the flow in the northern parts of Ise Bay and from sixth to fifteenth day in the middle and southern parts.
  • 田口 喜三郎
    1961 年 27 巻 7 号 p. 637-640
    発行日: 1961/07/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    In the tagging experiment for salmon in the North Pacific, the body length of tagged salmon are being measured both at the time of its tagging and recovery. Then the differences between these body lengths are considered to be the growth in the period of their migration.
    Assuming that the growth of salmon in the period be expressed as lt=leKt, the value of K (instantaneous growth rate) could be estimated by this formula. (lt; Body length at the time of recovery, l; Body length at the time of tagging, t; Period by number of day).
    The data used here are the results of tagging experiments carried out in the waters of Aleutian Is. from 1956 to 1958 by U.S. And the calculated growth rate are shown in Table 1. and Figure 1. In this table it is noticiable that 1) the value of K of mature salmon is larger than that of immature, and 2) the K of pink salmon is larger than those of red salmon and chum salmon.
  • 中才 啓, 鈴木 乙彦, 川上 太左英
    1961 年 27 巻 7 号 p. 641-644
    発行日: 1961/07/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Considering that the various curves of a fishing net assumed in working condition can be approximated by circular arcs of different curvatures, the authors get theoretically 18 equilibrium equations in regard to the distributing tensions and the shape of the net.
    From these equations, following relations between the horizontal spread of the wing and the height of the net-mouth were obtained:
    1) Increasing of the horizontal spread of the wing and increasing of the stream velocity cause the lowering of the height of the net-mouth.
    2) The change of the height of the net-mouth due to the change of the horizontal spread of the wing is diminished by the increase of the stream velocity.
    Experiments were carried out in a water tank of circulation type with a model net designed by a box-type.
    Comparing the experimental and the theoretical results, a satisfactory consequence is obtained qualitively.
  • 田口 喜三郎
    1961 年 27 巻 7 号 p. 645-649
    発行日: 1961/07/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The present report is a study of the selective action of nylon gillnets for the size of salmon migrating in the North Pacific and Bering Sea.
    Putting L for the body length in cm, W for the body weight in g, t for the circumference at some section of the body in mm, and n and a for the constant in the following equation, the relation exists between body weight and the length of circumference at some section of body can be written as t=aW0•36, because the equation L ?? nW3•6 can provide the relation-ship between body weight and body length in salmon.
    When salmon gilled by the mesh of gillnets, a circular net mark appears in wide range on the surface of the body from the head to the immediate front of dorsal fin. Hence, assuming that the mesh size shows the length of the circumference where circular net mark appeared, the value of a at any section where salmon gilled by the mesh can be calculated from the data shown in Table 1. In this table the range on the body surface where salmon gilled by the mesh is divided into five gilled girth as shown in Fig. 1 for the convenience of calculation of a. Table 2 shows the value of a for each gilled girth in three species.
  • 酸素消費に関する予備実験
    江草 周三
    1961 年 27 巻 7 号 p. 650-659
    発行日: 1961/07/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    1) The oxygen uptake rate of Penaeus japonicus BATE was studied by a flowing water method both in the case in which prawns lay hidden motionlessly in the sand, and in the case in which they were prevented from burrowing, thus being in an excited, active state. Animals used ranged in body weight from 3 to 18 gm. All experiments were performed at about 23°C.
    2) Immediately after burrowing into the sand prawns showed a comparatively high rate of oxygen uptake, which gradually subsided, and reached a steady resting rate after about 3 hours. The resting oxygen uptake rates per unit weight varied with the size of animals, ranging from 77 to 135 cc./kg./hr. Increase in size was accompanied by a decrease in resting rate.
    3) The following relationship was observed between external oxygen content and resting oxygen uptake rate, except in the case of large prawns. Above a certain oxygen level the resting rate is independent of the oxygen content. Below this level the rate gradually increases with decrease in oxygen content, and reaches a maximum at a certain low oxygen level, below which the rate falls rapidly.
    4) The active rate of oxygen uptake is more than three times as large as the resting rate. The active rate also tended to drop with increase in size.
    5) The active rate is dependent on the external oxygen content over a wide range from near air saturation down to 1 cc./1.
    6) From a combination of the resting and active rates of oxygen uptake it seems that the so-called incipient lethal level for this prawn lies between 1.0 and 0.5 cc./1.
  • 清水 千秋, 福原 忠信
    1961 年 27 巻 7 号 p. 660-665
    発行日: 1961/07/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The activity of carbonic anhydrase in various tissues of fishes and other aquatic animals such as crustaceans and molluscs was measured by employing the CONWAY'S microdiffusion method for the determination of the rate of liberation of carbon dioxide produced from bicarbonate by the enzyme.
    Within a single species of fish, the enzyme activity in blood varied remarkably, generally the activity is stronger in larger individuals than in smaller ones. The variation of the activity between individuals was found considerable also in liver and gill lamellae, yet non in pyloric caeca, stomach, kidney, and skeletal muscle. Among these tissues, blood was found to have the strongest activity and skeletal muscle the weakest, although the dark-colored muscle exhibited the activity as strong as visceral organs.
    In crustaceans, cephalopods, gastropods and bivalves, the enzyme activity was strongest in gill and much weaker in blood (Table 2 b, c and d), on the contrary to the results of fishes. The enzyme activity in the mantle of cephalopods, gastropods and bivalves was generally stronger than in the arm or the foot, and this tendency was marked in decapods whose shells were well developed (Table 2 c and d).
    The enzmy activity was also found in algae as well as in higher plant (Table 2 e).
  • 平尾 秀一, 菊地 嶺
    1961 年 27 巻 7 号 p. 666-672
    発行日: 1961/07/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    By the use of chromatographically purified cholesterol, the coloration developed by SbCl3-CHCl3 reagent was studied. As shown in Table 1, the larger the amount of cholesterol present, the deeper becomes the pink color, the more adds an orange shade and the quicker in its development. As is shown in Fig. 1, the absorption maxima of the reaction product are found at 423 and 500mμ. The E values calculated from each of the maximum differ depending on the reaction time of the observation, and on the amount of cholesterol used. As is shown in Fig. 2, when cholesterol is 70 micrograms per ml. of the reagent, the increase of absorption at both 423 and 500mμ shows even after about 5 hours. In the case of 200 micrograms, however, the absorption at 500mμ increases much faster than that at 423mμ, and in contrast with the apsorption at 423mμ that reaches an approximate constant after changing its position into 408mμ via 415mμ. When a color solution, the development of which is still increasing, is diluted with another aliquote of reagent, the apsorption at 423mμ decreases in proportion to the quantity of newly added reagent, while the 500mμ maximum does not (Fig. 3). On the contrary, a color solution, when the development of which has ceased to increase, the color is diluted in proportion to the quantity of newly added reagent.
    The reaction products of cholesterol with the reagent were recovered by treating the colored solution with KOH and ether, and chromatographically separated into several fractions (Table 2 and Fig. 5).
    On the basis of the data, the process of the color development of cholesterol can be traced as follows: Cholesterol→ a substance with a maximum at 235mμ→ a substance with maxima at 265, 275 and 287mμ→ a substance with maxima at 292, 305 and 320mμ.
  • 魚油塩素化物配合塗料を塗布した木片の燃焼温度について
    鈴木 康策
    1961 年 27 巻 7 号 p. 673-677
    発行日: 1961/07/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The fire-retardative effect which was produced by dissolving the chlorination product of fish oil in commercial paints was tested. In order to test on transparent coating films, paints which are freely mixible with the chlorination product were used.
    Wooden test plates were coated with ordinary paints mixed with or without the chlorination product. After the coatings perfectly dried up, coated sides of the plates were heated at 550°C. for 180 seconds by an electric furnace. During the combustion of the test plates, the temperature of the burning surface was measured without stopping to heat by the furnance. Test plates coated with a paint containing the chlorination product remained at far lower temperature than the plates coated with ordinary paints did. In other words, the chlorination product has been found effective to give fire-retardative property to an ordinary paint. It should be dependent on practical uses how mach chlorination product is adequate to give sufficient fire-retardative property to a coating material.
  • 微量拡散法による揮発性還元物質(VRS)の定量
    富山 哲夫, 藤野 清也
    1961 年 27 巻 7 号 p. 678-683
    発行日: 1961/07/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    A method which was developed in this study is as following. Place to the outer chamber of CONWAY unit a 2-cc. aliquot of sample flesh extract which can be prepared by mixing a 25-cc. aliquot of 7% trichloracetic acid solution with a mixture of 3.8g. of ground flesh and 10cc. of distilled water. Place to the inner chamber exactly 1cc.-aliquot of alkaline solution of 0.05 N KMnO4. Then, add 1cc. of saturated K2CO3 solution to the sample extract in the outer chamber, followed by immediately sealing the unit with a cover, and leave the unit stand for two hours at room temperature. Remove the cover, and 0.5 cc. of 20% KI to the inner chamber, and further add few drops of sulfuric acid (2:5), followed by immediate addition of 0.05 N Na2S2O3 while being stirred with a magnetic stirrer. Titrate the excess thiosulfate by 0.05 N KHI2O6, using a KIRK-type capillary micro-burette and a starch solution as indicator. The VRS value can be calculated by equation (1).
    VRS obtained by the present method was about one-half as much as that by the distillation method4a). It is to be noted that VRS value of canned flesh obtained by the present method could not be employed for the estimate of the freshness of its material.
  • 缶詰肉の鮮度判定用としてのVRSの定量法
    富山 哲夫, 藤野 清也
    1961 年 27 巻 7 号 p. 684-688
    発行日: 1961/07/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    It has been shown in the previous study3) that canned salmon flesh of good quality gave exceedingly high VRS value and that the autoclaving of horse-mackerel flesh resulted in a remarkable increase in VRS which was estimated on an alkalized flesh extract. The present study deals with the mode of formation of VRS in the flesh upon autoclaving, and further with a modification of TOMIYAMA et al's method which enables us to estimate the quality of canned flesh.
    A high value for VRS which was obtained by the distillation, aeration and micro-diffusion procedure, was found to be made up mainly of basic substances. When the flesh of carp and horse-mackerel were autoclaved in the presence of TMAO, the basic VRS increased markedly whereas the neutral VRS remained nearly unchanged. The decomposition of TMAO was not influenced by the presence of TMA. Based on the above data is presented a method capable of determining TMA-free VRS simply by employing the deproteinized acidic extract as the sample for analysis rather than neutralized or alkalized one.
  • 栗山 光央
    1961 年 27 巻 7 号 p. 689-693
    発行日: 1961/07/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    By the use of ion-exchange resin Dowex 50-H+, the respective amino acid compositions in some species of red algae were revealed. The distribution and some properties of the acids were discussed.
  • 栗山 光央
    1961 年 27 巻 7 号 p. 694-698
    発行日: 1961/07/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    From the non-absorbable fraction of the ethanol extract of red algae on strong cationic ion-exchange resin, taurine and two ninhydrin reactive substances were isolated and their distribution in various algae was examined.
  • 栗山 光央
    1961 年 27 巻 7 号 p. 699-702
    発行日: 1961/07/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    A new amino acid which was isolated from some species of red algae has now been proven to be N-(1-carboxyethyl)-taurine and it was given the name “rhodoic acid” because of the wide distribution in red algae.
  • コンブLaminaria sp.の揮発成分のgas chromatographyによる分析(その4)
    片山 輝久
    1961 年 27 巻 7 号 p. 703-709
    発行日: 1961/07/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    In the present series of work, the auther has been studing such subjects as (a) the socalled “tang of the sea”, (b) the principle of aromatic and odoriferous compounds of seaweed, (c) pharmacological and antibacterial activity of these volatile compounds, (d) the biochemical significance of the volatile constituents (e) the difference between the volatile constituents of Chlorophyceae, Phaeophyceae and Rhodophyceae and (f) the difference between the volatile constituents of seaweed and land plants.
    In the preceding papers of the series, the presence of methanethiol, formic, acetic, propionic, isovaleric, caprylic, caproic, myristic, palmitic, linolic acids, p-cresol, benzaldehyde, n-valeraldehyde, a- methylfurfural, furfural, furfuryl alcohol, 1:8-cineol, d-limonene, and uneikosane was confirmed in Laminaria sp. In the present report, the presence of the following compounds was confirmed.:
    1. Hydrogen sulfide and very small amount of dimethylsulfide were found in the gaseous phase.
    2. Very little amount of acrylic acid was confirmed in lower fatty acid fraction by gas chromatography.
    3. Heptenal was separated in carbonyl fraction by column chromatography and confirmed by elemental analysis.
    4. In neutral fraction, the presence of furfuryl alcohol, a-pinene, d-limonene, 1:8-cineol, p-cymene, myrcene, ocimene, cotenol-3, n-octanol, n-heptanol, n-octylalcohol and linallylacetate were cofirmed by gas chromatography.
    Of the volatile constituents, dimethylsulfide, bedzaldehyde, n-valeraldehyde, a-methylfurfural, furfural, a-pinene, d-limonene, 1:8-cineol, myrcene, ocimene, p-cymene, octenol-3, n-heptanol, n-octyl alcohol, linallylacetate are aromatic compounds of Laminaria sp., while hydrogen sulfide, methanethiol, trimethylamine, formic, acetic, propionic, acrylic, butyric, isovaleric, caprylic, caproic, linolic acids and p-cresol are odoriferous compound.
  • アサクサノリPorphyra tenera K.の揮発成分について(その2)
    片山 輝久
    1961 年 27 巻 7 号 p. 710-712
    発行日: 1961/07/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    In a previous report of this series, it was shown that the content of the volatile constituents of Porphyra tenera K. differs according to the habitat, the season of collection, and the commercial grade and is influenced by the environment of the growing place. And the presence of formic, propionic, butyric, valeric, palmitic acids, furfural, a-pinene, and d-limonene was revealed..
    In the present report, the presence of the following compounds is confirmed.:
    1) In the gaseous phase, the presence of hydrogen sulfide and dimethylsulfide is confirmed.
    2) In the low grade fatty acid fraction, the presence of acrylic acid is revealed by gas chromatography.
    3) In the carbonyl fraction, the presence of benzaldehyde is revealed by gas chromatography.
  • 富山 哲夫, 米 康夫, 藤野 清也
    1961 年 27 巻 7 号 p. 713-717
    発行日: 1961/07/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The present paper deals with the determination of CTC residue in the edible part of several kinds of trolled fish which were dipped ashore several days after capture in sea water solutions of CTC ranging from 10 to 30 ppm. Data presented herein clearly showed that the amount of residue was within a range of 0.1 ppm and was comparable to that of CTC (5 ppm)-iced fish.
    It is of interest to note that with the increase in the CTC concentration of the dip solution quality of treated fish was greatly improved in sharp-toothed eel and hairtail having no scales whereas little in white croaker and flounder which were covered with scales.
    A discussion has been made on the maximum tolerance of CTC residue, 0.1 ppm in the edible part of fresh fish subject to processing, which was established in 1957 by the Ministry of Public Health and Welfare. Taking into consideration the extent of destruction of CTC by processing and the safety data for the CTC residue, it is proposed that a tolerance of 2 ppm of CTC in the edible part will be appropriate for the fish subject to processing.
  • 1961 年 27 巻 7 号 p. 722
    発行日: 1961年
    公開日: 2008/04/22
    ジャーナル フリー
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